William Shakespeare 莎士比亞簡介

Sonnet18ShallIcomparetheetoasummer'sday?

Thouartmorelovelyandmoretemperate.

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

Andsummer'sleasehathalltooshortadate.

Sometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimm'd;

Andeveryfairfromfairsometimedeclines,

Bychance,ornature'schangingcourse,untrimm’d;Butthyeternalsummershallnotfade,

Norlosepossessionofthatfairthouow'st.

NorshallDeathbragthouwander'stinhisshade,

Whenineternallinestotimethougrow'st.

Solongasmencanbreathe,oreyescansee,

Solonglivesthis,andthisgiveslifetothee.WilliamShakespeare

thepeakofHumanismProducedbyVikkyWilliamShakespeare(1564-1613)HewasanEnglish

poetandplaywright,widelyregardedasthegreatestwriterinthe

Englishlanguage

andtheworld’spre-eminentdramatist.HeisoftencalledEngland’s

nationalpoet,andthe“BardofAvon〞.Hewrote

38plays,154sonnets,twolong

narrativepoems,10historiesandafewotherverses,someofuncertainauthorship.LifeLiteraryWorksEvaluationCONTENTLIFEGoodfriend,forJesus’sakeforbear

Todigthedustenclosedhere

Blestbethementhatsparesthesebones

Andcurstbehethatmovesmybones

Shakespearewasburiedinthe

chancelofthe

HolyTrinityChurch

twodaysafterhisdeath.TheepitaphisLITERARYWORKSAchronologicallistofShakespeare’sPlaysHenryVI,PartIIHenryVI,PartIIIHenryVI,PartIRichardIIITheComedyofErrors1593TitusAndronicusTheTamingoftheShrew1594TheTwoGentlemenofVeronaLove'sLabour'sLostRomeoandJuliet1595RichardIIAMidsummerNight'sDream1596KingJohnTheMerchantofVenice1597HenryIV,PartIHenryIV,PartII1598MuchAdoAboutNothingHenryVTheMerryWivesofWindsor1599Julius

CaesarAsYouLikeIt1600TwelfthNight1601Hamlet1602TroilusandCressida1603All'sWellThatEndsWell1604MeasureforMeasureOthello1605KingLearMacbeth1606AntonyandCleopatra1607CoriolanusTimonofAthens1608Pericles1609Cymbeline1610TheWinter’sTale1611TheTempest1612HenryVIIIPeriodsofShakespeare’sDramaticcompositionTheFirstPeriodTheSecondPeriodTheThirdPeriodTheFourthPeriodTheFirstPeriod(1590-1594)Theperiodofhisapprenticeshipinplay-writingHistoricalplay(HenryIV,PartsI,II,andIII,RichardIII)Variesofcomedy(TheComedyofErrors,TheTamingoftheShrew,TheTwoGentlemenofVerona,Love'sLabour'sLost)Revengetragedy(TitusAndronicus)Romantictragedy(RomeoandJuliet)Narrativepoems(VenusandAdonis,TheRapeofLucrece)TheSecondPeriod(1595-1560)Theperiodof“greatcomedies〞andmaturehistoricalplays,hisSonnetsarealsothoughttobewritteninthisperiod.6comedies(AMidsummerNight'sDream,TheMerchantofVenice,TheMerryWivesofWindsor,MuchAdoAboutNothing,AsYouLikeIt,TwelfthNight)Sonnets這一時期戲劇創(chuàng)作的根本情調是樂觀，明朗的，充滿著以人文主義理想解決社會矛盾的信心，以至寫在這一時期的悲喜劇?羅密歐與朱麗葉?中，也洋溢著戲劇氣氛。盡管主人公殉情而死，但愛的理想戰(zhàn)勝死亡，換來了封建世仇的和解。TheThirdPeriod(1601-1607)Theperiodof“greattragedies〞and“darkcomedies〞5tragedies(Hamlet,Othello,KingLear,Macbeth,TimonofAthens)3comedies(TroilusandCressida,All'sWellThatEndsWell,MeasureforMeasure)2Romantragedies(AntonyandCleopatra,Coriolanus)這一時期，莎士比亞的思想和藝術走向成熟，人文主義理想同社會現實發(fā)生劇烈碰撞。他痛感理想難以實現，創(chuàng)作由早期的贊美人文主義理想轉變?yōu)閷ι鐣诎档慕衣逗团?。TheFourthPeriod(1608-1612)Theperiodofromanticdrama4romancesor“reconciliationplays〞(Pericles,TheWinter’sTale,TheTempest)Ahistoricalplay(HenryVIII)這一時期的作品往往通過神話式的夢想，借助超自然的力量來解決理想與現實之間的矛盾：作品貫穿著寬恕，和解的精神，沒有前期的歡樂，也沒有中期的陰郁，而是充滿美麗的生活夢想，浪漫情調濃郁。TheGreatComedies

TheGreatTragediesTheGreatComediesTheGreatTragediesRomeoandJulietThePoemsTwolong

narrativepoems:VenusandAdonisTheRapeofLucreceShakespeare’sSonnets(154)1-126friendshipwithayoungman127-154lovewithadarklady

Sonnet126

O

thou,

my

lovely

boy,

who

in

thy

power

Dost

hold

Time's

fickle

glass,

his

sickle,

hour;

Who

hast

by

waning

grown,

and

therein

show'st

Thy

lovers

withering

as

thy

sweet

self

grow'st;

If

Nature,

sovereign

mistress

over

wrack,As

thou

goest

onwards,

still

will

pluck

thee

back,She

keeps

thee

to

this

purpose,

that

her

skill

May

time

disgrace

and

wretched

minutes

kill.

Yet

fear

her,

O

thou

minion

of

her

pleasure!

She

may

detain,

but

not

still

keep,

her

treasure:

Her

audit,

though

delay'd,answer'd

must

be,And

her

quietus

is

to

render

thee.你，小乖乖，時光的無常的沙漏

和時辰〔他的小鐮刀〕都聽你左右；

你在虧缺中生長，并昭示群眾

你的愛人如何雕零而你向榮；

如果造化〔掌握盈虧的大主宰〕，

在你邁步前進時把你挽回來，

她的目的只是：賣弄她的手法

去丟時光的臉，并把分秒扼殺。

可是你得怕她，你，她的小乖乖！

她只能暫留，并非常保，她的寶貝！

她的賬目，雖延了期，必須清算：

要清償債務，她就得把你交還。TheHistories(10)KingJohnRichardIIHenryIV(PartsIandII)HenryVRichardIIIHenryVI(PartsI,IIandIII)HenryVIIITwotetralogies(四部曲)EVALUATIONHewasnotofanage,butforalltime.

——BenJensonThegreatestgeniusindramaofmankind——MarxAfterGo