20186月大學英語四級考試真題(第二套)與答案解析

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthe

importanceofwritingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120

wordsbutnomorethan180words.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeach

newsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Annoyed.

B)Scared.

C)Confused.

D)Offended.

2.A)Itcrawledoverthewoman'shands.

B)Itwounduponthesteeringwheel.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Astudyofthefast-foodservice.

D)Competitioninthefast-foodindustry.

4.A)Customers'higherdemands.

B)Theinefficiencyofemployees.

C)Increasedvarietyofproducts.

D)Therisingnumberofcustomers.

B)Itispromising.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeach

conversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebest

answerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)VisitingherfamilyinThailand.

B)ShowingfriendsaroundPhuket.

C)SwimmingaroundaThaiisland.

D)LyinginthesunonaThaibeach.

9.A)ShevisitedaThaiorphanage.

B)ShemetaThaigirl'sparents.

C)ShelearnedsomeThaiwords.

D)ShesunbathedonaThaibeach.

10.A)Hisclasswillstartinaminute.

B)Hehasgotanincomingphonecall.

C)Someoneisknockingathisdoor.

D)Hisphoneisrunningoutofpower.

11.A)HeisinterestedinThaiartworks.

B)Heisgoingtoopenasouvenirshop.

C)Hecollectsthingsfromdifferentcountries.

D)HewantstoknowmoreaboutThaiculture.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Buyingsomefitnessequipmentforthenewgym.

B)Openingagymandbecomingpersonaltrainers.

C)Signingupforaweight-losscourse.

D)Tryingoutanewgymintown.

13.A)Professionalpersonaltraining.

B)Freeexerciseforthefirstweek.

B)Thehighmembershipfee.

C)Therenewalofhismembership.

D)Theoperationoffitnessequipment.

15.A)Shewantsherinvitationrenewed.

B)Sheusedtodo200sit-upseveryday.

C)Sheknowsthebasicsofweight-lifting.

D)Sheusedtobethegym'spersonaltrainer.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswer

fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

onAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theytendtobenervousduringinterviews.

B)Theyoftenapplyforanumberofpositions.

C)Theyworryabouttheresultsoftheirapplications.

D)Theysearchextensivelyforemployers'information.

17.A)Getbetterorganized.

B)Edittheirreferences.

C)Findbetter-paidjobs.

D)Analyzethesearchingprocess.

18.A)Providetheirdataindetail.

B)Personalizeeachapplication.

C)Makeuseofbettersearchengines.

D)Applyformorepromisingpositions.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Ifkidsdidnotlikeschool,reallearningwouldnottakeplace.

B)Ifnotforcedtogotoschool,kidswouldbeoutinthestreets.

C)Ifschoolsstayedthewaytheyare,parentsweresuretoprotest.

B)Itisreallymarveloustolookat.

C)Itoffersfreedanceclassestoseniors.

D)Itofferspeopleachancetosocialize.

24.A)Theirstateofmindimproved.

B)Theybecamebetterdancers.

C)Theyenjoyedbetterhealth.

D)Theirrelationshipstrengthened.

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredto

selectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowing

thepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Each

choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor

eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse

anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Sincethe1940s,southernCaliforniahashadareputationforsmog.Thingsarenot

asbadastheyoncewerebut,accordingtotheAmericanLungAssociation,Los

AngelesisstilltheworstcityintheUnitedStatesforlevelsof26.Gazingdownon

thecityfromtheGettyCenter,anartmuseumintheSantaMonicaMountains,one

wouldfindtheviewofthePacificOceanblurredbythehaze(霾).Noristhestate's

badair27toitssouth.Fresno,inthecentralvalley,comestopofthelistinAmerica

foryear-roundpollution.Residents'heartsandlungsareaffectedasa28.Allof

which,combinedwithCalifornia'sreputationasthehomeoftechnological29,

makestheplaceidealfordevelopingandtestingsystemsdesignedtomonitor

pollutionin30.AndthatisjustwhatAclima,anewfirminSanFrancisco,hasbeen

doingoverthepastfewmonths.Ithasbeentryingoutmonitoringstationsthat

are31toyieldminute-to-minutemapsof32airpollution.Suchstationswillalso

beabletokeepaneyeonwhatishappeninginsidebuildings,includingoffices.

Tothisend,Aclimahasbeen33withGoogle'sStreetViewsystem.DavidaHerzl,

Aclima'sboss,saystheyhaverevealedpollutionhighsondayswhenSan

Francisco'stransitworkerswentonstrikeandthecity's34wereforcedtousetheir

cars.Conversely,"cycletowork"dayshavedonetheirjobby35pollutionlows.

A)assistedB)collaboratingC)consequenceD)consumersE)creatingF)detailG)

domesticH)frequentlyI)inhabitantsJ)innovationK)intendedL)outdoorM)

pollutantsN)restrictedO)sum

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

AsTouristsCrowdOutLocals,VeniceFaces'Endangered'List

A)Onarecentfallmorning,alargecrowdblockedthestepsatoneofVenice's

maintouristsites,theRialtoBridge.TheRialtoBridgeisoneofthefourbridges

spanningtheGrandCanal.Itistheoldestbridgeacrossthecanal,andwasthe

dividinglinebetweenthedistrictsofSanMarcoandSanPolo.Butonthisday,there

wasatwist:itwasfilledwithVenetians,nottourists.

B)"Peoplearecheeringandholdingtheircartsintheair,"saysGiovanniGiorgio,

whohelpedorganizethemarchwithagrass-rootsorganizationcalledGenerazione

'90.Thecartshereferstoaresmallshoppingcarts—thesymbolofatrueVenetian.

"Itstartedasajoke,"hesayswithalaugh."Theideawastoputbladesonthe

wheels!Youknow?LikeBenHur.Preciselylikethat,youjustgoaroundandrun

peopledown."

C)Veniceisoneofthehottesttouristdestinationsintheworld.Butthat'sa

problem.Upto90,000touristscrowditsstreetsandcanalseveryday—far

outnumberingthe55,000permanentresidents.Thetouristincreaseisonekey

reasonthecity'spopulationisdownfrom175,000inthe1950s.Theoutnumbered

Venetianshavebeensteadilyfleeing.Andthosewhostickaroundaretiredofliving

inaplacewheretheycan'tevengettothemarketwithoutswimmingthroughasea

ofpicture-snappingtourists.Imagine,navigatingthrough50,000peoplewhileon

thewaytoschoolortowork.

D)LauraChigi,agrandmotheratthemarch,saysthelocalandnational

governmentshavefailedtodoanythingaboutthecrowdsfordecades,because

they'reonlyinterestedintourism—theprimaryindustryinVenice,worthmorethan

$3billionin2015."Veniceisacashcow,"shesays,"andeveryonewantsapiece."

E)JustbeyondSt.Mark'sSquare,acruiseshippasses,oneofhundredseveryyear

thatappearovertheirmedieval(中世紀的)surroundings.Theirmassivewake

createswavesatthebottomofthesea,weakeningthefoundationsofthe

centuries-oldbuildingsthemselves."EverytimeIseeacruiseship,Ifeelsad,"Chigi

says."Youseethemuditdrags;thedestructionitleavesinitswake?Thathurtsthe

ancientwoodenpolesholdingupthecityunderwater.Onedaywe'llseeVenice

breakdown."

F)Foratime,UNESCO,theculturalwingoftheUnitedNations,seemedtoagree.

Twoyearsago,itputItalyonnotice,sayingthegovernmentwasnotprotecting

Venice.UNESCOconsiderstheentirecityaWorldHeritageSite,agreathonorthat

meansVenice,attheculturallevel,belongstoalloftheworld'speople.In2014,

UNESCOgaveItalytwoyearstomanageVenice'sflourishingtourismorthecity

wouldbeplacedonanotherlist—WorldHeritageInDanger,joiningsuchsitesas

AleppoandPalmyra,destroyedbythewarinSyria.

G)Venice'sdeadlinepassedwithbarelyamurmur(嘟噥)thissummer,justas

UNESCOwasmeetinginIstanbul.Onlyonerepresentative,JadTabetfromLebanon,

triedtoraisetheissue."Forseveralyears,thesituationofheritageinVenicehas

beenworsening,andithasnowreachedadramaticsituation,"TabettoldUNESCO.

"Wehavetoactquickly—thereisnotamomenttowaste."

H)ButUNESCOdidn'tevenholdavote."It'sbeenpostponeduntil2017,"says

AnnaSomers,thefounderandCEOofTheArtNewspaperandtheformerheadof

VeniceinPeril,agroupdevotedtorestoringVenetianart.Shesaysthemainreason

theU.N.culturalorganizationdidn'tvotetodeclareVeniceaWorldHeritageSiteIn

DangerisbecauseUNESCOhasbecome"intenselypoliticized.Therewouldhave

beensomeback-roomnegotiations."

I)ItalyboastsmoreUNESCOWorldHeritageSitesthananyothercountryinthe

world,grantingitconsiderablepowerandinfluencewithintheorganization.The

formerheadoftheUNESCOWorldHeritageCentre,whichoverseesheritagesites,

isFrancescoBandarin,aVenetianwhonowservesasUNESCO'sassistant

director-generalforculture.

J)Earlierthisyear,ItalysignedanaccordwithUNESCOtoestablishataskforceof

policeartdetectivesandarchaeologists(考古學家)toprotectculturalheritagefrom

naturaldisastersandterrorgroups,suchasISIS.TheaccordunderlinedItaly's

globalreputationasagoodstewardofartandculture.

K)ButaddingVenicetotheUNESCOendangeredlist—whichisdominatedbysites

indevelopingandconflict-riddencountries—wouldbeaninternational

embarrassment,andcouldevenhurtItaly'sprofitabletourismindustry.TheItalian

CultureMinistrysaysitisunawareofanygovernmenteffortstopressureUNESCO.

Asfortheorganizationitself,itdeclinedarequestforaninterview.

L)Thecity'scurrentmayor,LuigiBrugnaro,hasridiculedUNESCOandtolditto

minditsownbusiness,whilecontinuingtosupportthecruiseshipindustry,which

employs5,000Veniceresidents.

M)AsforVenetians,they'rebeyondfrustratedandhopingforasolutionsoon."It's

anightmareforme.Somesituationsarereallydifficultwithtouristsaround,"says

GiorgioashenavigatesaroundaswellingcrowdattheRialtoBridge."Thereare

justsomanyofthem.Theyneverknowwheretheyaregoing,anddonotwalkinan

orderlymanner.Navigatingthestreetscanbeexhausting."

N)Thenithitshim:Thiscrowdisn'tmadeupoftourists.They'reVenetians.Giorgio

sayshe'sneverexperiencedtheRialtoBridgethiswayinallhis22years."Foronce,

wearetheoneswhoareblockingthetraffic,"hesaysdelightedly."Itfeelsunreal.It

feelslikewe'resomeformofendangeredspecies.It'sjustnice.Thefeelingisjust

pure."But,heworries,iftourismisn'tmanagedandhisfellowlocalscontinueto

movetothemainland,hisgenerationmightbethelastwhocancallthemselves

nativeVenetians.

36.Thepassingcruiseshipswillunderminethefoundationsoftheancient

buildingsinVenice.

37.TheItaliangovernmenthasjustreachedanagreementwithUNESCOtotake

measurestoprotectitsculturalheritage.

38.TheheritagesituationinVenicehasbeendeterioratinginthepastfewyears.

39.ThedecreaseinthenumberofpermanentresidentsinVeniceismainlydueto

theincreaseoftourists.

40.Iftourismgetsoutofcontrol,nativeVenetiansmaydesertthecityaltogether

oneday.

41.UNESCOurgedtheItaliangovernmenttoundertakeitsresponsibilitytoprotect

Venice.

42.TheparticipantsintheVenetianmarchusedshoppingcartstoshowtheywere

100%localresidents.

43.IgnoringUNESCO'swarning,themayorofVenicemaintainshissupportofthe

city'stourismindustry.

44.OnewomansaysthatfordecadestheItaliangovernmentandlocalauthorities

45.UNESCOhasnotyetdecidedtoputVeniceonthelistofWorldHeritageSitesIn

Danger.

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysome

questionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Livinginanurbanareawithgreenspaceshasalong-lastingpositiveimpacton

people'smentalwell-being,astudyhassuggested.UKresearchersfoundmoving

toagreenspacehadasustainedpositiveeffect,unlikepayrisesorpromotions,

whichonlyprovidedashort-termboost.Co-authorMathewWhite,fromthe

UniversityofExeter,UK,explainedthatthestudyshowedpeoplelivingingreener

urbanareasweredisplayingfewersignsofdepressionoranxiety."Therecouldbea

numberofreasons,"hesaid,"forexample,peopledomanythingstomake

themselveshappier:theystriveforpromotionorpayrises,ortheygetmarried.But

thetroublewiththosethingsisthatwithinsixmonthstoayear,peoplearebackto

theiroriginalbaselinelevelsofwell-being.So,thesethingsarenotsustainable;they

don'tmakeushappyinthelongterm.Wefoundthatforsomelottery(彩票)

winnerswhohadwonmorethan￡500,000thepositiveeffectwasdefinitelythere,

butaftersixmonthstoayear,theywerebacktothebaseline."

Dr.Whitesaidhisteamwantedtoseewhetherlivingingreenerurbanareashada

lastingpositiveeffectonpeople'ssenseofwell-beingorwhethertheeffectalso

disappearedafteraperiodoftime.Todothis,theteamuseddatafromtheBritish

HouseholdPanelSurveycompiledbytheUniversityofEssex.

Explainingwhatthedatarevealed,hesaid:"Whatyouseeisthatevenafterthree

years,mentalhealthisstillbetter,whichisunlikemanyotherthingsthatwethink

willmakeushappy."Heobservedthatpeoplelivingingreenspaceswereless

stressed,andlessstressedpeoplemademoresensibledecisionsand

communicatedbetter.

Withagrowingbodyofevidenceestablishingalinkbetweenurbangreenspaces

andapositiveimpactonhumanwell-being,Dr.Whitesaid,"There'sgrowing

interestamongpublicpolicyofficials,butthetroubleiswhofundsit.Whatwe

reallyneedatapolicylevelistodecidewherethemoneywillcomefromtohelp

supportgoodqualitylocalgreenspaces."

B)Addtotheirsustainedhappiness.

C)Helpthembuildapositiveattitudetowardslife.

D)Lessentheirconcernsaboutmaterialwell-being.

47.WhatdoesDr.Whitesaypeopleusuallydotomakethemselveshappier?

A)Earnmoremoney.

B)Settleinanurbanarea.

48.WhatdoesDr.Whitetrytofindoutaboutlivinginagreenerurbanarea?

A)Howitaffectsdifferentpeople.

B)Howstrongitspositiveeffectis.

A)Theirstresswasmoreapparentthanreal.

B)Theirdecisionsrequiredlessdeliberation.

C)Theirmemoriesweregreatlystrengthened.

D)Theircommunicationwithothersimproved.

50.AccordingtoDr.White,whatshouldthegovernmentdotobuildmoregreen

spacesincities?

A)Findfinancialsupport.

B)Improveurbanplanning.

C)Involvelocalresidentsintheeffort.

D)Raisepublicawarenessoftheissue.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

YouprobablyknowabouttheTitanic,butitwasactuallyjustoneofthree

state-of-the-art(先進的)oceanshipsbackintheday.TheOlympicclassshipswere

builtbytheHarland&WolffshipmakersinNorthernIrelandfortheWhiteStarLine

company.TheOlympicclassincludedtheOlympic,theBritannicandtheTitanic.

WhatyoumaynotknowisthattheTitanicwasn'teventheflagshipofthisclass.All

inall,theOlympicclassshipsweremarvelsofseaengineering,buttheyseemed

cursedtosufferdisastrousfates.

TheOlympiclaunchedfirstin1910,followedbytheTitanicin1911,andlastlythe

Britannicin1914.Theshipshadninedecks,andWhiteStarLinedecidedtofocus

onmakingthemthemostluxuriousshipsonthewater.

Stretching269.13meters,theOlympicclassshipswerewondersofnaval

technology,andeveryonethoughtthattheywouldcontinuetobesoforquite

sometime.However,allsufferedterribleaccidentsontheopenseas.TheOlympic

gotwreckedbeforetheTitanicdid,butitwastheonlyonetosurviveandmaintain

asuccessfulcareerof24years.TheTitanicwasthefirsttosinkafterfamously

hittingahugeicebergin1912.Followingthisdisaster,theBritannichitanavalmine

in1916andsubsequentlysankaswell.

Eachshipwascoal-poweredbyseveralboilersconstantlykeptrunningby

exhaustedcrewsbelowdeck.Mostrecognizableoftheshipdesignsaretheship's

smokestacks,butthefourthstackwasactuallyjustartisticinnatureandservedno

functionalpurpose.Whiletwooftheseshipssank,theywerealldesignedwith

doublehulls(船體)believedtomakethem"unsinkable",perhapsamistakenidea

thatledtotheTitanic'sandtheBritannic'stragicend.

TheOlympicsufferedtwocrasheswithothershipsandwentontoserveasa

hospitalshipandtrooptransportinWorldWarI.Eventually,shewastakenoutof

servicein1935,endingtheeraoftheluxuriousOlympicclassoceanliners.

51.WhatdoesthepassagesayaboutthethreeOlympicclassships?

A)Theyperformedmarvellouslyonthesea.

C)Theyallexperiencedterriblemisfortunes.

D)Theyweremodelsofmodernengineering.

52.WhatdidWhiteStarLinehaveinmindwhenitpurchasedthethreeships?

A)Theircapacityofsailingacrossallwaters.

D)Thelongvoyagestheywereabletoundertake.

53.Whatissaidaboutthefourthstackoftheships?

A)Itwasamerepieceofdecoration.

B)Itwastheworkofafamousartist.

C)Itwasdesignedtoletoutextrasmoke.

D)Itwaseasilyidentifiablefromafar.

54.WhatmighthaveledtothetragicendoftheTitanicandtheBritannic?

A)Theirunscientificdesigns.

B)Theircaptains'misjudgment.

A)Shewasusedtocarrytroops.

B)ShewassunkinWorldWarI.

C)Shewasconvertedintoahospitalship.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefrom

ChineseintoEnglish.Youshoul