畢業(yè)論文格式

附錄北京工業(yè)大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院英語系本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫規(guī)范（修訂版）畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）是學(xué)生在校學(xué)習(xí)的最后階段，是培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)、分析和解決實(shí)際問題、鍛煉創(chuàng)新能力的重要環(huán)節(jié)。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）是記錄科研成果的重要文獻(xiàn)資料，也是申請(qǐng)學(xué)位的基本依據(jù)。為了保證我院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）質(zhì)量，特制定《北京工業(yè)大學(xué)外國語學(xué)院英語系本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）撰寫規(guī)范（修訂版）》。一、論文印裝畢業(yè)論文用A4紙單面打印。要符合一般學(xué)術(shù)論文的寫作規(guī)范，英文統(tǒng)一用TimesNewRoman小四號(hào)字，行間距1.5倍，標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后空一格；每頁出現(xiàn)的標(biāo)題用 4號(hào)字，并加粗，中文用宋體，中文版面頁邊距上 3cm下、左、右2.5cm;頁眉加“北京工業(yè)大學(xué)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）”字體為隸書3號(hào)字居中，字體下為長橫線，頁眉距邊界2cm；頁腳距邊界1.75cm，頁碼用小五號(hào)字底端居中。二、論文結(jié)構(gòu)及要求畢業(yè)論文由以下部分組成：封面及畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書；致謝；英文摘要、中文摘要及關(guān)鍵詞；目錄；正文；參考文獻(xiàn)；附錄。（一） 封面及畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書封面及畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書按照學(xué)校統(tǒng)一規(guī)范印制。論文中文題目不得超過 20個(gè)漢字（題目用黑體3號(hào)字），要求對(duì)論文內(nèi)容高度概括，簡明、易讀、準(zhǔn)確，可分兩行。任務(wù)書由指導(dǎo)教師填寫，并由系主任簽字。（二） 致謝對(duì)指導(dǎo)教師和論文撰寫過程中給予指導(dǎo)或協(xié)助完成的組織和個(gè)人表示感謝。要求文字簡捷、實(shí)事求是，切忌浮夸、庸俗之詞。（三） 中英文摘要及關(guān)鍵詞論文摘要是對(duì)論文內(nèi)容的簡要陳述，應(yīng)盡量概括全文主旨。包括：研究內(nèi)容、目的、方法、主要成果、特色和結(jié)論等，應(yīng)短小、精煉，不含圖表，不加注釋，具有獨(dú)立性和完整性。要求英文摘要200單詞左右，中文摘要一般為400字左右?！罢弊謽游恢镁又?。關(guān)鍵詞是反映畢業(yè)論文主題內(nèi)容的概念性名詞，供檢索文章時(shí)使用。關(guān)鍵詞條應(yīng)為通用技術(shù)詞語，不得自造關(guān)鍵詞，盡量從《漢語主題詞表》中選用。關(guān)鍵詞一般為 3~5個(gè)，按詞條外延層次（學(xué)科目錄分類），由高至低順序排列。中文關(guān)鍵詞與英文關(guān)鍵詞一般應(yīng)該保持對(duì)應(yīng)。關(guān)鍵詞排在摘要正文部分下方。（四） 目錄目錄按三級(jí)標(biāo)題編寫，要求層次清晰，且要求與正文標(biāo)題一致。一般應(yīng)包括致謝、摘要、緒論、正文主體、結(jié)論、主要參考文獻(xiàn)及附錄等。（五） 正文論文正文部分一般包括：緒論、論文主體及結(jié)論。題目中主標(biāo)題居中，副標(biāo)題左對(duì)齊。所有題目的開頭字母均須大寫， 主標(biāo)題中其它有實(shí)意詞的第一個(gè)字母也需大寫。緒論部分應(yīng)說明論文選題目的和意義，以及論文所研究的主要內(nèi)容。論文主體是論文的主要組成部分，要求層次清楚，文字表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確、通順，重點(diǎn)突出，符合一般學(xué)術(shù)論文的結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)范。格式是保證文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰、綱目分明的重要手段。撰寫不同學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域論文應(yīng)采用相應(yīng)領(lǐng)域論文的統(tǒng)一格式，同時(shí)應(yīng)參考北京工業(yè)大學(xué)本科生畢業(yè)論文規(guī)范中的相關(guān)規(guī)定， 應(yīng)保持前后統(tǒng)一，不得混雜使用。格式除題序?qū)哟瓮猓€應(yīng)包括分段、行距、字體和字號(hào)等。（六）參考文獻(xiàn)為了反映論文的科學(xué)依據(jù)和尊重他人研究成果的嚴(yán)肅態(tài)度， 同時(shí)向讀者提供有關(guān)信息的出處，正文之后一般應(yīng)刊出主要參考文獻(xiàn)。參考文獻(xiàn)一般不少于 10篇，列出文中所有引文的出處和所依據(jù)文獻(xiàn)的版本情況。條目按作者姓， 名的字母降序排列，中外文分別列出，英文在前，中文在后。具體格式根據(jù)論文研究方向可采取 MLA（適用文學(xué)方向）或APA格式（適用商務(wù)、跨文化、語言學(xué)、教學(xué)法、翻譯等方向） 。詳見范例：范例1:MLA（美國現(xiàn)代語言協(xié)會(huì)）論文格式，適用于文學(xué)方向。該格式僅供參考，具體寫作中未盡事宜請(qǐng)與導(dǎo)師請(qǐng)教。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zAcknowledgements iAbstract.. ii摘要 iiiContentsIntroduction 1Chapter1GenderandMadness 2 _2A 1 / _5A _61 _J7Chapter2RaceandMadness 8小標(biāo)題格式同上Chapter3.WomanWarriorstheRebels 9小標(biāo)題格式同上Conclusion 10Bibliography 11DocumentationofSourcesInacademicclasses,instructorsmayaskyoutodocumentthesourcesofoutsideinformationyouuseinapaper.Therearetwostepstothisprocess.Insertashortreferenceinthebodyofyourpaper.Thisiscalledanin-textcitation.Preparealistdescribingallyoursourcescompletely.ThislististitledWorksCitedandappearsasthelastpageofyourpaper.In-TextCitationsThepurposeofanin-textcitationistoreferthereadertotheworks-citedlistattheendofyourpaper.In-textcitationsarealsocalledparentheticalreferencesbecausetheyareenclosedinparentheses.Placein-textcitationsimmediatelyaftertheborrowedinformation,usuallyattheendofasentence,beforethefinalperiod.—universallanguagecouldbringcountriestogetherculturallyandeconomicallyaswellasincreasegoodfeelingsamongthen|(Kispert27).ThenameKispertinparenthesesattheendofthissentencetellsusthattheideasinthesentencecamefromaworkwrittenbyapersonwhoselastnameisKispert.Thepagenumber27isgiven,onwhichthearticleappears.In-textcitationsareasshortaspossible.Theycontainonlyenoughinformationtoallowthereadertofindthefullreferenceinthelistofworkscitedattheendofyourpaper.Herearesomeguidelines.OneAuthor(Clinton17)Usethelastnameoftheauthorandapagenumber(ornumbers,iftheborrowedinformationappearsonmorethanonepage).Usenopunctuation.TwoorMoreAuthors(BambergerandYaeger62)(Singletonetal.345)Iftherearetwoorthreeauthors,giveallthenames.Iftherearefourormore,usethefirstauthor'snameandtheLatinabbreviationetal.(—anolthers)fbllowedbyaperiod.AuthorAlreadyMentionedIfyouhavealreadymentionedtheauthor'snameinthetext,orifyouarecitingtwoconsecutivepiecesofborrowedinformationfromthesource,donotrepeatthenameinyourcitation.Forexample,ifyouintroducedtheborrowedinformationwithaphrasesuchas"AccordingtoClinton, fgiveonlythep:agenumberAsAmyLingobserves,—ForJadeSnowWong,silencewasanexternallyimposedcondition.Whenshebrokefreeofherfather 'scontrol,shebrokeintowords,reportingtheconditionsshehadovercometoarrivewhereshehad f(127).NoAuthor(—20020lympics,l.1?)arIfthereisnoauthor,useashorttitleinquotationmarks.QuotedQuotation(qtd.inHerper1)Ifyouusesomeone'swordsthatarequotedinasourcewrittenbyadifferentperson,beginthein-textcitationwiththeabbreviationqtd.in(forquotedin).EncyclopediaArticleWithNoAuthor(—GlobalWarmingIIForanencyclopediaarticle,usetheauthor'snameifyoudon 'tknowit.Ifyoudon'tknowit,usethetitleofthearticleinquotationmarks.Youdonotneedapagenumbersinceencyclopediaarticlesarearrangedalphabeticallyandareaderwillbeabletofindthesourceeasily.ElectronicSource(Kidder,par.7)(—2000Olympics,IIpar.12)(Gardiner,screens2-3)Foranelectronicsource(onlineorCD-ROM),followthesamesystemasforprintsources.Iftherearenopagenumbers,usewhatevernumberingsystemthesourcehas-sectionnumber(abbreviatedas —sec.II),paragraphnumber(abbreviatedas -or——pars.II),screennumber,ornonumber.PutacommaaftertheauthororsHierttitwhenyouuseparagraphnumbersorscreennumbers.AquotationmorethanfourlinesIfaquotationrunstomorethanfourlinesinyourpaper,setitofffromyourtextbybeginninganewline,indentingoneinch(ortenspaces)fromtheleftmargin,andtypingitdouble-spaced,withoutaddingquotationmarks.Acolongenerallyintroducesaquotationdisplayedinthisway,thoughsometimesthecontextmayrequireadifferentmarkofpunctuationornoneatall.Ifyouquoteonlyasingleparagraphorpartofone,donotindentthefirstlinemorethantherest.Aparentheticalreferencetoaprosequotationsetofffromthetextfollowsthelastlineofthequotation.Untilthen,havingbeenadocileandfilialdaughter,JadeSnownowdoesnotwanttomaintainhersilence,doesnotwanttobeanobedientdaughterandtobecomeatraditionalwomananymore;shewantstobeherself,anindependentfemale.Thus,sherebelsopenlyandfuriously:WhyshouldOlderBrotherbealoneinenjoyingthemajorbenefitsofDaddy'stoil?TherearenoancestralpilgrimagestobemadeintheUnitedStates!Ican'thelpbeingbornagirl.Perhaps,evenbeingagirl,Idon'wtanttomarry,justtoraisesons!PerhapsIhavearighttowantmorethansons!Iamaperson,besidesbeingafemale!(Wong109-110)Ifyouneedtoquotetwoormoreparagraphs,indentthefirstlineofeachparagraphanadditionalquarterin(orthreespacesonatypewriter).Ifthefirstsentencequoteddoesnotbeginaparagraphinthesource,however,donotindentittheadditionalamount.Indentonlythefirstlinesofthesuccessiveparagraphs.Wongsayssheis ——astonishedIIandhaving ——consideredthesituationanddecidedtosaynothing,IIandjust—walkedaway,eyesstraightaheadof:her,thinkingEverybodyknewthattheChinesepeoplehadasuperiorculture.Herancestorshadcreatedagreatartheritageandhadmadeinventionsimportanttoworldcivilization—thecompass,gunpowder,paper,andahostofotheressentials.Sheknew,too,thatRichard'sgradescouldn'tcomparewithherown,andhisfamilytrainingwasobviouslyamiss.Sheconcludedthatperhapstheforeignersweresimplyunwiseinthewaysofhumannature,andunawareoftheimportanceofgivingtheotherperson —face,Inomatterwhatone'spersonalopinionmightbe.Theyprobablycouldnothelptheirowninsensibility.(Wong68-69)Works-CitedListsThesecondstepincitingsourcesistolistallthesourcesyouactuallyusedinyourPaper.(Donotincludesourcesthatyoureadbutdidnotuse.)ListthemalphabeticallyBylastnameoftheauthoror,ifthereisnoauthor,bythefirstwordofthetitle(disregardingA,An,andThe).Includeinformationabouteachsourceasdescribedhere.Paycloseattentiontopunctuationandcapitalization,andindentthesecondline5spaces.Forkindsofsourcesnotincludedhere,consultamorecomprehensiveEnglishhandbook,suchasthMeLAHandbook.BookwithOneAuthorBryson,Bill.TheMotherTongue:EnglishandHowItGotThatWa.yNewYork:Avon,1991.Thisistheformofabasicbookreference.Dividetheinformationintothreeparts:(1)nameoftheauthor,(2)titleofthebook,(3)publishinginformation.Putaperiodandonespaceaftereachpart.Writetheauthor'slastnamefirstandputacommaafterit.Donotineludeaperson'stitles.Putacolonbetweenthetitleandsubtitle,andunderlineboth.Writethecityofpublication,acolon,thenameofthepublishingcompany,acomma,theyearofpublication,andaperiod.Getthisinformationfromthetitlepageorthebackofthetitlepageinsidethebook,notfromthebook'scover.Usethefirstcitylistedifthereareseveral.Includeanabbreviationforastateorcountryifthecityisunfamiliarorinanywayunclear.Usethemostrecentyear.ShortenthenameofthepublisherbyomittingwordslikePressPublishers,Books,Inc.andCo.BookwithTwoorMoreAuthorsHall,EdwardT.,andMildredReedHall.UnderstandingCulturalDifferences.Yarmouth,ME:lntercultural,1990.Usereverseorderforthefirstauthor'sname,andthenwriteallotherauthorsinnormalorder.Putacommaafterthelastnameofthefirstauthorandalsobetweenauthors.BookwithMoreThanOneEditionBaugh,AlbertC.,andThomasCableAHistoryoftheEnglishLanguage5thed.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHall,2002.Putthenumberandtheabbreviation —ed.rde(2.n4tle(ed3,andsoon)afterthetitle,followedbyaperiod.EncyclopediaArticle—IntelligeneeTest.NewEncyclopediaBritannica:Micropedia.15thed.Usetheauthor'snameifitisgiven.Sometimestheauthor'snameappearsattheendofanencyclopediaarticleandsometimesnot.Ifthereisnoauthor,putthetitleofthearticlefirst.Enclosethetitleinquotationmarks.Underlinethetitleoftheencyclopedia.Puttheeditionnumberifthereisone,ifthereisnone,usetheyear.MagazineArticleBamberger,Michael,andDonYaeger.——OvdheEdge.IISportsIllustrated14Apr.1997:62-70.Putthetitleofthearticleinsidequotationmarks.Underlinethenameofthemagazine.Includetheday,month,andyearforweeklymagazinesfollowedbyacolonandthepagenumberornumbersonwhichthearticleappears.AbbreviatethenamesofmonthsexceptMay,June,andJuly.NewspaperArticleEpstein,EdwardA.—ALessSocialSocietyIsBecomingShy.IISanFranciscoChronicle_14Sep.1995:A-1.ThisarticleappearedonpageA-lofthenewspaper.PersonalInterviewJones,John.Personalinterview.31Oct.2003.OnlineSourceKispert,RobertJ. —UniversalLangWoudjd.BookOnlineRefereneeCenter2004.WorldBook,lnc.25Mar.2004</wb/Article?id=ar576960>.Leroux,Kivi. —SubliminalMessages:PrimetimeTVProgramsEducateViewersontheEnvironment.EMagazineJuly-Aug.1999.14Sep-2004<http://www.emagazi/july-august_1999/0799curr_subliminal.html>.Citationsforonlinesourcesneedthesamebasicinformationasprintsources:author,title,anddateofpublication.Thedateofpublicationforanonlinesourceisthedateitwasputonlineorthedateitwaslastrevised.Sometimesyoucannotfindanauthororapublicationdate;inthiscase,justgivewhateverinformationyouareabletofind.Inaddition,youneedtogivethesetwopiecesofinformationforanonlinesource.Yourdateofaccess.Becauseonlinesourcesareoftenrevised,youneedtoshowexactlywhichversionyouused.Putthedateyouaccessed(visited)thesitejustbeforethesource'selectronicaddress.Theexactelectronicaddress.Copytheaddressfromthetopofyourcomputerscreenandencloseitinanglebrackets(<>).CopytheexactaddressoftheWebpageyouused,notjustthehomepageaddress.Ifyoumustdivideanaddressbecauseitistoolongtofitonaline,divideitonlyataslashmark(/).FormatoftheWorks-CitedpageAworks-citedlistiswrittenortypedonaseparatepage,whichisthelastpageofapaper.Usethefollowingformat.CapitalizethetitleoftheWorks-Citedlistandcenteritonthepage.Putthelistinalphabeticalorderbyauthor 'slastname(ortitleoftheworkifthereisnoauthor).Double-spaceeverything.Indentthesecondlineofeachcitation5spacesorl/2inch.ModelWorksCitedBamberger,Michael,andDonYaeger. —OvertlSpEdlg^Justrated14Apr.1997:62-70.Baugh,AlbertC.,andThomasCableAHistorvoftheEnglishLanguage.5thed.UpperSaddleRiver,NJ:PrenticeHall|,2002.Bruce,Meredith.Cybercrime.Newyork:Wexler,2004.Brunish,Cory.Letter.Time16Feb.2004:9.Clinton,Patrick. —MannedMarsFlight:ImpossibleDSpam?Scienee15Oct.2003:16-18.Downie,Andrew. —BrazilConsidersLinguisticBarricadHristianScienceMonitor

6Sep.2000.13Sep.2004<http://csmonitor.com/cgi-bin/durableRedirect.pl?/durable/2000/09/06/fp7s2-csm.shtml|>.Epstein,Edward. —ALessSocialSocietyIsBecomingSSnyFranciscoChronicle—Sc—ScyntepediaofMentalHealth.Henderson,Lynne,andPhilipZimbardo.SanDiego:AcademicPress,19pp.4May2004<http://www.shyness.corn/encyclopedia.html〉.Herper,Matthew.—PerformaneeDrugsOutruntheOlympi3rto.es15F^b.2002:30Mar.2004</2002/02/15/0215ped.htm>.Kispert,RobertJ.—UniversallangUage.BookIOnlineRefereneeCenterKispert,RobertJ.2004.WorldBook,Inc.12Sep.2004</wb/Article?id=ar576960>.Kluger,Jeffrey. —MissiontoMars:FirsttheRoverLands,andNowBushWantstoSendPeople.WeCanDoItEvenFasterThanPlanned,butHereIsWhatItWillTake.Time26Jan.2004:42-7l.Jones,John.Personalinterview.31Oct.2003.Leroux.Kivi. —SubliminalMessages:PrimetimeTVProgramsEducateViewersontheEnvironment.EMbgazineJuly-Aug.1999.14Sep.2004<http://www.emagazine.com/july-august_1999/0799curr_subliminal.html>.Pinker,Steven. —CanaComputerBeConsUoSsNews&WorldReport18Aug.1997:63-65.—The2000Olympics:GamesoftheDrugs?CBSNEWS.com9Sep.2000.30Mar.2004</stories/2002/01/31/health/main326667.shtml?CMP=ILC-SearchStories>.漢語文獻(xiàn)ImagecanugMotherZheng,Xian［鄭嫻］.—CulturalConnotationofMothersImagecanugMotherRelationshipinAmyTan 'sNovEd.Ai-minCheng.AStudyofChineseAmericanLiterature.Beijing:BeijingUniversityPress,2003,266-276.(“論

譚恩美小說中的‘母親形象’及母字關(guān)系的文化內(nèi)涵?”程愛民主編：《美國華裔文學(xué)研究》，北京：北京大學(xué)出版社，2003。）關(guān)于MLA格式的補(bǔ)充：最新MLA論文寫作格式1.英文文獻(xiàn)：1）單個(gè)作者的著作:Chopin,Kate.TheAwakening.NewYork:CambridgeUP,1996.2）同一作者的多部著作：Scholes,Roberts.ProtocolsofReadingNewHaven:YaleUP,1989..TextualPower:LiteraryTheoryandtheTeachingofEnglish.NewHaven:YaleUP,1985.3）兩人或多個(gè)作者的合著:Eggins,Suzanne,andDianeSladeAnalyzingCasualConversation.London:Cassell,1997.Quirk,Randolph,etal.AComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguageLondon:Longman,1985.4）文章Nelles,William.-EdnaPontelliersRevoltagainstNature.IIAmericanLiteratureAusten,Jane.PrideandPrejudice.Ed.HenryChurchyard.1996.10Sept.1998</janeinfo/pridprej.html>.范例2:APA(美國心理學(xué)學(xué)會(huì))格式，適用于商務(wù)英語、跨文化、語言學(xué)、教學(xué)法、翻譯等研究方向。該格式僅供參考，具體寫作中未盡事宜請(qǐng)與導(dǎo)師請(qǐng)教。注：更多關(guān)于APA寫作格式的要求可以參閱FormandStyle:Researchpapers,reportsandtheses,(中文名：如何寫研究論文與學(xué)術(shù)報(bào)告),tenthedition.ByCaroleSlade,foreignIanguageteachingandresearchpress,ISBN978-7-5600-1963-5ContentsAcknowledgements . .-.-.iTOC\o"1-5"\h\zAbstract ..… ii摘要 ..ivContents vChapteOneIntroduction 1ChapterTwoBusinessEnglsihandTrademarkTranslation 2 3 3 5 62.2.1 6 7ChapterThreeStrategiesAdopted 8小標(biāo)題格式同上ChapterFourConclusion 9References 9引文格式：直接引用要加引號(hào)，女口Newmark(1980:66)haspointedout …用四行以上長段引文應(yīng)單獨(dú)成段，上、下各空一行，并縮進(jìn)四格(半角) 、左對(duì)齊、字號(hào)較正文小一號(hào)，不加引號(hào)，句號(hào)在引文結(jié)束后、括號(hào)前。如： (Newmark1980:66)夾注格式：對(duì)論文的引文和所依據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)以夾注的形式在括號(hào)內(nèi)注明作者姓，出版年和引文頁碼。例如：(Yao1981:85)或(Bloomfield1933:203)。如引用同一作者同年兩部以上著作可 (Newmark1980a:90)或(Newmark1980b:90)，以此類推。參考文獻(xiàn)(References)格式：APA格式不采用文獻(xiàn)編號(hào)的方式排列。中文部分和英文部分分開排列，但均以作者姓氏字母(由A到Z)依序排列。在此列出的文獻(xiàn)必須都是在內(nèi)文中引用到的，內(nèi)文中沒有引用過的文獻(xiàn)不