Unit+4+Grammar 牛津譯林版九年級英語上冊

Unit4Growingup——GrammarTolearntousethefollowingconjunctionstointroducetimeclauses:usingbefore,after,whenandwhileusingsince,tillanduntilusingassoonasandwheneverObjectivesPART.01GrammarADoyouknowhim?Howmuchdoyouknowabouthim?________hewasborn,hewasbelievedtobecomeafuturebasketballstar.2.08m&1.88mBeforeMakeaguessaboutYaoMing’slegend!Whenhewas9,Afterhetooksomebasketballtraining,While(hewas)attendingjuniorhigh,heshowedhistalentinthegame.hejoinedtheShanghaiYouthTeam.hetooksomebasketballtraining.時間狀語從句是指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)時間狀語的句子。如：

Whentheweatherisgood,mygrandpalikesgoingfishing.當(dāng)天氣好的時候，我爺爺喜歡去釣魚。Thesuncameoutafterthestormstopped.暴風(fēng)雨停止后，太陽出來了。注意：我們可以用before,after,when和while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，這些詞既可放在句首，也可放在句中。before,after,when和while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句1.Heremainedthereforaboutayear_______theNBAtooknoticeofhim.(P51)2._______hegraduated,hewasforcedtoplayinanotherbasketballleague.(P51)3.______hefinallygotthechance,hescored20pointsinhisfirstgame.(P50)4._______(hewas)attendingjuniorhigh,Spudtriedoutfortheschoolteam.(P50)5.Sometimesweforget_______weshouldstop.(P37)6.Itcancheeryouup_______youarefeelingsad.(P23)beforeAfterWhenWhilewhenwhen7.Outside,peoplewererunninginalldirections______piecesofglassandbrickswerefallingdown.(8AU8)8.Timmywastrappedinadarkplace_______theearthquakestopped.(8AU8)9.Hestayedwiththeboyandplayedwithhimfortwohours________theboy’sparentscame.(7BU7)10._______thechildrenhavefun,parentscantakedancelessonsonthebeach.A.WhenB.IfC.BeforeD.Once11._______Igotback,Ifoundmymothercookingforme.A.WhenB.BeforeC.SinceD.AlthoughwhileafterbeforeHowtouse“before”&“after”?Beforehewasborn,hewasbelievedtobecomeafuturebasketballstar.Afterhetooksomebasketballtraining,heshowedhistalentinthegame.afterbeforeatanearliertimethanatalatertimethanbefore的意思是“在……之前”，表示主句動作發(fā)生在從句動作之前。如：Closethewindowsbeforeyouleavetheroom,please.在你離開房間前，請關(guān)上窗。Mary

hadfinishedherhomeworkbeforehermotherreturned.

Itwasalongtimebeforewemetagain.

Itwillbenotlong

beforeyoufindyouarewrong.

it+be+時間段+before…after意思是“在……之后”，表示主句的動作發(fā)生在從句的動作之后。如：IwenttoschoolafterIfinishedmybreakfast.我吃完早飯去上學(xué)。after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句如果具有將來意義，往往要用一般現(xiàn)在時來表示。如：誤：I’lltellhimafteryouwillleave.正：I’lltellhimafteryouleave(或haveleft).你走了之后我再告訴他。尤其是當(dāng)從句的謂語動詞是get,arrive,see,hear,leave,return等表示迅速完成的動作的動詞時,強調(diào)主從句動作同時發(fā)生，或幾乎同時發(fā)生.Howtouse“when”&“while”?Whenhewas9,hetooksomebasketballtraining.While(hewas)attendingthejuniorhigh,hejoinedtheShanghaiYouthTeam.when既指時間點，也可指一段時間；因此when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性動詞或延續(xù)性動詞

while只指一段時間，while從句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。when意思是“當(dāng)……時候”1)表示主句動作發(fā)生的時候，從句的動作也發(fā)生了，或者表示兩個動作先后緊接著發(fā)生，常用于兩個短暫性動詞。如：Thedaysgetlongerwhenspringcomes.春天到來時，白天變長了。WhenIgothomeyesterday,itbegantorain.昨天我到家時，天開始下雨了。when意思是“當(dāng)……時候”3)表示主句動作在進行的時候，從句的動作發(fā)生了，主句動作用延續(xù)性動詞，從句動作用短暫性動詞。如：Whentheteachercamein,theyweretalking.老師進來的時候，他們正在說話。2)表示一個動作發(fā)生的時候，從句的動作正在進行，主句動作用短暫性動詞，從句動作用延續(xù)性動詞，這時while可以用when替換。如：當(dāng)男孩子們踢足球時，天開始下雨了。Whentheboyswereplayingfootball,itbegantorain.=Whiletheboyswereplayingfootball,itbegantorain.Whilemysisterwassweepingthefloor,Iwaswashingthedishes.我姐姐掃地時，我在洗碗。while意思是“當(dāng)……時候”，可以表示主句動作和從句動作是同時發(fā)生的，此時while不能替換為when.如：注意：while引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。注意：在when和while引導(dǎo)的從句中，當(dāng)主句和從句的主語一致，并且從句中有be動詞時，可以省略主語和be動詞，構(gòu)成when/while+-ing結(jié)構(gòu)。如：When(sheis)introuble,shealwaysasksformyhelp.她遇到困難時總是向我求助。While(Iam)travelling,Iliketobuysomesouvenirs.旅游時我喜歡買紀(jì)念品。Thechildrenwererunningtomovethebagofricewhen

theyheardthesoundofamotorbike.孩子們正要跑過去搬開那袋米，這時他們聽到了摩托車的聲音。Heisstrongwhilehisbrotherisweak.他長得很結(jié)實，而他弟弟卻很瘦弱。注意：when和while還可作并列連詞。

when表示“在那時”；

while表示“而，卻”，表對照關(guān)系。如：Davidiswritinginhisdiaryaboutoneofhisdays.Helphimcombinehissentencesusingbefore,after,whenorwhile.1.Igojoggingeverymorning.ThenIhavebreakfast.________________________________________________2.Ipractisedplayingbasketballforhours.Ifelttiredout.________________________________________________3.ImetPeter.Iwaswaitingatthebusstop.________________________________________________4.IwaswatchingTV.Ireceivedacallfrommyuncle.________________________________________________5.Iwasreadytogotobed.Myfathercamebackfromwork.________________________________________________IgojoggingeverymorningbeforeIhavebreakfast.AfterIpractisedplayingbasketballforhours,Ifelttiredout.ImetPeterwhile/when

(Iwas)waitingatthebusstop.While(Iwas)watchingTV,Ireceivedacallfrommyuncle.Iwasreadytogotobedwhenmyfathercamebackfromwork.Youshouldturnoffthelights_________youleavetheroom.=Youshouldturnoffthelights_____________

theroom.2.Tomwenttoschool________hefinishedhisbreakfast.=______________hisbreakfast.3.Timepassedquicklyandthreemonthswentby

__________Iknewit.4.Thesuncameout________thestormstopped.Filltheblankswith“before”&“after”beforebeforeleavingafterafterfinishingbeforeafterbefore/after+句子或doing形式Thedaysgetlonger_________springcomes.___________theboyswereplayingfootball,itrained.3.Iwasabouttoleave_______thephonerang.4.Jackisstrong______hisbrotherisweak.4.___________(sheis)introuble,shealwaysasksmeforhelp.Filltheblankswith“when”&“while”whenWhen/whilewhen當(dāng)主句和從句主語一致且從句中有be動詞時，可省略從句的主語和be動詞whileWhen/while正在此時，突然……表對比5.While______,hereceivedacallfromhismum.theTVwason B.hewaswatchingTVC.hewatchedTV D.heiswatchingTVBPART.01GrammarBHowabouthisbasketballcareerlater?________hewas18yearsold,hejoinedthenationalbasketballteam.When________hejoinedthenationalbasketballteam,hehaswonmanycompetitions.Sincesince在一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時的延續(xù)形。Whyishesofamousallovertheworld?He_______getthechancetobeaworld-famoussuperstar_______hejoinedtheNBA.He_______practicedplayingbasketballveryhard__________theyear2011,whenheendedhisbasketballcareer.didn’tuntil/until/tillHaveatry1.You’vebeenhappy_________Ifirstmetyou.(P48)2.Donotwakemeup________youfinishyourwork.(P48)3.Itmovedupovermystomachandneck_______itwasstandingnearmyface.(8BU4)4.I’velivedhere________Iwasborn.(8BU1)5.They’llsay“excuseme”andbepoliteenoughtowait________youmove.(8BU5)6.Tigerswait_______itisdark,thengoouttofindtheirfood.A.sinceB.until

C.asD.becausesinceuntiluntilsincetillsince,till和until常用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。如：MrBrownhasbeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.自從你離開，布朗先生就一直待在北京。Iworkedtill/untilhecameback.我一直工作到他回來為止。since,till和until引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句since意思是“自從……以來”。一般情況下，從句謂語動詞用一般過去時，而主句的謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：Theyhavebeenfriendssincetheywereatprimaryschool.他們從小學(xué)起就一直是好朋友。注意：since引導(dǎo)的從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)性動詞，也可以是瞬間性動詞，但主句的動詞必須用延續(xù)性的。(1)接時間點：如Ihavestayedinthatcountrysince1995.(2)接一段時間+ago：如Theyhavelivedinthathousesincetwoyearsago.(3)接時間狀語從句：如IhavelovedhersinceImetherlasttime./Lilyhasstayedathomesincesheleftschool.句型“It’s/Ithasbeen+一段時間+since+時間狀語從句”中，譯作“自從…以來，已經(jīng)…(時間)了”。從句的動詞用一般過去時，而且須是瞬間性動詞。如：It’s/hasbeenthreemonthssincehemovedtothiscity.自從他搬到這座城市以來，已經(jīng)有三個月了。句型“一段時間+haspassedsince+時間狀語從句”中，譯作“自從…以來，…(時間)已經(jīng)過去了”，從句的謂語動詞用一般過去時，而且須是瞬間性動詞。如：Threemonthshaspassedsincehemovedtothiscity.(6)注：當(dāng)since用于否定句時，主句的謂v.可以是終止性動詞。如Hehasn’tseenthefilmsincelastmonth.(7)相關(guān)詞組：“從那時起”：eversince、sincethen、fromthenon.注:eversince作為一個詞組,放句尾可單獨使用如:Ihavegivenupsmokingeversince.另外，還可在since后接句子。since前加ever，只是加重語氣而已。如:IhavegivenupsmokingeversinceIcaughtabadcough.since還可引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，譯作“由于；既然”，語氣較弱，一般強調(diào)已知的事實。而because通常表示直接的原因。because引導(dǎo)的從句表示直接而明確的原因和理由，表示按因果關(guān)系的推斷，語氣很強，用來回答why的問題，

一般位于主句之后。例：Wecouldn’tgooutbecauseitwastoocold.因為天氣太冷，我們不能外出。如:Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.既然你回答不出這個問題，我就問別人了。2.Howtousetillanduntil

a.用于肯定句作“直到……為止”解時，主句的動詞一般是延續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間為止。例如：

1).Hewaitsuntil/tillthechildrenareasleep.

他等著直到孩子們睡熟。

2).Ishallstayhereuntil/tilltwelveo'clock.

我將留在這里一直到十二點鐘。

b.用于否定句作“在……以前”、“直到……才（開始）”。主句中的謂語動詞是瞬時動詞/非延續(xù)性動詞的，它所表示的動作直到until/till

所表示的時間才發(fā)生。必須用否定形式，即“not…until”結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“”例如：

IdidnotgotobeduntilIfinishedmyhomework.直到做完作業(yè)我才上床睡覺。c.用于“not...until...”的句式可以轉(zhuǎn)換成when或after引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，但主句必須要用肯定形式。1).Theydidn'tgetoffuntilthetraincametoacompletestop.=Theygotoffafterthetraincametoacompletestop.火車停了他們才下車。/在火車完全停下來以后他們下車2).Thestudentwon'tcomeintotheclassroomuntiltheteachersfinishtheirwork.=Thestudentswillcomeintotheclassroomwhen/after

theteachersfinishtheirwork.當(dāng)老師們完成工作時，學(xué)生們將走進教室。d.用于延續(xù)性動詞的肯定或否定句中，但含義不同。例如：1).Themeetingcontinueduntil/till7:00.會議一直開到七點。2).Wedidn'thavethemeetinguntil/till7:00.直到七點我們才開始會議。用于“Itis/wasnotuntil...that”或含有“not...until...”的強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)中，其中的until不能改為till。

1).Itwasnotuntilthefilmhadbegunthathearrived.直到電影開始他才到。2).Itisnotuntil8:00thatwebeginourclasseveryday.我們每天八點開始上課。hechangedhismind..itstoppedrainingatmidnight.f.Notuntil放在句首時，句子要倒裝，其中的until不能改為till。1).Notuntilthelastmomentdidhechangehismind.直到最后一刻他才改變主意。herearesomestudents.

2).Notuntilmidnightdiditstopraining.直到午夜雨才停。g.句首通常只用until,不用till。1).Untilthen,Iknewnothingatallaboutit.在那之前，我對此事一無所知。2).UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.在你告訴我之前，我對此一無所知。h.某些固定詞組或諺語中通常只用till。

1).frommorningtillnight

從早到晚。2).uptillnow直到現(xiàn)在until/till直到。。。才not....until======after/when句子轉(zhuǎn)換ididn’twakeupuntil7o’clockIwokeupwhenitwas7until位于句首Notuntil....+did+主語+動詞原型untilthenfrommorningtillnight/uptillnow1.Ihavebeencrazyaboutplayingbasketball________Iwasalittleboy.2.Theweatherhasbeenawful糟糕的thisweek.Theraindidnotstop________yesterdayevening,sowecouldnotpractisebasketballforseveraldays.3.Weplayedbasketballintheplaygroundthisafternoon________itwasgettingdark.4.Itisthefirsttimewehaveplayedbasketball_______Monday.Weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.5.Iwaitedfor20minutesatthebusstop________thebusarrived.6.ItisFridayevening.Iwillnotgotobed________IfinishwatchingmyfavouriteTVprogramme.sinceuntiltill/untilsincetill/untiluntilPART.01GrammarCWhatdidhedoafterheendedhiscareer?____________(一…就…)heendedhiscareer,hebecameacollegestudent.Hewilltakepartinthecharity__________(任何時候)heisneeded.Assoonaswhenever注意：whenever可以用everytime替換。Haveatry1.__________youclickthemouse,there’sagreatdealofinformation.(P49)2.…andIcanreadthem___________Iwantto.(P49)3.Itbegantorain____________Ileftthehouse.(P56)4.Iwillsendyouane-mailassoonasI________inCanada.A.arriveB.arrivedC.amarriving

D.willarriveAssoonaswheneverassoonasassoonas和whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句我們常用assoonas和whenever引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。如：AssoonasIarriveinCanada,Iwillcallyou.我一到加拿大，就給你打電話。Wheneverhemetus,hesmiledatus.他每次遇見我們，都向我們微笑。D.Usingassoonasandwheneverassoonas

的用法一般是兩種情況：

1)指未發(fā)生的動作，規(guī)律是：主句一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時

如：Hewillvisityouassoonashegetsthere.他一到那里就會去拜訪你。

注：有時,為了特意表達剛剛完成某事就如何如何,需要用現(xiàn)在完成時。

如：IwillgowithyouassoonasIhavewashedmyface.

2）指緊接著發(fā)生的兩個短動作，主從句都用一般過去時如：HetookouthisEnglishbooksassoonashesatdown.

他一坐下就拿出了英語書Webegantoworkassoonaswegotthere.

我們一到那里就開始工作。

不過，我也見過從句和主句都用一般現(xiàn)在時的情況。如：

Assoonashefinisheshisclasswork,herunsoutoftheclass.

他一做完課堂作業(yè)，就跑出了教室。

whenever意思是“每當(dāng)，任何時候，無論何時”，whenever可以用everytime,nomaatter替換。如:Helikeslisteningtomusicwheneverhehastime.每當(dāng)他有時間的時候，他喜歡聽音樂。Whenevershecomes,shebringsafriend.她每次來都帶個朋友。I’lldiscussitwithyouwheneveryoulike.不論何時，你愿意什麼時候我就什麼時候和你商量這件事.SimoniswritingaboutDavid’sloveforbasketball.HelpSimoncompletehissentenceswithassoonasorwhenever.1.Davidoftengoestoplaybasketball__________schoolisover.2.HewatchestheNBA_________thereisagameonTV.3.____________hetalksaboutbasketball,hegetsexcited.4.___________helearntthattheNBAplayerswouldcometoChina,hetriedhisbesttogetaticket.assoonaswheneverWheneverAssoonasDavidiswritingaboutYaoMing,hisfavoritebasketballstar.Helphimcompletehisarticlewiththecorrectconjunctionsyouhavelearntinthisunit.YaoMingwasborninShanghaiin1980.hegothisfirstbasketball(1)_________hewasonlyfouryearsold,buthedidnotbecomeseriousaboutbasketball(2)_________hewas12.YaojoinedtheHoustonRocketsin2002andbecamethebestChineseplayertoeverplayintheNBA.(3)____________hewenttotheUSA,heknewlittleEnglish,buthequicklylearntthelanguage.Thebestmomentinhiscareerwasin2004—hescored41pointsinagameagainsttheAtlantaHawks.whenuntilWhen/BeforeWhenYaoMingwaslivingintheUSA,hereturnedtoChina(4)__________hewasneeded.HetookpartintheOlympicsin2004andin2008asoneoftheChineseathletes.(5)____________heendedhisbasketballcareer,Yaohasdonemorecharitywork,esp