學案“十校聯(lián)賽”一等獎

GrammarLearningaboutlanguage1.Lookatthereadingpassageagaintofindwordsandexpressionsthatmeanthesame.

AlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextbreakdownfoodusingteethoutercoveringofabodyorplantchewskinAlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextthelowerpartorpointofsomethingbehappyandsatisfiedwith;notwantingmorebottombecontentwithAlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextsurprisegreatlyineverypartofspecial,morethanusefulastonishthroughoutparticularAlternativeexpressionsWordsandexpressionsfromthetextsomeoneorsomethingthatisnotsuccessfulextremelygoodwhenwaterishotenoughtoturnintogasfailureoutstandingboil2.Completethepassagewithsomeofthewordsandexpressionsaboveinthecorrectform.OnceIhadadog.Hewasalwayshungry.Onedayhetriedto____apairofmyshoes.It_________methathewasabletoseparatethebottomoftheshoefromtheupperpartandthechewastonishedlaces.Not_________withsuchastrangedinner,herwentintothegardenandstartedtoeata_________flowerofmine.IthappenedthatthisflowerwasanewspecieswhichIhadbeengrowing___________thesummer.Iwantedtoputitintothenextflowershowandwithoutitmyworkwouldcontented

particular

throughoutendin______.Irushedacrossthegardentosaveitbutsuddenlyfelloverandhurtthe

____

onmyarm.Allthistimethedogsatandatemyflowerlookingasifhewasenjoyingitverymuch.failureskinWordformationNotetheconnectionbetweenthenounandadjectiveformsofthewords.

NounAdjectiveNounAdjectiveenjoymentdifficultentertain-mentcrueltymouthhonestyhelpfortuneenjoyabledifficultyentertainingcruelmouthfulhonesthelpfulfortunateSuffixExample-able-ing-fulvaluablelovablecomfortablemoveablemiserableamusingmisleadingfreezingrelaxingpromising

hopefulcheerfulusefulwonderfulrespectful

SuffixExample-less-ed-ish-iveendlesshomelessharmlessvoicelesshelplessexcitedinterestedbelovedboiledagedamazed

IrishchildishselfishSpanishactiveattractiveexpensiveinstructive

SuffixExample-ate-ant-lyfortunateaffectionatepassionateimportantpleasantignorant

friendlyorderlycostlylovelydeeply

-ing形式作定語,賓語補足語和表語的用法一、-ing形式作定語

1.單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面，既可以表示被修飾者的作用或功能，也可以表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如：

buildingmaterials=materialsforbuilding建筑材料drinkingwater=waterfordrinking飲用水a(chǎn)walkingstick=astickforwalking手杖areadingroom=aroomforreading閱覽室awritingdesk=adeskforwriting寫字臺

tiringmusic=musicthatistiring煩人的音樂

asurprisingresult=aresultthatissurprising

一個驚人的結果

2.-ing形式短語作定語時,放在所修飾的名詞之后,并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。如：Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.

他們住在一間面朝街的房子。

Theman

standingthere

isPeter’sfather.=Theman

whoisstandingthere

isPeter’sfather.

站在那兒的那個人是彼得的父親。Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriverwillbefined.

在這條河里游泳的任何一個人都會被罰款。3.-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語，相當于一個非限制性定語從句，這時，它與句子其他部分用逗號分開。如：

Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.

他那個當教師的哥哥住在北京。Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.

那棵蘋果樹碩果累累，在微風中輕輕搖曳。二、-ing形式作賓語補足語

1.1)動詞-ing形式作賓語補足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個正在進行的主動性的動作，強調一個過程或一種狀態(tài)。如：

Whenwereturnedtotheschool,wefoundastrangerstandingattheentrance.

當我們回到學校時,發(fā)現(xiàn)一個陌生人站在大門口。Wefoundthesnakeeatingtheeggs.

我們發(fā)現(xiàn)蛇正在吃雞蛋。

Ifoundabaglyingontheground.

我發(fā)現(xiàn)地板上放著一個包。

Thebosskepttheworkersworkingthewholenight.

那老板讓工人整夜地工作。2）當主句轉換為被動結構時,原來作賓語補足語的動詞-ing形式便轉換為主語補足語。如：

Theyfoundtheresultverysatisfying.=Theresultisfoundverysatisfying.

這個結果很令人滿意。Theyheardhimsinginginthenextroom.=Hewasheardsinginginthenextroom.

有人聽到他在隔壁房間唱歌。

Wemustn’tkeepthemwaiting.=Theymustn’tbekeptwaiting.

千萬不能讓他們等。

2.能用-ing形式作賓語補足語的幾類動詞:

1)表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞，常見的有see,hear,feel,smell,find,notice,observe,lookat,listento等。如：

Wesawalightburninginthewindow.Ifeltsomebodypatting

meontheshoulder.Canyousmellanythingburning?Ashespoke,heobservedeverybodylookingathimcuriously.Listentothebirdssinging.Ididn’tnoticehimwaiting.2)表示指使意義的動詞，常見的有have,set,keep,get,catch,leave等。如：Iwon’thaveyoudoing

that.Thissetmethinking.I’msorrytohave

keptyouwaiting.Ican’tgettheclockgoingagain.Youwon’tcatchmedoingthatagain.你看吧，我決不會做那種事了。

3.see,hear,feel,watch等動詞之后用-ing形式和動詞不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別：

Wepassedbytheclassmatesandsawtheteachermakingtheexperiment.

我們走過教室，看見老師在做實驗。

（只在走過教室的剎那間，看見老師正在做實驗）

①前者表示動作正在進行，而后者表示（或強調）動作從開始到結束的全過程。如:Wesatanhourandwatchedtheteachermaketheexperiment.

我們坐了一個小時，看老師做實驗。

（一個小時之內一直在看老師作實驗）

②如果賓語補足語是短暫性動詞，動詞不定式短語表示一次動作，而-ing形式則表示反復動作。如：

Weheardthedoorslam.Weheardthedoorslamming.(反復動作)(一次動作)

三、-ing形式作表語

-ing形式作表語時放在系動詞之后，用來泛指某種動作或行為，以說明主語的身份、性質或情況。如：

Herhobbyispainting.

她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。

Myjobislookingafterthechildren.

我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。Hisconcernforhismotherismost

touching.

他對母親的關愛很感人。

Shewasverypleasinginherappearance.ExercisesPointouttheusageofthe–ingform.1.Doyoufinditfunnytoseesomeoneslidingonabananaskin,bumpingintosomeoneelseroundacorner,orfallingdownaholeintheroad?

sliding,bumping,falling

作賓語補足語2.Hebecamefamousforusingaparticularformofacting,includingmimeandfarce.

using作介詞for的賓語

including作狀語3.…Buthewaslivedbyallwhowatchedthefilmsforhisdeterminationinovercomingdifficultiesandbeingkindevenwhenpeoplewereunkindtohim.

overcoming作介詞賓語4.ThatwastheproblemfacingCharlieChaplininoneofhismostfamousfilms.

facing作定語

5.Heloveditbyusingnonverbalhumor.

using作介詞賓語6.Theirjobis“panningforgold”.

panning作表語

7.Finallyhetriescuttingandeatingthebottomoftheshoe.

cutting,eating作賓語ExplainthefollowingphrasesinsimpleEnglish.asleepingbagasleepingboyadrinkingcupadrinkinghorseAbagforsleepingAboythatissleepingAcupfordrinkingAhorsethatisdrinkingadancinghalladancinggirlacookingpotamovingstoryAhallfordancingAgirlthatisdancingApotforcooking

AstorythatismovingawashingmachineAterrifyingsoundanoperatingtableaninspiringleaderAmachineforwashingAsoundthatisterrifyingAtableforoperatingAleaderwhoisinspiring

從A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

1.Don’tleavethewater_______whileyoubrushyourteeth.A.run B.runningC.beingrunD.torun2.TellMarythatthere’ssomeone____forheratthedoor.

A.waiting B.waited C.waits D.towait3.The_______waitercameuptousandsaid,“Youarewelcome.”

A.smiling B.smiled C.smile D.tosmile4.Aphonecallsenthim_______tothehospital.

A.hurry B.hurrying C.tohurry D.hurried5.Doyouknowtheboy_______underthebigtree?A.lay B.lain C.layingD.lying6.IcanhardlyimaginePeter_______acrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.A.sail B.tosailC.sailing D.tohavesailed7.Therearelotsofplacesofinterest_______inourcity.

A.needsrepairing B.needingrepaired

C.neededrepairing D.needingtoberepaired8.Thedrunkenhusbandknockedagainstthetableandsentthebowls_______inalldirectionsbeforehewassent_______byhiswife.

A.flying;tosleep B.flying;sleep