語法定語從句

定語從句AttributiveClause劉老師歡迎你電話騰訊微博廣外培訓(xùn)劉老師定語從句1為什么我們需要定語：請看下句：人不是人錢比錢多2帶有定語的詞組：一本昂貴的書一個迷人的女生3當(dāng)定語也變成從句（定語中有動詞時）愛我的人我愛的人一個有趣的句子：愛我的人不是我愛的人(定語從句是不是很重要？)Don’tforgettheonewhohelpedyou.Don’thatetheonewholovedyou.Don’tcheattheonewhobelievesyou.Thefirstpersonwhocomestoyourmindwhenyoucloseyoureyesatnightorwhenyouopenyoureyesinthemorningistheonewhobroughtyouhappinessorbrokeyourheart.定語從句關(guān)鍵詞：從句（句中句）

定語：修飾名詞或代詞

引導(dǎo)詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞）：放在從句句首，帶領(lǐng)從句的詞。定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分典型的帶定語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)：Subject(+定從）+verb+object(+定從）定語從句請仔細(xì)觀察：Thegirlwho/thatlovesmeisnottheonewho(m)Ilove.Themoneywhich/thatIborrowedfromothersismorethanthatwhichIlenttoothers.Hewho/thatlovesotherswillbeloved.Hewho/thatlaughslast

laughsbestOnewho/thatdoesn’trespectotherswillnotberespected.Shegavetheringthat

/whichhadbeengivenbyher

lover

tothemanwho/whom/thatsheloved.Theonlypersonwhoiscapableofbreakingyourheartistheoneyoulovemorethananybodyelseintheworld.Iknowthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.Thisistheteacherwhoselessonsthestudentsliketohave.Thedriveristhemanfromwhoseroomshehadstolenthegoldwatch.Languageisatoolbymeansofwhichpeoplecommunicateideaswitheachother.問：引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做什么?從句放在哪兒？當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做賓語時可省略，上面哪些引導(dǎo)詞可省略?你還觀察到什么？劉老師歡迎你電話騰訊微博廣外培訓(xùn)劉老師定語從句who在從句中作主語或賓語，指人。which在從句中作主語或賓語，指物。that在從句中作主語或賓語，指人或物。做賓語時引導(dǎo)詞可省略。Whose在定語從句中做定語，和它后面的名詞一起提前做引導(dǎo)詞。從句中的介詞可以跟引導(dǎo)詞一起提前，但介詞后只能接which或whom.劃出下列句中的定語從句ThenurseIgavethemedicinetoisoverthere.Whereisthebookyouwerereadinglastnight?IputthemedicineIneedtotakeintomybag.Thehospitalwhichshewenttoopenedlastyear.Themanwhowasjustpassingbysawwhathadhappened.Thefilmtheyaretalkingaboutisveryinteresting.ThepersonyoushouldwritetoisMr.Ball.Themanwhoyouwenttoseehascome.定語從句定語從句的產(chǎn)生：Iamreadingabook.Thebookisaboutarobbery.Iamreadingabookthat

isaboutarobbery.（看紅色的是否是完整句）

Sheiswearinganecklace.Thenecklaceisbeautiful.Thenecklace(which)sheiswearingisbeautiful.JointhetwosentencestogetherIthankedtheman.Hehelpedmetothepostoffice.Ihatethosepersons.Theyalwaysspeakillofothersbehind.Heisagoodcat.Hecatchesmice.Thehouseisnearabeautifullake.TheGreen’sliveinthehouse.ThenurselostherlifeinthestruggleagainstSARS.SheworkedinahospitalinGuangzhou.Thenecklaceisveryexpensive.Itismadeofdiamond.BrazilJapanEgyptEnglandVaticanTheUSASouthAfricaTheDeadSeaAustralia

isthe

country

which

place

isthelowestonlandhasthestrongestnationalpowerhasthemostearthquakes.hasthesmallestareawonthemostFIFAWorldCupshasthemostfamousplaywritershasthemostdiamondsintheworld.whichhasthekangaroo.whichhasthelargestpyramid.Fillintheblankswithwho/which/thatA:Doesanyofthesemenlookliketherobber____yousaw?B:Er---I’mnotsureA:Lookcarefully.Whatabouttheone___iswearingsunglasses?B:No,itwasn’thim.Theman____Isawhadblackhair.A:Wasitlong?B:No,hehadhair____wasquiteshort.Andhehadverysmalleyes.A:Canyourememberanythingelseabouthim?B:Yes.Hehadamouth____wasquitesmall.A:Isthistheman_____yousaw?B:Yes,that’shim!That’stherobber.定語從句PutthefollowingintoEnglish:Doyouknowtheman_____________________________(剛才跟你說話的人）？Howcanyouloveaman_____________________?(一個如此驕傲的人）ididn’tseethecar____________________。(把我撞倒的）Theboy____________________________(坐在我身后的）isfromKorea.Themathsproblem__________________________(沒人能解出的）isreallytoodifficult.People_________________________________________(用信用卡在網(wǎng)上購物的）mustbeverycareful.whowastalkingtoyoujustnowwhoissoproudthatknockedmedownwhoissittingbehindmethatnobodycanworkout（that可以省略嗎？）whousecreditcardstobuythingsonline錯在哪里找出下列定語從句中的錯誤。Thefilmtheysawitlastnightisexciting.Thepenhehastakenitawayismine.ThebagIleftitonthebusyesterdayhassomethingimportantinit.Thehospitalshewenttoopenlastyear.Theprogramthatyouarelisteningtoattractmanyyoungpeople.注意：1。引導(dǎo)詞that,which,who在句中做什么成份？引導(dǎo)詞替換的詞還在嗎。看第一句：Thefilmisexciting.Theysaw

it

lastnight.Thefilm(that)theysawlastnightisexciting.2。去掉定語從句后，再讀句子找錯誤。看第四句：Thehospitalopenlastyear.錯在哪兒？劉老師歡迎你電話騰訊微博廣外培訓(xùn)劉老師再改一改Thewomanthatyouvisitedherlastweekisafamouswriter.Thehouseheislookingforitisveryexpensive.Thesearethepicturesthatmydaughterdrewthemwhenshewasyoung.HeisthepersonImetherintheparkyesterday.Theladythatyousawherjustnowisourteacher.Thepenwhichhehastakenitawayismine."As”引導(dǎo)定語從句。as可以代替整個句子或一件事，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語、賓語或表語，意為“正如……，就像……，據(jù)……”常見于以下這些結(jié)構(gòu):aswecansee,ascanbeseen,asweknow,asis（well）known---as除了代替整個句子，也可以代替主句中一個特定的詞。as在它引導(dǎo)的定語從句（限制性或非限制性）中可以充當(dāng)主語，賓語和表語；在這種用法中它經(jīng)常和such,so,thesame等詞搭配使用；且當(dāng)先行詞中有such,so,thesame等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞通常必須用as。

1.Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetells.我從未聽過他講的這類故事。(as在定語從句中作賓語，先行詞是suchstories.)

2.Theplacedoesn‘tlookthesameasitwas5yearsago.這個地方看上一去和5年前不一樣了。(as在定語從句中作表語，先行詞是same)

3.HaveyouboughtthesamebookasIreferredtoyesterday?你有沒有買我昨天說的那本書?。?as在定語從句中作賓語，先行詞是book)whose

在定語從句中作定語，表示引導(dǎo)詞與whose后的。Whose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與ofwhich互換使用。Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.劉老師歡迎你電話騰訊微博廣外培訓(xùn)劉老師Doyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?Doyouknowthegirl?Herhairisveryshortinourclass.Heisthestudent.Ibrokehispencilyesterday.HeisthestudentwhosepencilI

brokeyesterday.你來變Peoplecangetfoodstamps（糧票）.Theiresarebelowacertainlevel.Peoplewhoseesarebelowacertainlevelcangetfoodstamps.Awidowisawoman.Herhusbandhasdied.Awidowisawomanwhosehusbandhasdied.Thereisonestudent.Theteacherlovestoreadhercompositions.Thereisonestudentwhosecompositionstheteacherlovestoread.劉老師歡迎你電話騰訊微博廣外培訓(xùn)劉老師你來變whose+n一起在從句句首引導(dǎo)定語從句。請觀察并練習(xí)：Iknowtheperson.Hisstorysurprisedeverybody.Iknowthepersonwhosestorysurprisedeverybody.Thisistheboy.HismotherteachesusChinese.Showmethegirl.Hermotherisawell-knownsinger.Isthereanyonehere?HisfamilyisinBeijing.Theboyissittingattheback.Theteacheraskedforhishomework.Thisistheteacher.Thestudentsliketohavehislessons.繼續(xù)練習(xí)

Theboyisinthelab.

Youwanttotalktohim.Theboy(whom)youwanttotalkto

isinthelab.Theboytowhomyouwanttotalkisinthelab.

Thisistheboy.Isitbehindhim.Thisistheboy(whom)Isitbehind.ThisistheboybehindwhomIsit.從句介詞提前---prep+whom(人）/which(物）劉老師歡迎你電話騰訊微博廣外培訓(xùn)劉老師Doyoufindthepen?Iwrotewith

itjustnow.Doyoufindthepenwithwhich

Iwrotejustnow?Doyoufindthepen(which)

Iwrote

withjustnow?when在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheleague.onwhichwhere在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichwhy在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞for+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.forwhichIdon’tknowthereason_____hewaslatefortheclass.Abirthdayisthedate_____onewasborn.Doyouknowthereason_____noonequestionedAristotle'stheoryforabout2,000years?Thisisthehotel_____westayedatlastweek.When/where/why---when/where/why---or---對比練習(xí)，注意引導(dǎo)次在從句中的作用1.Thisisthemuseum_______mymotherworked10yearsago.Thisisthemuseum_______wasbuiltin1950.2.July1,1921wastheday______ourPartywasfounded.July1,1921wastheday______wewillnotforget.3.Irememberthedays________Ilivedinmyhometown.Irememberthedays________Ispentwithmygrandpa.4.Thehouse_______we'regoingtolivewasbuiltacenturyago.Thehouse______usedtobetempleisaschoolnow.wherethatwhenthatwhenthatwherethat非限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系不十分密切,只是對先行詞作些附加的說明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句和主句之間往往用逗號分開,不用that引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系詞不可省略。如：Rome,whichisthecapitalofItaly,hasaverylonghistory.意大利的首都羅馬歷史非常悠久。b)YesterdayImetProfessorKing,whocamefromtheUniversityofLondon.昨天我遇見金教授,他從倫敦大學(xué)來的。非限制性定語從句大多數(shù)限制性和非限制性定語從句的先行詞往往為某一個詞或短語,而有時非限制性定語從句的先行詞也可為整個主句,此時非限制性定語從句常由which引導(dǎo)。eg.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband,whichfrightenedmeverymuch.一個中年女子殺害了其丈夫,這事令我十分恐懼。eg.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages,whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.一個五歲的男孩會講兩門外語,令所有在場的人感到非常驚訝。非限制性定語從句Shehastwobrotherswhoareworkinginthecity.她有兩個在這個城市工作的弟弟。(Shehasmorethantwobrothers.)b)Shehastwobrothers,whoareworkinginthecity.她有兩個弟弟,他們在這個城市工作。(Shehasonlytwobrothers.)限定性與非限定性的不同下面兩個句子只有一個逗號之差,意義大相徑庭。Hewillwearnoclotheswhichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不會穿一些使他顯得與眾不同的衣服。b)Hewillwearnoclothes,whichwillmakehimdifferentfromothers.

他不穿衣服,這會使他顯得與眾不同。限定性與非限定性的不同難點：引導(dǎo)詞只用that，不用which、who的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞是nothing,something,anything,all,each等不定代詞時。e.g.Doyouhaveanythingthatisimportanttotellme?2.當(dāng)先行詞被all,any,some,no,not,every,each等修飾時。e.g.Ihavesomebooksthatareverygood.3.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞所修飾時。e.g.ThisisthefirstbookthatIboughtmyself.ThebiggestbirdthatIcaughtisthisbird.4.主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時e.g.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting.5.如有兩個定語從句,其中一個已用which引導(dǎo),另一個宜用that.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.6.當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,thelast,thenext,theonly等詞修飾時。e.g.ThisistheverybookthatIlostyesterday.7.當(dāng)先行詞又有人又有物時。e.g.Iwon’tforgetthethingsandthepersonsthatI