人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)筆記全

人教版英語八年級(jí)下冊(cè)重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)筆記［名校內(nèi)部資料］Unit1what'sthematter?.It's+形容詞+forsb.+todosth.做某事對(duì)某人來說是…的。It'simportanttodosth.做某事很重要。It'simportantformetoeatabalanceddiet.平衡飲食對(duì)我來說是很重要的.It'seasytodosth.做某事是容易的。It'seasyforustofindouttheanswer.找出答案對(duì)我們來說是容易的。注意：該形容詞不能形容人。而It's+形容詞+ofsb+todosth句型中的形容詞可以形容人，表示人的性格或品質(zhì)。如：止isverykindofyoutohelpmeoften..情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法should是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，它的基本用法是必須和其他動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語。意為"應(yīng)該……"oUnit3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?.關(guān)于to的短語總結(jié)havetodosth.不得不/必須做某事needtodosth.需要做某事hatetodosth.討厭做某事liketodosth.喜歡做某事wanttodosth.想做某事lovetodosth.熱爰做某事forgettodosth.忘記做某事starttodosth.開始做某事begintodosth.開始做某事asksbtodosth.請(qǐng)某人做某事.---Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?---Yes,sure./Sorry,Ican't.Ihavetodomyhomeworkfirst.---CouldIpleaseusethecar?---Sure./Certainly./Ofcourse./No,youcan't.Ihavetogoout.在表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許的疑問句中，常用could代替can,以表示禮貌，委婉或不確定的語氣，而can則不具備這些語氣。這種情況下不能把could看作can的過去式。以上兩句中用could是為了表示禮貌的請(qǐng)求。表示請(qǐng)求幫助或請(qǐng)求允許時(shí)，除了can,could之外，還可以用may,句子的表達(dá)方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式來表示同一個(gè)概念。例：Could/Can/MayIuseyourcarforaday?作允答可以各種各樣：如同意可以說Yes,或Sure或Certainly,還可說Yes,(do)please.或Ofcourse,(youmay/can).或That'sOK/allright.如果不同意，可以說I'msorryyoucan't.或I'mreallysorry,butIhavetouseittoday.要避免說No,youcan't.這樣顯得很不禮貌。否定回答通常用委婉語氣。Unit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents?get(1)買getsth.forsb.=getsb.sth.為某人買某物Canyougetsomefruitformewhenyougoshopping?二Canyougetmesomefruitwhenyougoshopping?(2)得至I」，至I」達(dá)Wheredidyougetthebook?Whendidyougettheletter?Hegothomelatelastnight.(3)使，讓，get+賓語+賓補(bǔ)使某人/某物怎么樣(八年級(jí)難點(diǎn))Pleasegetyoucoatclean.Getyourmouthclosed.getsb.todosth.使某人做某事IgothimtocallJimyesterday.(4)(逐漸)變得……Theweathergetswarmeranddaysgetlonger.Whydidtheteachergetangry?howabout/whatabout后跟名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞ing形式。(1)向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh或請(qǐng)求Howaboutgoingoutforawalk?Howaboutsomethingtoeat?(2)向?qū)Ψ秸髑笠庖娀蚩捶℉owabouttheTVplay?Howaboutbuyingthehousenow?(3)詢問天氣或身體情況HowabouttheweatherinHainanIsland?Howaboutyourparents?Aretheylivingwithyou?(4)談話中承接上下文Fmfortyyearsold.Howaboutyou?FmfromBeijing.Howaboutyou?receive收到（客觀上）Thegirlwashappytoreceivemanygiftsonherbirthday.receivealetterfrom=getaletterfrom=heardfrom收到某人的信IreceivedaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.二IgotaletterfrommyparentslastSunday.二IheardfrommyparentslastSunday.accept接受（主觀上）Hecouldn'tacceptoursuggestionsbutourgifts.Shewasverygladtoreceivetheinvitation.Ireceivedaninvitationtotheparty,butIrefusedtoacceptit.a6-year-oldchild一個(gè)六歲的孩子6-year-old是由"數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞〃構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，作前置定語，修飾后面的名詞child。"數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞〃構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞要用單數(shù)形式：afive-year-oldgirl一個(gè)五歲的女孩atwo-meter-longruler一把兩米長(zhǎng)的尺子aten-story-highbuilding一棟十層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本兩英寸厚的詞典too...to...太而不能too后跟形容詞或副詞原形，t。后跟動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成不定式，句子的主語與動(dòng)詞不定的主語不一致時(shí)，可以在動(dòng)詞不定式前加邏輯主語forsboHeistooyoungtojointhearmy（軍隊(duì)）.他年紀(jì)太小，不能去參軍。Themathproblemistoodifficultformetoworkout.這道數(shù)學(xué)題對(duì)我來說太難了，做不出?！梢耘cenoughto和50.?.坨31：.??轉(zhuǎn)換?（難點(diǎn)）Sheistooyoungtodothework.二Sheisn'toldenoughtodothework.Tomistootiredtowalkanyfarther.=Tomissotiredthathecan'twalkanyfarther.pay,spendfcostftake的區(qū)別（中考重點(diǎn)）美名:四朵金花（1）pay花費(fèi)（多少錢）,主語是人。sb.paysomemoneyforsth.Ipaid5000yuanforthecomputerlastweek.我上個(gè)星期花了5000買電腦。（2）spend花費(fèi)（多少錢或時(shí)間），主語是人。sb.spendsomemoneyonsth.sb.spendsometime(in)doingsth.Ispent5000yuanonthecomputerlastweek.Shespent2hours(in)doingherhomework.她花了2個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。(3)cost花費(fèi)(多少錢)，主語是物。sth.costsb.somemoney.Thisjacketcosthim200dollars.這件夾克衫花費(fèi)她200美元。(4)take花費(fèi)(時(shí)間)，主語形式主語為It.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事Howlongdoesittakesb.todosth?花費(fèi)某人多少時(shí)間做某事？IttookLiuHong2hourstodoherhomework.劉紅花了2個(gè)小時(shí)做作業(yè)。sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fallasleep,beasleep(1)sleep動(dòng)詞，睡覺，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。Iamverytired.Iwanttosleep.我很累，想睡覺。(2)sleeping,sleep的現(xiàn)在分詞，表示"正在睡覺〃。Don'tmakesomuchnoise.Thebabyissleeping.不要這么吵，寶寶在睡覺。(3)sleepy想睡覺的，困倦的。Iamalittlesleepy.I'dliketogotobed.我有點(diǎn)困了，我想去床上睡覺了。(4)asleep睡著了的。TheteacherfoundTomasleepinclassandkepthimbehindafterschool.老師發(fā)現(xiàn)湯姆上課睡覺，放學(xué)后就把他留了下來。(5)fallasleep強(qiáng)調(diào)從沒有睡著到睡著的過程，不能接一段時(shí)間。Icouldn'tfallasleepuntilitwasverylatelastnight.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡著。beasleep表示睡著后的狀態(tài)，"睡著了〃，可以接一段時(shí)間。Hewasasleepforthreehours.他睡了3個(gè)小時(shí)。open(1)動(dòng)詞，打開，開業(yè)，開張，展現(xiàn)Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?你介意我把窗戶打開嗎？(2)形容詞，beopen開著的，開放的Onweekendstheswimmingpoolisopentothepublic.在周末，這個(gè)游泳池是對(duì)公眾開放的。close動(dòng)詞，關(guān)閉，關(guān)上，合上closed形容詞，beclosed關(guān)著的，關(guān)閉的should(應(yīng)當(dāng),應(yīng)該)用于所有人稱,表示勸告或建議。eg.---Ihaveaverybadcold.我感冒很厲害。---Youshouldliedownandhavearest.你應(yīng)該躺下，多喝水。maybe與maybe(1)maybe是副詞，譯為〃也許、可能"，相當(dāng)于"perhaps".如:Maybehecananswerthequestion.也許他能回答那個(gè)問題。HeismaybefromtheUSA,too.他可能也來自美國(guó)。(2)maybe中的may為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,譯為"可能是……〃。如：HemaybefromtheUSA,too.他可能也來自美國(guó)。ShemaybeourEnglishteacher.她可能是我們的英語老師。few、afew、little、alittle的區(qū)別和聯(lián)系:encourage動(dòng)詞，鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵(lì)某人做某事Parentsshouldencouragechildrentodothingsbythemselves.家長(zhǎng)們應(yīng)該要鼓勵(lì)孩子們自己動(dòng)手做事情。progress名詞，"進(jìn)步，進(jìn)展"makeprogress"取得進(jìn)步，取得進(jìn)展"Tomisnowmakinggreatprogressatschool.湯姆現(xiàn)在在學(xué)校的進(jìn)步很大。takeaninterestin(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事感興趣否定表達(dá)是takenointerestin(doing)sth.對(duì)(做)某事不感興趣DoyoutakeaninterestinEnglish?你對(duì)英語感興趣嗎?Mostchildrentakeaninterestinplayingcomputergames.大多數(shù)孩子對(duì)電腦游戲很感興趣。makefriendswithsb,和某人交朋友Wouldyouliketomakefriendswithus?你想和我們交朋友嗎？Unit5Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?arriveat到達(dá)（小地方）arrivein到達(dá)（大地方）reach到達(dá)getto到達(dá)IarrivedinBeijinglastnight.=IreachedBeijinglastnight.=IgottoBeijinglastnight.（考點(diǎn)）如果賓語是副詞here,there,home,要把a(bǔ)t/in/to省略。arrivehere/there/homegethere/there/homeinfrontof...在…的前面（某一范圍外的前面）inthefrontof...在…的前面（某一范圍內(nèi)的前面）Therearesomebigtreesinfrontoftheclassroombuilding.在教室的前面有一些大樹。Ilikesittinginthefrontofthetaxi.我喜歡坐在出租車的前排位置。takeoff（1）起飛Whendidtheplanetakeoffyesterday?飛機(jī)什么時(shí)候起飛？（2）脫下（衣帽等）Hetookoffhiscoatassoonashewentintotheroom.他一進(jìn)房間就脫掉了外套。(3)取消Theywilltakeoffthe5amtrain.他們?nèi)∠嗽缟?點(diǎn)的火車。getout(of)...從離開/出去/下來Acarstoppedandagirlgotoutofit.但從汽車/火車/船/飛機(jī)/馬匹上下來，用getoff...follow(1)跟隨Ifollowedhimuphehill.我跟著他上了山.(2)沿著前進(jìn)Followthisroaduntilyougettothepostoffice.順著這條路一直到郵局.(3)聽懂，理解Couldyouspeakmoreslowly?Ican1tfollowyou.你能說慢點(diǎn)嗎？我聽不懂。(4)followsb.todosth.跟著某人做某事Pleasefollowmetoreadthestory.請(qǐng)跟我讀這個(gè)故事。shoutat大聲喊叫，多指因生氣而非善意的大聲叫喊Don'tshoutatthelittleboy.Heistooyoung.不要又寸他大叫，他還太小。shoutto大聲喊叫，多指因距離遠(yuǎn)而不得不大聲叫喊Weshouldshouttohim,orhecan'thearus.我們應(yīng)該朝他叫喊，否則他聽不到我們的聲音。happen發(fā)生，具體事件偶然的沒有預(yù)見的發(fā)生(1)happentodosth.碰巧做某事Ihappenedtomeetoneofmyoldfriendsintheparkyesterday.昨天我在公園碰巧遇見我的一個(gè)老朋友。(2)sthhappenstosb.某人發(fā)生了某事Ancaraccidenthappenedtohimlastmonth.上個(gè)月他發(fā)生了交通事故.takeplace發(fā)生(1)按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或按計(jì)劃發(fā)生GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainrecentyears.最近幾年中國(guó)發(fā)生了巨大的變化.(2)(運(yùn)動(dòng)/活動(dòng)/會(huì)議等)舉行ThemeetingwilltakeplacenextFriday.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于下星期五舉行。taketheplaceof代替，取代Plasticscansometimestaketheplaceofwoodandmetal.塑料有時(shí)能代替木材和金屬.takeone'splace坐某人的位置，代替某人的職務(wù)Cometotakemyplace,myseatisnearthewindow.來估攵我的位置，我的座位靠近窗戶。anywhere任何地方，常用于否定句或疑問句中.Didyougoanywherelastnight?你昨天還去了別的地方了嗎？somewhere某個(gè)地方，用于肯定句。comeandseeme.Thenwe'IIgooutsomewhere.來我家找我，然后我們出去逛逛。everywhere處處，到處=hereandthereIcan'tfindmypenthoughIlookedforiteverywhere.盡管我到處都找過了，還是找不到我的鋼筆。silence名詞，寂靜/無聲There1snothingbutsilenceintheroom.屋內(nèi)寂靜無聲。Keepinsilence.保持沉默.silent形容詞，沉默的，寂靜的Theoldhousewasquitesilent.這所老房子寂靜無聲。Thecatmovedonsilentfeet,那只貓無聲地走動(dòng)著。hear聽到Canyouhearsomeoneknockingatthedoor?你聽至I」有人敲門了嗎？(1)hearof聽說，后接表示人或物的詞Ihaveneverheardofhimbefore.我以前從來沒有聽說過他。(2)hearabout聽說，后接表示事件的名詞rvejustheardabouthisillness.我剛剛聽說他生病的事。Haveyouheardabouttheaccident?你聽說了那場(chǎng)事故嗎?(3)hearfromsb收到某人的來信IheardfrommydaughterinNewYorkyesterday.我昨天收到在紐約的女兒的來信。主語+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of短語。……是……中最……的……之一.ThiswasoneofthemostimportanteventsinmodernAmericanhistory.這是美國(guó)歷史上最重要的事件之一。XiamenisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.廈門是中國(guó)最漂亮的城市之一。experience(1)名詞經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不可數(shù)名詞；經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn)，可數(shù)名詞Haveyouhadanyexperienceoffishing?你有釣魚的經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？CouldyoutellusaboutyourexperiencesinAfrica?你能給我們談?wù)勀阍诜侵薜慕?jīng)歷嗎？(2)動(dòng)詞經(jīng)歷，感覺Thechildrenexperiencedmanydifficultiesthistime.這次孩子們經(jīng)歷了許多困難.experienced形容詞有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的beexperiencedin/atdoingsth.二havemuchexperiencein/atdoingsth.做某事很有經(jīng)驗(yàn).Sheisanexperiencedteacher.他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的教師。Heisveryexperiencedin/atrepairingcars.他修車很有經(jīng)3僉。as...as...和……一樣…兩個(gè)as之間用形容詞或副詞的原形。Heworksascarefullyasshe.他和她一樣工作認(rèn)真。Sheisastallashermother.她和母親一樣高。notas...as...不如某人/某物…Heisnztas/sooldashelooks.他不像看起來那么老。Shedoesn7trunas/sofastasherbrother.攵也不如她哥哥跑得那么快。havefun=haveagood/great/wonderfultime=enjoyoneself玩得開心，過得愉快Didyouhavefunattheparty?昨天在派對(duì)上玩的開心嗎?=Didyouhaveagood/great/wonderfultime?=Didyouenjoyyourself?havefun(in)doingsth.開心做某事rmjusthavingfunplayingtheguitar.我正開心的彈吉他呢。(1)few/afew用來修飾可數(shù)名詞Jew表示否定意義，沒有，幾乎沒有；afew表示肯定意義，有幾個(gè)。例如：Hehasfewfriendshere,hefeelslonely.他這里沒朋友，他感覺寂寞。Thereareafeweggsinthebasket.籃子里有幾個(gè)雞蛋。(2)little/alittle用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞Jittle表示否定意義,沒有，幾乎沒有；alittle表示肯定意義，有一點(diǎn)兒。例如：Thereislittleinkinmybottle.Canyougivemealittleink?我的瓶子里沒有墨水了，你能給我點(diǎn)兒墨水嗎？5.not…until直到…(否定句)才……，動(dòng)詞為短暫性或瞬間性動(dòng)詞。Shedidn'tleaveuntilwecame.Hewentshoppingafterhegotup.=Hedidn'tgoshoppinguntil/beforehegotup....until/till直到……(肯定句)動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞Westayedheretill/until12o'clock.accident事故，意外遭遇Hewaskilledinanaccident.他死于一起意外事故.trafficaccident交通事故Manypeopledieintrafficaccidentseveryyear.每年有彳艮多人死于交通事故。byaccident偶然,意外地Wemetattheairportbyaccident.我們偶然在機(jī)場(chǎng)遇見。.thinkabout考慮（某個(gè)計(jì)劃）TheyarethinkingaboutmovingtoBeijing.他們考慮搬去北othinkof認(rèn)為Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?=howdoyoulikethemovie?你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣？thinkover仔細(xì)思考Weneedafewdaystothinkoverthismatter.我們需要幾天時(shí)間來考慮這個(gè)事情。.感嘆句what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(1)Whatabeautifulgirl(sheis)!多么美的姑娘呀！(2)Whatacleverboy(heis)!多么聰明的男孩呀！(3)Whatinterestingpictures(theyare)!多么美的圖片呀！(4)Whattallbuildings(theyare)!多么高的樓呀!(5)Whatdeliciousfood(itis)!多么可口的食物呀！(6)Whatbadweather(itis)!多么壞的天氣呀！規(guī)律：what+(a/an)+形容詞+名詞(+主語+謂語)+!名詞為不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，形容詞前面不能有a/an0how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(7)Howheavytheboxis!多么重的箱子呀！Howfastheruns!他跑得多快呀!(8)Howcarefulthegirlis!多么細(xì)心的姑娘呀！Howwellsheplaysthepiano!她的鋼琴彈得多好呀!.過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法(1)過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Whatwereyoudoingat8:30thismorning?今天早上8點(diǎn)半你正在做什么？WhenIcalledhim,hewashavingdinner.當(dāng)我打電話給他時(shí)，他正在吃飯。(2)過去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Whatwereyoudoingfromseventonineyesterday?你昨天7點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)在做什么？Iwasreadingthewholemorningyesterday.我昨天一整個(gè)早上都在看書。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成(1)肯定句：主語+was/were+動(dòng)詞ing形式+時(shí)間狀語。(2)否定句：主語+was/were+not+動(dòng)詞ing形式+時(shí)間狀語。(3)疑問句：was/were+主語+動(dòng)詞ing形式+時(shí)間狀語？肯定回答：Yes,主語+was/were.否定回答：No,主語+was/were+not.Unit6Anoldmantriedtomovethemountains.Itdoesnztseemverypossibletomoveamountain.把一座山給移掉好像不太可能。Thisisbecause...Thisisbecausehecanmake72changestohisshapeandsize,turninghimselfintodifferentanimalsandobjects.這是因?yàn)樗麜?huì)根據(jù)他的形狀和大小，做出72種變化，可以將自己變成不同的動(dòng)物或東西。...so...that+從句Sometimeshecanmakethesticksosmallthathecankeepitinhisear.有時(shí)候他使金箍棒變得如此小以至于他可以把它放在耳朵里。Ittakessb.sometimetodosth...Becausetheyweresobigthatittookalongtimetowalktotheotherside.因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)绱酥笠灾劣谧叩搅硪贿吇ㄙM(fèi)了很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。...not...until十從句直到才Don'teatituntilyougettotheforest.你們到達(dá)森林之后才能吃。shootv?射，射擊，過去式shotHouYishootsthesun.后羿身寸日。shootatsth.瞄準(zhǔn)/朝射擊assoonas...”一 就剛就 "Iwilltellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback.他一回來我就把消息告訴他。HetookouthisEnglishbookassoonashesatdown.他一坐下就把英語書拿出來了。AgodwassomovedbyYuGongthathesendtwogodstotakethemountainsaway.movev.打動(dòng)；使感動(dòng)bemoved(bysth./sb.)(被某人/事)感動(dòng)Iwasmovesbyyourkindness.我被你的善良打動(dòng)了。(2)take(...)away(把 )帶走,拿走SomeonetookmyiPhoneawaywhileIwaswaitinginthestation.當(dāng)我在車站等車的時(shí)候，有人拿走了我的iphoneotakeout帶出去,拿出去taketurns(todo...)輪流做某事remindv.“提醒，使想起”，及物動(dòng)詞remindsb.ofsth.讓我們想起某事Theoldphotoremindsmeofmychildhood.這張老照片讓我想起了我的童年。remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事：Myparentsoftenremindmetostudyhard.我的父母總是提醒我要努力學(xué)習(xí)。1thinkit'salittlebitsilly.我認(rèn)為那有點(diǎn)兒傻。alittlebit意為"有點(diǎn)兒"，后加形容詞,相當(dāng)于alittle,abitThisisalittlebitdifficultforme.這對(duì)我來說有點(diǎn)難。o...“把變成 ”PleaseturnthisintoEnglish.請(qǐng)把這個(gè)譯成英語。Joanisturningintoaskilledmusician.瓊正在變成一個(gè)技藝精湛的音樂家。atothertimes“平時(shí)，有時(shí),在其他時(shí)候”Atothertimeshedoesn'thavetogetupatall.平時(shí)他根本不必起來。Sometimeswewenttothebeachandatothertimeswewenttoclimbthemountains.我們有時(shí)候去海灘,有時(shí)去爬山。comeout(1)出版ThatmagazinecomesouteveryMonday.月口本雜志每周―出版。(2)出來，出現(xiàn)，開花Thestarscomeoutassoonasitwasdark.天一黑星星就出來了。(2)傳出，真相大白Thetruthhascomeoutatlast.最后真相大白了。becomeinterestedin,對(duì)感興趣=beinterestedin,后接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞Ibecameinterestedinpiano,我對(duì)鋼琴感興趣。wholeadj.全部的，整體的whole后通常跟可數(shù)名詞，前加the/this/my等形容詞性物主代詞修飾Theoldmantoldusthewholestory.老人給我們講了整個(gè)故事。all也指"所有的"，修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，放在the/this/my等詞前。如:thewholeday=allthedaythewholeclass=alltheclassbemadeof...由制成，看得出原材料；bemadefrom...由制成，看不出原材料。Unit7What'sthehighestmountainintheworld?Itisadj.+(forsb.)todosth.Itisveryhardtotakeinairasyougetnearthetop.當(dāng)你接近山頂時(shí)，連呼吸都會(huì)困難。...isbecause...Oneofthemainreasonsisbecausepeoplewanttochallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.其中的一個(gè)主要的原因是人們想要在面臨困難時(shí)挑戰(zhàn)自己。...show(s)(sb)that...Unit2I'llhelpcleanthecityparks.1.短語動(dòng)詞小結(jié)常見動(dòng)詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)有下面幾種：(1)動(dòng)詞+副詞如：giveup放棄;turnoff關(guān)掉;stayup熬夜這種結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，如果其賓語是代詞，就必須放在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，如果是名詞，則既可插在動(dòng)詞和副詞之間，也可放在短語動(dòng)詞后。(2)動(dòng)詞+介詞如：listenof聽；lookat看；belongto屬于這種結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，后面跟賓語。(3)動(dòng)詞+副詞+介詞如：comeupwith提出，想出；runoutof用完，耗盡(4)動(dòng)詞+名詞+介詞如：takepartin參加；catchholdof抓住Thespiritoftheseclimbersshowsusthatweshouldnevergiveuptryingtoachieveourdreams.這些登山者的精神向我們證明：我們永遠(yuǎn)都不應(yīng)該放棄實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想。.表達(dá)事物的長(zhǎng)，寬，高，深……？sth./sb.+be+數(shù)量+單位+形容詞long,wide,tall,deep0Theriveris2metersdeep.Qomolangmais8,844.43metershigh.Iong---length（n.長(zhǎng)度）wide---width（n.寬度）deep---depth（n.深度）highheight（n.高度）thelength/depth/width/height/sizeofsth....的長(zhǎng)度,深度，寬度，高度，面積.問事物的高，深，寬，長(zhǎng)…？Howhigh/deep/tall/wide/long/is...?HowhighisQomolangma?珠穆朗瑪峰有多高？.ThefirstChineseteamdidsoinl960,whilethefirstwomantosucceedwasJunkoTabei.while,此處是“而，然而，〃輕微對(duì)比。不是"當(dāng)…時(shí)候〃,用在句中，前面有逗號(hào)。succeed,v.成功succeedindoingsth.Hesucceededinfinishingthework.他成功的完成了工作。successn."成功”不可數(shù)Confidenceisthekeytosuccess.自信是成功的關(guān)鍵。successn.〃成功的人,物〃,可數(shù)Heisagreatsuccess.他是一個(gè)很成功的人。successfuladj.成功的，successfullyadj.成功地Adultpandasspendmorethanl2hoursadayeating10kilosofbamboo.bamboo做"竹子做的食物"或"竹子制品"不可數(shù)，bamboochair;但做植物講時(shí)可數(shù)。sb.spend+time/money+onsth./indoingsth.sb.pay+money+forsth.某人為某物支付多少錢Ittakessb+time+todosth.花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間做某事sth+cost+money某物值多少錢。CanadaisalotlesscrowdedthanChina.力口拿大不及中國(guó)擁擠很多。less+adj+than不及Josephislesshonestthanhisbrother.約瑟夫不像他兄弟那樣誠(chéng)實(shí)。lessthan（中間不加任何詞）"少于"Therearelessthan30girlsinmyclass.我們班不足30個(gè)女生。morethan（中間不加任何詞）"超過，多于，相當(dāng)于over"Therearemorethan30girlsinmyclass.我彳門壬旺有超過30個(gè)女生。Unit8HaveyoureadTreasureIsland?HaveyoureadLittleWomanyet?你讀過《小婦人》這本書嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型肯定式：主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has疑問式：助動(dòng)詞Have/Has+主語+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞?否定式：主語+助動(dòng)詞have/has+not+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法1）表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。常和副詞already,yet,never,ever,beforeJust等連用。.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree.（我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè)，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空）2）表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間,sofar等時(shí)間狀語連用。IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。（從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)）Shehasswumsincehalfanhourbefore.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)。（半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳，到現(xiàn)在還在游）already/yet的區(qū)別:already往往用于肯定句，用在疑問句時(shí)表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或加強(qiáng)語氣；yet用于否定句和疑問句。Hehasalreadylefthere.他已經(jīng)離開這里了。Myparentshaven,thadbreakfastyet.我的父母還沒吃早餐。What'sitlike?它怎么樣?某物怎么樣？What's+物+like?How+be+物？某人怎么樣？What's+人+like?用來提問人的性格（易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)）Whatdo/does+人+lookI汰e?用來提問人的外表OliverTwistisaboutaboywhowentouttoseaandfoundanIslandfulloftreasures.《霧都孤兒》講的是一個(gè)小男孩出海并發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)滿是珠寶的小島的故事。fullof充滿befullof=befilledwith充滿Thecupisfullofwater=Thecupisfilledwithwater.befullfor對(duì)…很忙Thisweekisfullforme.It'saboutfoursistersgrowingup.它講述的是四個(gè)姐妹的成長(zhǎng)故事。growup長(zhǎng)大;成長(zhǎng)IgrewupinBeijing.我在d匕京長(zhǎng)大。growinto長(zhǎng)大成為Marygrewintoabeautifulgirl,瑪麗長(zhǎng)成了一個(gè)漂亮的女孩。Youshouldhurryup.你得快點(diǎn)。hurryup趕快；急忙（做某事）（用在口語中，用來催促別人快走）inahurry=inone'shurry匆忙地hurrytodosth匆忙去做hurrysb.催促某人Oneofthemdiedbuttheotherrantowardsmyhouse.他們中的一個(gè)人死了，另一個(gè)朝我的房子這邊跑過來了。theother另一個(gè)，one...theother一個(gè)….另一^H僅用兩者間）other泛指其他的人、物作形容詞或代詞，其后接名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式others泛指另外幾個(gè)，其余的是other的復(fù)數(shù)形式,在句中作主語、賓語theothers其他東西;其余的人們，特指某一范圍的〃其他的人或物〃another其他的；再一個(gè)；另一個(gè),只能用于三個(gè)或更多的人或物thinkof/thinkabout/thinkover辨析(1)thinkof,固定短語,表示“提到(某人、某物、某事或某主意等)，考慮，思考，對(duì)……有某種看法〃，后接名詞，代詞、動(dòng)詞-ing形式。---WhatdoyouthinkofyourChineseteacher?---Ilikeherverymuch.(2)thinkof表示"思考，考慮，對(duì)……有某種看法"時(shí)，可以與thinkabout互換。Whatdoyouthinkofthemovie?=Whatdoyouthinkaboutthemovie?(3)thinkof表示〃想出，想著，想起〃時(shí)，不可用thinkabout代替。Ialwaysthinkofmychildhood.我總是想起我的童年。(4)thinkover意為〃仔細(xì)考慮，認(rèn)真考慮”,強(qiáng)調(diào)思考的程度比thinkof/about深,相當(dāng)于thinkabout...carefullyo其中over是副詞,賓語若是名詞，則可位于over之前或之后；當(dāng)賓語是代詞時(shí)，則必須放在over之前。Thinkitoverbeforeyoudoit.三思而后行。Unit9Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?一Haveyoueverbeento...?---你曾經(jīng)去過游樂園嗎?—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven,t.---是的，去過。/不，沒去過。I/He/Shehave/hasneverbeento...我/他/她從沒去過I/He/Shehave/hasbeento...manytimes.我/他/她去過……很多次。Fdliketogothereagain.我還想再去一次。一Haveyoueverbeentoanamusementpark?---你曾經(jīng)去過游樂園嗎？each每個(gè)，各自的，強(qiáng)調(diào)事物的個(gè)別情況，常與of連用every每個(gè)，每一個(gè)的，一切的，有“全體"的意思不能與of連用helpsb.(to)do幫助某人做某事helphim(to)studyhelpsb.withsth.幫助某人做某事helphimwithEnglishhelpdo幫助做某事helpstudyspend...(in)doing...花費(fèi)…做…IspentadayvisitingBeijing.我花了一天的時(shí)間去參觀北京。spend...onsth.花費(fèi)…在...Ispent3yearsonEnglish.join參加(指參加團(tuán)體、組織)如：jointheParty入黨takepartin參加(指參加活動(dòng))如:takepartinsportsmeeting參加運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)—Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven,t.---是的,去過。/不,沒去過。點(diǎn)撥1havebeento+地點(diǎn)去過某地IhavebeentoBeijing.我去過北京。辨析:havebeento+sp.與havegoneto+sp.①havebeento+sp.,表示去過某處,現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,不在那里了。WehavebeentoQingdao.我們?nèi)ミ^青島。（現(xiàn)在不在青島）②havegoneto+sp.,表示到某處去了,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來。TheyhavegonetoSydney.他們?nèi)ハつ崃恕＃ìF(xiàn)在在悉尼或在途中）③havebeenin+sp.,表示在某處呆過多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?你在中國(guó)住了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？.neither,nor用法相同，都用于否定的倒裝，意為“也不"。（難點(diǎn)）s。用于肯定的倒裝。意為"也”。①否定句+neither/nor+be（have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+另一主語，表示〃也不"。Ifyouwonztgo,neitherwillI.如果你不去，我也不去。Heisnftateacher,neitheramI.他不是老師，我也不是。②肯定句+so+be（have,助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+另一主語，表示Shelikesapples,sodoesherbrother.女也喜歡蘋果,她弟弟也喜歡。HeisfromtheUSA,soishiswife.他是美國(guó)人，他妻子也是。.辨析:hear,hearof與hearfrom(l)hear為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“聽見,聽到"，后可跟復(fù)合賓語hearsbdosth表示“聽見某人做了某事"或hearsbdoingsth表示“聽見某人正做某事”。Welistenedbutcouldhearnothing,我們留心聽,卻什么也沒有聽見。Iheardhersinginginherroom.我聽見她正在房間里唱歌。⑵hear還可作"聽說〃講，后常跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。Iheardthathewasill.我聽說他病了。Iheardthatit'sagoodfilm.我聽說那是部好影片。(3)hearof意為"聽說〃，后跟人或物作賓語。rveneverheardofthatplace.我從未聽說過那個(gè)地方。Haveyoueverheardofthatstory?你聽說過那個(gè)故事嗎？(4)hearfrom意為"收到某人的來信"，后跟人作賓語。Howoftendoyouhearfromyoursister?你多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間收到你姐姐的一次信？Iheardfromhimlastweek.我上周收到他的信。5.findffindout與lookfor都含有“尋找，找到”的意思，但其含義和用法卻不同。(l)find意為"找到,發(fā)現(xiàn)"，通常指找到或發(fā)現(xiàn)具體的東西，也可指偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)某物或某種情況，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是找的結(jié)果。Willyoufindmeapen?你替我找支鋼筆好嗎?Hedidn,tfindhisbike.他沒找到他的自行車。⑵lookfor意為"尋找"，是有目的地找，強(qiáng)調(diào)"尋找"這一動(dòng)作。Idon'tfindmypen;I'mlookingforiteverywhere.我沒有找到我的鋼筆，我正到處找。(3)findout意為〃找出,發(fā)現(xiàn),查明〃，多指通過調(diào)查、詢問、打聽、研究之后"搞清楚，弄明白"，通常含有”經(jīng)過困難曲折"的含義，指找出較難找到的、無形的、抽象的東西。Pleasefindoutwhenthetrainleaves.請(qǐng)查一下火車什么時(shí)候離站。Readthispassage,andfindouttheanswertothisquestion.讀這篇短文，找出這個(gè)問題的答案。UnitlOrvehadthisbikeforthreeyears.Some…Others...Somepeoplestillliveintheirhometown.However,othersmayonlyseeitonceortwiceayear.有些人仍然住在家鄉(xiāng)。然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家鄉(xiāng)一兩次。Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.至于我，我不想放棄我的足球衣。但是，說實(shí)在的，我現(xiàn)在巳經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間沒有踢（足球）了。Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?你是否曾經(jīng)想過要舉辦一個(gè)庭院拍賣會(huì)來出售東西？Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?你會(huì)怎么處理你所籌集到的錢？與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語（中考重點(diǎn)）already（肯定句）；yet（否定或疑問）；just;before;never;ever;recently最近；sofar到目前為止；表示次數(shù)的詞，如：once,twice,threetimes;for+時(shí)間段=since+時(shí)間段+ago;since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn);s