提單中英文簡介

提單（billoflading）中英文簡介簡介提單（BillofLading,B/L）是由船長或承運人或承運人的代理人簽發(fā)，證明收到特定貨物，同意將貨物運至特定目的地并交托于收貨人的憑據(jù)。一、提單的作用1.提單是運輸合同的證明2.提單是貨物收條3.提單是物權(quán)憑據(jù)分類二、提單的分類按貨物能否已裝船劃分1已裝船提單（ShippedB/LoronBoardB/L（ReceivedforShipmentB/L）。

）。

2

收貨待運提單2．按提單仰頭劃分1記名提單（StraightB/L

），又稱收貨人仰頭提單。

2指示提單（OrderB/L）。3不記名提單（BlankB/LorOpenB/L

）。按無影響結(jié)匯的標(biāo)注劃分1潔凈提單（CleanB/L）。2不潔凈提單（FoulB/L）。4.按收費方式劃分1運費預(yù)支提單(FreightPrepaidB/L)CollectB/L）。

。2

運費到付提單（Freight5.按船舶的經(jīng)營方式劃分1班輪提單(LinerB/L)

。2

租船提單（

CharterParthB/L

）。三、提單的繕制與簽發(fā)1．托運人（Shipper）2．收貨人（Consignee

）3．通知人（NotifyParty）4．前段運輸（Pre-Carriageby

）5．收貨地址(PlaceofReceipt)6．海運船舶及航次（OceanVesse）7．裝貨港（PortofLoading8．卸貨港（PortofDischarge）9．交貨地址（PlaceofDelivery10.嘜頭和號碼、集裝箱箱號和鉛封號（Marks&Nos.、No.）

））11．集裝箱數(shù)或件數(shù)（

NoofContainerorPkgs

）12．包裝種類、貨物名稱（

KindofPackages

、DescriptionofGoods

）13．毛重（

GrossWeightkgs

）14．體積（

Measurement）15．運費和花費、付款地址及付款方式（Payableat、Pre-paid、Collect）

Freight&Charges

、Prepaidat

、16．提單號和正本提單份數(shù)（

B/LNo.

、

OriginalB(s)/L

）17．簽單地址和日期（18．代表承運人署名（

PlaceandDateofIssueSignedfortheCarrier

））差別四、B/L與D/O的差別B/L：BILLOFLADING提單，是貨物的物權(quán)憑據(jù)。D/O：DELIVERYORDER提貨單，是目的港口提取貨物時需要的憑據(jù)，不能夠轉(zhuǎn)讓.貨物上船以后，由船企業(yè)簽發(fā)B/L給SHIPPER，SHIPPER將B/L轉(zhuǎn)給CONSIGNEE，貨物抵達港口，CONSIGNEE憑B/L去船企業(yè)換取D/O，憑D/O去港口提貨。兩者在貨物提取以前有且只有一個留在貨主手里，只可是

D/O不再是物權(quán)憑證，貨主領(lǐng)取D/O以后，說明船企業(yè)已經(jīng)把貨物放給貨主了。

BillofLading-IntroductionWhendiscussingBillsofLading,wemustdistinguishbetweenacarrierB/L(B/L)andaHouseB/L(HBL).PleaseseeseparatechapterforHBL.InMaerskLogistics,wedonotissuecarrierBillsofLading.OnlyOceanCarriers(alsoknownasVOCCsorshippinglines)canissueacarrierB/L.Intheolddays,theBillofLadingwasadocumentissuedbythecaptainofthevesselforgoodscarriedonboardhisvessel.Thisisnotpracticaltodaywhereinsteadthedocumentisissuedbyanagentactingonbehalfofthecaptain.MaerskSealand’sofficesaroundtheworldhavebeenempoweredtosignBillsofLadingonbehalfof“thecaptain”(theprincipalcarrier).BillofLading-IssuingPartyTheB/Lisissuedbyanoceancarrier,alsoknownasaVOCC(vessel-operatingcommoncarrier)orshippingline

（船企業(yè)，有船公共承運人）（航運企業(yè)）.MaerskSealand（馬士基海陸有限企業(yè)）,beingaVOCC,issuesBs/Lforgoodsshippedonboardtheirvessels.BillofLading–FunctionsBasically,aBillofLadinghas3functions:Areceipt（收條）forthecargoAdocumentoftitleEvidenceofacontractofcarriage1.ReceiptforcargoTheB/Lisareceiptbythecarrierthatthegoodsareinhiscustody（保存）.TheB/Lactsasareceiptbetweentheshipperandthecarrieruntilsuchtimeastitlehasbeenpassedtoathirdparty(theconsignee).Thenitbecomesanindependentcontractbetweenthecarrierandthethirdparty.Thethirdpartyassumes（接收，擔(dān)當(dāng)）therights,responsibilitiesandobligationsidentical（同一的，完整同樣的）tothoseoftheshipper.2.EvidenceofcontractofcarriageItiscommontoheartheB/Lreferredtoasthe‘contractofcarriage’.However,thecontractofcarriageisalwaystheunderlying（基本的）agreementbetweenthecarrierandthecustomertocarryhisgoods.TheB/Lismerelyevidenceofthis.TheB/Levidencesacontractofcarriagebetweentheoceancarrierandtheshipper/consigneeintheB/L.Alsosee:EvidenceofcontractofcarriageintheGlossary（詞匯表）.3.DocumentofTitle（物權(quán)憑據(jù)，全部權(quán)憑據(jù)）AB/LisaDocumentofTitle.Thismeansthatthelegalright(thetitle)tothegoodscoveredbytheB/Lcanpassfromonepartytoanotherbymeansofendorsements（背書）(pleaseseeexplanationbelow).Thecarrierwillonlyreleasethegoodsatdestinationtoarightfulholderofadulyendorsed（提單能夠適合背書）originalBillofLading.AtthetimetheB/Lisissued,theshipperwilladvisethecarrierwhotheB/Lshouldbeconsigned（交托）to-.whotheConsigneeontheB/Lis.TheshippercanchoosetoconsigntheB/Lindifferentways:a.Fullnameandaddressofanindividualorcompany“TOORDER”(ofshipper)“TOORDEROF[bank]”-example:ToorderofDubaiBank“TOORDEROF[company]”-example:ToorderofToyTraderLtd.“TOORDEROF[individual]”-example:ToorderofGaryJensen,Street,City“Toorder”meansthatthepartycantransfertheirrightsasconsigneetoanotherpartybyendorsingtheB/L.3a.EndorsementAnendorsementisasignature(andcompanystamp)ontheB/L(andpreferablyalsoaclearwrittenstatementthattheB/Lisbeingendorsedto“CompanyXYZ”).TheendorsementiswrittenontheoriginalB/LdocumentbythepartywhoisshownastheconsigneeontheB/Lbutnowwishestotransferthisrighttoanotherparty.WhenobtainingtheendorsedB/L,thenewconsigneenowassumesallrights,obligationsandresponsibilitiesthatwerepreviouslyvestedinthefirstconsignee.ThisalsoincludestherighttotransfertheB/LtoyetanotherpartybyaddinganewendorsementontheB/Ldocument.Inthisway,achainofendorsementsmaytakeplace.TheOceanCarrier（海運承運人）willchecktheendorsementsontheoriginalB/Ldocumentbeforereleasingthegoodsatdestination.Asyoucansee,itisnotalwaysthefirstconsignee(asprintedontheB/Lwhenitwasissued)thatactuallytakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.BecauseofthisfunctionadDocumentofTitle,aB/Lisoftenreferredtoasa“negotiable”（可轉(zhuǎn)讓的）documentbut“transferable”isactuallythemorecorrectterm.BillofLading-OriginalsandCopiesThefactthatthecarrierB/LfunctionsasDocumentofTitleplacesgreatimportanceontheB/Ldocument.Allpartiesinvolved(shipper,consigneeandcarrier)relyonthedocumenttodecidewhocantakedeliveryofthegoodsatdestination.ThecarrierwillnormallyprintaB/Ldocumentin3originalsandareasonablenumberofcopies.ItisonlyanOriginalB/Ldocumentthatcanbetransferredtoanotherparty.Thecopiesmaybepre-printed‘Copy’or‘Non-Negotiable’.Botharenon-transferable.Although3originalshavebeenissued,thecarrierwillreleasethegoodsatdestinationtowhoeverpresentsonedulyandproperlyendorsedoriginalB/LNowyoumaythink:“Butwhatiftheshipper（托運人，發(fā)貨人，貨主）andendorsestwooftheoriginalBs/Ltotwodifferentparties”

sellsthegoodstwiceThecarriermustexerciseduecaretocheckthattheB/Lisproperlyendorsedtothepartywhosubmits（提交）it.Ifthisisthecaseandthecarrierisingoodfaith,hecanreleasethegoods.Thechangeofownershipofthecargoisamatterbetweenthesellerandthebuyeronly.Thecarrierisnotinvolved.Ifthesellerhassoldthegoodstwice,itisamatterbetweenthesellerandthetwobuyers.BillofLading-Carrier’sresponsibilityThethreemainareasofresponsibilityofthecarrierunderaB/Lare:ResponsibilityforcorrectdescriptionofthegoodsResponsibilitytoreleasethegoodstotheproperlyentitledpartyattheproperlocation3.Responsibilitytocareforthecargowhileitisinthecarrier’scustody1.ResponsibilityforcorrectdescriptionofthegoodsAnythirdpartybuyermaypurchasegoodsbyrelyingonthedescriptionofthegoodsintheB/L(quantity,condition,etc.).ThedescriptionofthegoodsontheB/Lisusuallysuppliedbytheshipperorhisagent.(Thecarrierwillnotknowwhatisinsideacontainerorcartonpackedbytheshipper).Itishoweveressentialthatifthecarrierknowsthatthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipperisnotcorrect(forexamplethatcartonsaredamaged),thecarrierclearlynotesthediscrepancy（不符，相差）ontheB/LorrefusestoacceptthecargoandissuetheB/L.IfthecarrierdoesnotnotethediscrepancyontheB/L,thecarriershoes”oftheshipperandassumesresponsibility,onbehalfoftheshipper,tothebuyerofthegoods.Thismeansthatiftherewasadisputebetweenthecarrierandthebuyerofthegoods,thebuyercouldfileaclaimagainstthecarrier.Thecarrierwouldneedtofile

“stepsintotheclaimagainsttheshipperbutmaynotbeabletoprovethatthegoodswerenotreceivedasstatedintheB/L.ResponsibilitytoreleasethegoodstotheproperlyentitledpartyattheproperlocationWhoeverpresentsadulyandproperlyendorsedB/Latthecorrectdestinationisentitledtotakedeliveryofthegoods.ThecarrierreceivingaB/Landbeingsatisfiedthattheproperendorsementisinplace,whenreleasingthegoods,isrelievedofanyresponsibilityshoulditlaterappearthattheB/Lholderwasinfactnottheproperreceiver.ThecarriermustofcoursealsoensurethatthepersonwhosubmitstheB/Landtakedeliveryofthegoodsisarepresentativeoftheconsignee.anemployeeoranagentofthecompanytowhomtheB/Lhasbeenconsigned).ReleaseofthecargowithoutreceiptofaproperlyendorsedB/Lcompromisesthecarrier’sresponsibilitytowardsthetrueownerofthegoods.Thismayexposethecarriertounlimitedliability（責(zé)任）inclusive（包含）ofconsequential(間接的)damages.Inotherwords,thecarriermayberequiredtocompensate（補償）therightfulconsigneenotonlyforthevalueofthegoodsbutpotentiallyalsoforadditionalcostssuchaslossofsalesprofits.IfthecarrierisindoubtaboutwhotherightfulowneroftheB/Lis,.becausetherehasbeenachainofendorsementsandthecarrierisnotfamiliarwithallsignaturesandstampsoftheintermediateconsignees,thecarriershouldinprinciplecontactthesepartiestocheck.Thecarriermaycanalsocontacttheshipperand/orthenotify（通知）partyontheB/Ltoheartheirviews.2a.ReleaseatdifferentdestinationIfthereleaseofthegoodsisrequestedatadestinationdifferentfromtheonementionedontheB/L,thecarriershouldfirstreceivethefullsetofBs/L(alloriginals)fortheparticularshipment.ThefullsetofanissuedB/Lhasanintendeddestination.SincereleaseispossibleagainstanyoneoftheBillsofLadinginaset,thenonlybyreceivingalltheissuedoriginalscanthecarrierassurehimselfthatnootherlawfulholderofanoriginalB/LcanpresenttheB/LattheB/Ldestinationandrightfullyclaimtitletothegoods.2b.ReleaseofgoodswithoutoriginalB/LorissuanceofanewsetofBillsItisacriticalsituationwhenthefullsetoforiginalBillsarelost.ByreleasingthegoodswithoutobtainingadulyendorsedoriginalB/L,thecarrierwillexposethemselvestounlimitedliability,incl.consequentialdamages,incasearightfulholderoftheB/Llaterturnsupandexpectstoreceivethecargo.Ontheotherhand,theconsigneemayinfactbethelegalownerofthegoodsafterhavingpaidtheshipperandthecarrierwillbeunderpressurefromtheconsigneetoreleasethegoodsassoonaspossible.Insuchasituation,thecarrierwilltypicallyaskboththeshipperandtheconsigneetoconfirmthattheyagreetotheissuanceofanewsetofbillsorreleaseofgoodswithoutthebills.Inaddition,thepartywhohasaskedforanewsetofbills(theshipperortheconsignee),orhasaskedtohavethegoodsreleased(theconsignee),isaskedtosignaLetterofIndemnity(LOI)andthismustbebackedupbyafirstclassbankguaranteewhichisvalidforaminimumof6yearsorwhatevertheB/Lfilingperiodisinthatcountry.Theprocessmustbeapprovedandreleasesignedoffbyappropriatemanagement.Itisacommercialdecisionbythecarrierwhethertheywillreleasethegoodsonthisbasisornot.tocareforthecargowhileinthecarrier’scustodyThedutyofcareofthegoodsisbothregulatedinlawandisbasedoncommonsense.IfthegoodsarrivedamagedatdestinationandnonotehasbeenmadeontheB/Lregardingtheconditionofthecargo,itisthecarrier’sresponsibility.Ifthecarrierwantstoclaimagainsttheshipper,itisthecarrier’sresponsibilitytoprovethatthegoodswerenotdamagedwhileinhiscustody.BillofLading–AmendmentWhenashipperrequestsanamendmenttoaB/Lwhichhasalreadybeenprintedandissued,thecarriermustmakeajudgmentoftherequestanddecideiftheB/Lcanbeamendedaccordingly.ThecarriermustensurethatthefullsetoforiginalBs/Larereturned(if3originalswereissued,3originalsshouldbereturnedforamendment)andensurethatthedescriptionofthegoodsisstillcorrect.IfashipperrequestsacompletelynewsetofBs/L,thisisconsideredanamendmentandthefullsetoforiginalsmustbesurrendered.Iftheshipperorconsigneeisnotabletoproducethefullsetoforiginals,thecarriershouldnotissueanew?set.Ifthecustomerinsists,thecarriermustmakeajudgmentofthecommercialriskandmaydecidethatanewsetcanbeissued.Insuchcase,thefirstsetofBs/Lwillbeconsideredlost.Youmustensuretochecklocalproceduresforthis.BillofLading-CargoDescriptionCargodescriptionThetransportprovidercannotphysicallyverifythecontentsofthecartonsandpackagesreceivedfromtheshipper.Forlegalreasons,thedescriptionofthegoodsmustthereforealwaysincludethewording“SaidToContain”or“tosignifythatthetransportproviderisrelyingonthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipper.Example:1020cartonsofCDplayers.Ifthecarrierknowsthatthedescriptionofthegoodssuppliedbytheshipperisnotcorrect(forexamplethatcartonsaredamaged),thecarriershouldnotethediscrepancyontheB/LorrefusetoacceptthecargoandissuetheB/L.No.ofpackagesIfcargoislostduringtransit,itisthenumberofunitsasstatedinthe“no.ofpkgsfieldthatwillbeusedforcalculationofpotentialcompensationtotheowner.Forthisreason,thisfieldshouldalwaysreflectthesmallestnumberofshippingunits.Example1(FCLcontainer):“1x20’STD”insteadof“500cartons”.Example2(LCLshipment):pallets”insteadof“50cartons”.

”“5ClausesThetransportprovidershouldinserttheclause

“Shipper

’sload,stowandcount

”

ifthecustomerisloadingthecontainerathispremises.“Shippedonboard”mustonlybeusedwhenthedocumentisissuedaftervesselsailing.Ifthecustomerwantsthedocumentissuedbeforevesselsailing,theclause“Receivedforshipment”isusedinstead.Mostcarrierswillnotinserttheclause“Cleanonboard”ontheBill.EvenforLCL-shipmentswheretheyarephysicallyhandlingthecartons,theycannotcheckthequalityandconditionofthemerchandiseinsidethecartons.CleanB/LwithoutnotationsofdamagesorshortcomingsThebuyerorthebank(LetterofCredit)sometimesdemandsaso-called“cleanB/L”whichmeansaB/Lwithoutanynotesofdamagesorshortcomingsatthetimeofloading.Thissometimescreatesproblemsbetweenthecarrierandtheshipper,whoinspiteofdamageorotherdiscrepancytothecargowantstheshippinglinetoincorrectlyissuea“CleanB/L

”againstaletterofindemnityfromtheshipperorabankguarantee.SuchindemnitiesarenotallowedundertheinternationalconventionsthatgovernsBs/Landifbroughttocourtwillnotbeupheld.Thereforethecarriershouldnotissue“Clean”Bs/Lifthisisnotthecorrectcargodescription.24-hourmanifestrule(U.S.customs)Youmayhaveheardaboutthe24-hourmanifestruleestablishedby.Customsanditsrequirementsregardingdescriptionofgoods-forexamplethat“isnotallowedandthatthecargodescriptionmustbeveryspecific.“generalmerchandise”andothergeneralcargodescriptionsarenotallowed).Forthepurposeoftransportdocumentation,youshouldbeawarethatthe.Customsrulesrelatetothevesselmanifest,nottheprintedBillofLadingorWaybilldocument.Thevesselmanifestisusedforcustomspurposes.TheprintedBillorWaybillisusedforlegalandcommercialpurposes.BillofLading-DocumentDateThedateoftheB/Lmustbethedateonwhichitisactuallyissued,irrespectiveofthedatethecargowasreceivedorloaded,howevernotearlierthanthedatethecargowasreceivedorloadedrespectively.Fora“ShippedonBoard”B/L,thedatecannotbeearlierthanthedatethecargowasactuallyloadedonboardthefirstvesselorconveyancementionedinthedocument.Fora“ReceivedforShipment”B/L,thedatecannotbeearlierthanthedatethecargowasactuallyreceivedattheplaceofreceiptorloadportmentionedinthedocument.Sometimes,ashipperwillrequestacarriertoissuetheB/Lwithearlierorlaterdatesinordertocomplywithtimerestrictionsintheshipper’buyer.BillofLading-FreightpaymentThechargespayableatorigin(usuallybytheshipper)arecalled

“prepaid

”.Thechargespayableatdestination(usuallybytheconsignee)arecalled

“collect

”.Inordertosecurepayment,thecarrierwillusuallynotreleasetheoriginalB/Ldocumenttotheshipperbeforehehaspaidallprepaidcharges.Atdestination,thecarrierwillusuallynotreleasethegoodsuntilallfreightchargesarepaid(evenwhenadulyendorsedB/Lispresented).Itisacommercialdecisionbythecarrierwhethertheywishtogranttheshipperand/orconsigneecredit.Ifcredithasbeengranted,thecarrierwillreleasethegoodsandexpectthefreightandothercoststobepaidwithintheagreedtime.Theshipperisresponsibleforadvisingthecarrierwhichchargesareprepaidandcollect.Ifthecarrierisindoubtwhethertheconsigneewillpayforthecollectcharges,hemaycheckwiththeconsigneebeforeacceptingtheshipment.Insomeareasoftheworld,fromwherethereisagreatriskand/orcostforthecarriertoshipcargo,thecarriermayrequirethatallchargesareprepaid.?BillofLading–FilingAftercollectingtheoriginalB/Landreleasingthegoods,thecarriershouldstamptheoriginalB/L“accomplished”(orsimilar).ThecarriermustthenfiletheoriginalB/Lforatleast6yearsaccordingtointernationalanddomesticregulations.Locallegislationmayrequirealongerfilingperiod.BillofLading-WhyusethisdocumentWhenbuyinggoodsinternationally,thereisadistancebetweenthebuyerandtheseller.Theexchangeofgoodsandthepaymentforthegoodsthereforecannottakeplaceatthesametime.Thesellerwantstoensurethathedoesnottransferownershipofthegoodswithoutreceivingpayment,andthebuyerwantstomakesurethathedoesnotpaywithoutgettingownershipofthegoodsthathewasexpecting.ThesellerusestheB/Lasproofthathehasdeliveredthegoodsforshipmentattheagreedplace.TheB/LalsoconfirmsthequantityandapparentconditionofthegoodsintheB/L.WhenaB/Lisissued(adocumentoftitle),thecarrierwillonlyreleasethegoodsatdestinationtothepartywhocanpresentanoriginalB/Lthatcoversthegoods.TheB/Lbecomesthe“keytothecargo”.Whenthebuyerhaspaidforthegoods,thesellerwilltransfertheoriginalBs/Ltothebuyer.Ifthebuyerdoesnotpayforthegoods,thesellercankeeptheoriginalBs/Landinthiswaycontrolthatthebuyerdoesnotreceivethegoodsfromthecarrier.(Insomecases,thebuyerwillrequiretoreceivetheoriginalsbeforepaying).IncaseswherethepaymentforthegoodsisfacilitatedbyabankthroughaLetterofCredit,thebankatoriginmayrequirethattheyobtaintitletothegoodsintheperiodbetweenpayingthesellerandobtainingpaymentfromthebuyerorthebuyer’sbank.ThisiswhytheB/Lissometimesconsigned“toorderof[bank]”.Ifithappenedthatthebuyercouldnotpayforthegoodsafterall,thebankwouldbeabletorecoversomeoftheirlossbysellingthegoods.Inothercases,theB/Lisusedbecausegoodsaresoldduringtransitandthereisaneedtohaveanegotiable/transferabledocumenttocovertheshipment.TheoriginalconsigneewillendorsetheB/Ltothenewconsigneewhocanthenobtainreleaseofthegoods.ItisimportanttonotethatalthoughtheB/Lisusedtofacilitatethepaymentofgoodsbetweensellerandbuyer,thecarrierdoesNOTtakepartinthechange?ofownershipofgoods.Thisisonlyamatterbetweenthesellerandthebuyer.ThecarrierfollowstherulesandobligationsasstatedintheB/Landcontractofcarriage(shipsandreleasesgoodsinaccordanceherewith).BillofLading-theroleofMaerskLogisticsInMaerskLogisticswedonotissuecarrierBillsofLading.However,weworkwiththecarrierseitheronbehalfoftheclients(whenweareactingasagentsonbehalfoftheshipperortheconsigneeandthecustomerhasagreedfreightratesandothertermsandconditionsdirectlywiththecarrier)orascustomers(whenweareactingasNVOCCandhavesub-contractedourshipmentstothecarrier).Scenario1:ActingasagentonbehalfofashipperorconsigneeWhenactingasagentonbehalfofourcustomers,thecarrierB/Levidencesacontractofcarriagebetweenthecarrierandourcustomer.MaerskLogisticsisnotapartytothecontractundertheB/Lalthoughweareperformingfreightforwardingservicesonbehalfofourclient.Inthisscenario,weusuallybookthecargowiththecarrierchosenbyourcustomer,arrangecontainerstobeloaded/consolidatedandbroughttothecarrier’sterminal,co-ordinatetheissuanceofdocumentsandcheckthedocumentsissuedbythecarrier.Wemayalsopaythecarrierchargesonbehalfofourcustomerandinvoicehimaccordingly.Atdestination,wemayco-ordinatethereleaseanddeliveryofthecontainerandarrangecustomsclearanceonbehalfofourclient.Scenario2:ActingasNVOCCWhenactingasNVOCC,MaerskLogisticsisthecustomerofthecarrier.Wethereforebookourshipmentswiththecarrier,