2021屆上海市高考?jí)狠S卷英語含答案解析

絕密★啟封前

KS5U2021上海市高考?jí)狠S卷

英語

考生注意：

1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分150分。

2.本考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。試卷分為第I卷（第1一12頁）和第II卷（第13頁），

全卷共13頁。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題紙上，做在試卷上

一律不得分。

答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和姓名，并將核對(duì)后的條形碼貼在指定位置上,在答題

紙反而清楚地填寫姓名。

第I卷供103分）

ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheend

ofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper;anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

1.A.5minutes.B.10minutes.C.15minutes.D.25minutes.

2.A.Atschool.B.Inashop.C.Inarestaurant.D.Athome.

3.A.Exciting.B.Well-paid.C.Boring.D.Tough.

4.A.Abusdriver.B.Ahouseagent.C.Adeliveryman.D.Asalesperson.

5.A.Thefilmtowatch.B.Thecoursetoattend.

C.Thelanguagetolearn.D.Theoptiontoabandon.

6.A.Heshouldworkharder.B.HeshouldnJtturndowntheoffer.

C.Heshouldn'tloseheart.D.Heshouldbeenvironmentallyconscious.

7.A.Expressheropinionsmoreclearly.

B.Makeanothercopyofherpaper.

C.Correctsomegrammaticalerrors.

D.Indicatethesourcesofthequotesinherpaper.

8.A.Themandoesn,tknowifthereissuchamachine.

B.Themachineisontherightsideoftheentrance.

C.Themachinemaynotbefunctioningproperly.

D.Thewomancanfindthemachinebyfollowingthesigns.

9.A.Thenewshoesareworthatry.

B.Hethinksshoppingisawasteofmoney.

C.Hedoesn'twanttogiveanycommentsontheshoes.

D.Theshoesarenotsuitableforthewoman.

10.A.Moredoctorsshouldbedoingresearch.

B.Heisonthewaytobecomingadoctor.

C.Anewmedicaltreatmentisavailablesoon.

D.Hehasalreadytriedthenewmedicine.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralpassagesandlongerconversations,aftereach

passageorconversation,youwillbeaskedseveralquestions.Thepassagesandtheconversations

willbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,read

thefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestion

youhaveheard.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。

11.A.Disability.B.Sickness.C.Pressure.D.Unemployment.

12.A.Becausehehastwokids.B.BecausehedoesnJtliketowork.

C.Becausehiswifeisbusy.D.Becausehemakeslessmoneythanhiswife.

13.A.Sharingfeelingsofanxiety.

B.Feelinglonelyandshortoffriends.

C.Facingworriesabouttheirself-worth.

D.Missingthehappytimewithformercolleagues.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。

14.A.Toemphasizethedisadvantagesoffastfashion.

B.Tocriticizefashionindustryforitsfastdevelopment.

C.Tointroducesomestrategiesforchoosingdailydress.

D.Toadvocateanenvironment-friendlyconceptofclothes.

15.A.Thestylesoftheclothesoftenchangerapidlywiththetime.

B.Theclothesoftencopythestylesoffamousdesignerbrands.

C.Anumberofunfashionableclothesareburntorgointolandfill.

D.Creatingsuchclothesusuallywastealargeamountofenergy.

16.A.Itisregardedasthesymboloffastfashion.

B.Itisanagreeabletrendinthefashionindustry.

C.Itisverypopularthankstomassiveproductivity.

D.Itismadebyenvironment-friendlyartificialmaterials.

聽下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。

17.A.Thewaytogetaproperpromotion.

B.Thereasontosetanexampleforthestaff.

C.Thekeyelementsofacapablesupervisor.

D.Thedamagethatproblememployeesmaycause.

18.A.Hecan'tgetalongwellwithothers.

B.Heisnotgoodattrainingpeople.

C.Heisnotfamiliarwithmarketing.

D.Helacksrelevantexperience.

19.A.Heisgoodatcoachingpeople.

B.Hehasworkedindifferentteams.

C.Hecanfindpotentialproblememployees.

D.Hecandisciplinepeoplewithoutbeingmean.

20.A.Fullyunderstandhisresponsibility.

B.Workhardandgetalongwellwithothers.

C.Qualifyemployeestobereadyforchanges.

D.Understandthevaluesandgoalsofthecompany.

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherent

andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproper

form.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

ScientistsconfirmedMondaythataskeleton(骷髏)foundunderacarparkintheEnglishcity

ofLeicesterwasthatofKingRichardIII,inaweirdendtoa500-year-oldmystery.

DNAfromthebones21.(match)thatofexistinggenerationoftheking'ssisterandthe

skeletonhadthebattleinjuriesconsistent22.contemporaryaccounts.

Theremainsoftheking,viewedasoneofEnglishhistory'sworstguys,willbereburiedlater

inthelocalchurch.

Thediscoveryhascausedhugeexcitementamonghistorians,asitprovidesfirmevidence

aboutarulerwhoselife23.(shadow),inspiteofofficialrecords,byrumours(謠言)concerning

hiscoldbloodsincehisdeathattheBattleofBosworthin1485.

Accordingtohistoricalaccounts,Richard'sbodywastransportednakedandbloodyonthe

backofapackhorsetoLeicesterbeforebeingburiedinanunmarkedgraveatGreyfriars,a

FranciscantempleinthecentralEnglishcity.

ThenthecrownpassedtotheTudorrulerswhopaintedRichardasanuglybadguywho

stoppedat24.inhispursuitofpower,evenmurderinghistwoyoungnephews,theso-called

PrincesintheTower,25.(secure)thepower.

Thehuntforhisbodybeganyearsagowhenarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)startedtodigbeneath

themunicipalcarpark26.thekingwassupposedlyburied.Theyfinallyfoundtheskeleton.

OnMondayarchaeologistssaidtheskeletonconfirmedthatthekinghadsevereinjuryinthe

backbone.Itmayhavebeenpainfulandcausedhisrightshouldertoappearhigherthanhisleft,

buttherewasnoevidenceofthedeformedarm27.(mention)inShakespeare's"Richard1IF\

HistoriansnowhopetoclearsomeofthemythsaboutRichard,28,(publicize)evidenceto

argueagainsttheclaimthathekilledthetwoyoungprinces.Theyintendtofocuson29.Richard

achievedinhisbrieftwo-yearruling,includingtheestablishmentofasystemoflegalaid.

AccordingtoPhilippaLangley,amemberoftheRichardIIISociety,30.cruelRichardIII

appearedtobeinthepast,anewimagewillemergeoftheking."WehavesearchedfbrRichard

andwehavefoundhim.Nowit'stimetohonourhim,,,shesaid.

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonly

beusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.financialB.implementedC.supportD.roughlyE.assignedF.immediate

G.contributingH.practiceI.purchaseJ.disadvantagedK.supplying

Stockingtheshelves

Whenyougotoagrocerystore,youexpecttopayforyourgoodswithmoney.Butstudents

atahighschoolinTexas,US,openedastorethatrunsongooddeeds.

InNovember,studentsfromLindaTuttHighSchoolinthecityofSangerlaunchedagrocery

storethatenablesstudentsto31.necessitiessuchastoiletpaper,meatandbasicfooditemsusing

apointsystem.Thestoreaimstosupportfamiliesinneed.

“Inourschooldistrict,thereare32.2,750studentsenrolledandthroughoutthedistrict,43

percentofthesestudentsareconsideredeconomically33,AnthonyLove,principalofLinda

TutttoldCNN."About3.6percentofourstudentsareconsideredhomeless.Wethoughtitwas

importantto34.themandtheirfamiliesandmakesuretheyhadfoodonthetable.,,

Studentsearnpointsby35.positivelytotheschool.Forthosestudentsfrompoorfamilies,

thepointsystemhasprovidedawayfbrthemtoshopfortheirfamilies,accordingtoLove."They

canearnpointsfbrdoingchoresaroundthebuildingorhelpingtoclean,“hesaid.

WiththehelpofpartnerslikeTexasHealth.AlbertsonsandFirstRefugeMinistries,the

schoolwasabletostocktheshelves.

Thenumberofpointsforeachitemwasactually36.bythestudents.6tSowewalkedthrough

hereanddecidedthatacanofgreenbeanswasonepoint,"saidPaulJuarez,theexecutivedirector

ofFirstRefugeMinistries.

Juarezsaidthathehopestheideagets37.inotherareas.uItgivesusapictureofwhatcan

be.Soifwecandothisinsideotherschools,itwilldoawholelottohelpothersmalltowns.”

Inadditiontothe38?benefits,studentsalsolearnaboutsupplymanagementandcustomer

service,andsuchlessonscouldpreparethemfbrfuturejobs.

Thegrocerystore'sstudentmanager,HunterWeertman,saidhehasalreadylearnedimportant

lifeskillsfromhisexperienceatthestore,suchasmakinggoodspendingchoicesandbudgeting.

Thestore39.wasalsowelcomedbyThomasMuir,Sangersmayor.uWeallhadourfirstjobs

andittaughtushowtowork,andwhatyougotforyourwork,“hesaid."Ithinkthiswilldothat

forthemtoo,andalsomeetan40.need.^^

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,

B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Manythingshappenwhenpeopleareageing.Apartfromthegreyinghairandwrinkledskin,

thereisa（n）41changewhichcomeswitholderage.Whenhumansreachtheirlateryears,

theyfavourmorelong-term42andtheirsocialcireleisreduced.

Now,forwhatappearstobethefirsttime,scientistshaveseenthesame43in

anotherspecies.Twentyyearsofobservationsofchimpanzees（猩猩）revealthatoldermales

choosetokeepcontactwiththeir44friendsattheexpenseofotherrelationships.

Theresearchersstudied78,000hoursofobservationsmadebetween1996and2016that

followedthesocial45of21malechimpanzeesbetweentheagesof15and58yearsold.

Theyclassifiedthechimps'46dependingontheamountoftimetheysatwithothersand

groomed（梳毛）them.Theythenrated（分類）thevariouspairingsasmutual（相互的）friendships,

wherebothchimpsseemedtoenjoytherelationship;47friendships,whereonechimp

wasmorekeentobefriendsthantheother;andnon-friendships,whereneitherchimpshowed___

48theother.

Whenthescientistslookedatthe49offriendships,theyfoundthattheolderchimps

hadmoremutualfriendshipsandfewerone-sidedfriendshipsthanyoungerchimps.Another___

50seeninolderhumanswasalsospottedinthechimps.Asthemalesgotolder,theirlevelsof

51graduallybecomeless,meaningtheystartedfewerfightsandtendedtothreatenothersin

theirgrouplessoften.

Theobservationshavelefttheresearchers52.Accordingtoanideainpsychology

knownassocio-emotionalselectivitytheory,olderhumansprefermore53relationships

becausetheyareawarethattimeisrunningout.Howevermanyanimalexpertsarguethat

chimpanzees54thehumansenseofmortality（死亡）,suggestingsomethingelseis

drivingthebehaviour.

RobinDunbar,aprofessorofevolutionarypsychologyattheUniversityofOxford,saidin

humans,the55socialcircleswithageisduetodecliningsocialmotivationtogetoutand

meetpeoplecombinedbylackofopportunity.Inchimpanzees,asoldermalescompetelessfor

mates,theymayfocusonclose,reciprocal（互惠的）relationshipswithtrustedpartners,hesaid.

41.A.physicalB.intellectualC.emotionalD.functional

42.A.habitsB.friendsC.tasksD.ideas

43.A.problemB.obstacleC.struggleD.behaviour

44.A.establishedB.respectiveC.experiencedD.thoughtful

45.A.skillsB.reputationsC.interactionsD.positions

46.A.intelligenceB.relationshipsC.popularityD.performances

47.A.easy-goingB.warm-heartedC.self-relyingD.one-sided

48.A.respectforB.couragetoC.interestinD.loyaltyto

49.A.patternsB.importanceC.meaningsD.development

50.A.instinctB.disadvantageC.featureD.belief

51.A.responsibilityB.aggressionC.reliabilityD.advancement

52.A.delightedB.amusedC.relivedD.puzzled

53.A.unknownB.positiveC.insecureD.senseless

54.A.lackB.obtainC.imitateD.abandon

55.A.absencefromB.isolationfromC.decreaseinD.distinctionin

SectionB

Direction：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsor

unfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe

onethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

（A）

JessicaReindahlhadbigdreamsgrowingupasanonlychildinamilitaryfamily-shewanted

tofly,servehercountryand,finally,helppeople.

“IwantedtoflybecauseIjustlovedtheexcitementtogetofTdeckandintheair,^^Reindahl

says."IwantedtoservemycountrybecauseIwantedtobeapartofsomethingbiggerthanallof

us.

Reindahrsfirsttwodreamscametrueduringanine-yearserviceintheU.S.Navy.Reindahl

workedasaflightengineeronnavalaircraftsince2007.“Ikepttheplanereadytoflybothonthe

groundandintheair,“Reindahlsays.

WhileintheMiddleEast,ReindahlmetanursewhoflewintheNavy."Isawhowdevoted

andpresenttheywerewiththecareoftheirpatientsanditcompletelyinspiredme,^^Reindahlsays.

“Fromthatday,IknewIwantedtobeanurse.,,

Whensheleftactivedutyin2016,ReindahlappliedtoUW-EauClaireforanursingdegree.

Andherfinalgoalwillbeachievedthismonthwhenshegraduates.

“Iwanttogiveback,,,Reindahlsays.lovelearningaboutscience,andifthatcansavea

life,ormaketheworldbetter,thenIwanttohelp.”

Dr.MeganLagunas,assistantprofessoroftheCollegeofNursingandHealthSciences,

regardsReindahlassomeonewhowillbeanassettothenursingprofession/'Jessica^different

background^^allowshertobringherownperspective(視角)tonursingschoolwhichpositively

challengeseveryoneinthoselearningenvironmentstothinkbeyondtheirownviewpoint,

Lagunassays."Thenursingprofessionisluckytohaveher.”

56.WhydidJessicaReindahlwanttofly?

A.Becauseshelikedthefeelingofflying.B.Becauseshewantedtoservehercountry.

C.Becauseshedecidedtofollowherfather.D.Becauseshemeanttogivebacktoothers.

57.WhatinspiredReindahltobeanurse?

A.Herdifferentbackground.B.Herexperiencewithanurse.

C.Herdevotiontohercountry.D.Herprofessor'sencouragement.

58.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“anasset“inParagraph7referto?

A.Aluckyperson.B.Alearnedperson.C.Avaluableperson.D.Apowerfulperson.

59.WhatcanwelearnfromRcindahEsstory?

A.Likefather,likeson.B.Rosesgiven,fragranceinhand.

C.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.D.Nothingisimpossibleforawillingheart.

(B)

GrandCanyonNationalPark

LocatedentirelyinnorthernArizona,theparkcovers277milesoftheColoradoRiverand

adjacentuplands.Oneofthemostspectacularexamplesoferosionanywhereintheworld,Grand

Canyonisunmatchedintheincomparablevistasitofferstovisitorsontherim.GrandCanyon

NationalParkisaWorldHeritageSite.

ParkOpeningsandClosings

TheVillageandDesertViewontheSouthRimareopenallyearandparkentrancesremain

open24hoursaday.NorthRimfacilitiesopenmid-Mayandclosemid-October.Parkentrances

remainopen24hoursadayduringthistime.Hoursforvisitorcentersandbusinessesvary

throughouttheyear.

ParkInformation

TheparkproducesaPocketMapwithaNorthRimandSouthRimeditionthatcontainsa

mapandinformationaboutservices,facilities,andparkrangerprograms.ItisavailableinFrench,

German,Japanese,Italian,Spanish,Korean,andChinese.Ahikingbrochureisavailableforthose

planningtohikeoneofthepark'smaintrailsdownintoGrandCanyon.Obtainpublicationsat

entrancestations,visitorcenters,oral/136ojl.

Accessibility

ManyofthefacilitiesatGrandCanyonarehistoricandbuiltbeforecurrentaccessibility

standardswereset.Theterrainisruggedwithnarrow,rockytrailsandsteepcliffs.Visitorsusing

wheelchairsorhavingvisualimpairmentsmayneedassistance.Formoreinformationabout

accessibilityinGrandCanyonNationalPark,see/lrtxl2.

ParkEntranceFees

Feescollectedsupportprojectsinthepark.Admissiontotheparkis$35perprivatevehicle;

$30permotorcycle;and$20perpersonenteringtheparkviaGrandCanyonRailway,parkshuttle

bus,privateraftingtrip,walking,orridingabicycle.Thepasscanbeusedforsevendaysand

includesbothrims.Payfeesatparkentrancestationsoratsomebusinessesoutsidethepark.

EveryyeartheNationalParkServiceoffersentrancefeefreedays.Forcompletefeeinformation,

includingAnnual,ActiveMilitary,Senior,andAccesspasses,visit/y5uu6f.

Sustainability

GrandCanyonNationalParkincorporatessustainabilityintoallaspectsofitsoperations.Use

yourrefillablewaterbottletofilluponfreeGrandCanyonspringwateratmajortrailheads,visitor

centersandgrocerystores.Pleaserecycle-recyclingcontainersareconvenientlylocatedandas

commonastrashbins.Discoverwhatelseyoucandotoprotecttheenvironmentwhiletraveling

hereandbeyondat/lb2rzl.

60.Peoplewithphysicaldisabilitiescanfinddetailedinformationonparkfacilitiesdesignedfbr

thembyvisiting.

A./y5uu6fB./lrtxl2

C./136ojlD./lb2rzt

61.Whatistheadmissionfeeifyouandyourparentsplantogoonaten-dayvacationtoGrand

CanyonNationalParkbydrivingacar?

A.$35.B.$60.C.$70.D.$120.

62.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Visitorshaveyear-roundaccesstoeverycornerofthenationalpark.

B.HikerswhocanonlyspeakChinesecannotexploretheNorthRimwithoutaninterpreter.

C.TheGrandCanyonfeaturesisoneoftheworld'smostvisuallybreathtakinglandscapes.

D.VisitorsareforbiddentoleaveanytrashintheNationalParktomaintainsustainability.

（C）

Aseismic（地震的；重大的）shiftinclimatesciencemightbeheatingup.

Newresearchshowsthatsoundwaves,producedbyearthquakescanbeusedtomeasure

temperaturesintheoceanwhichtraps90%oftheheatEarthabsorbsfromthesun,making

long-termchangesinoceanwarmth,amajorfactorinhowtheworldmightrespondtoglobal

warming.

ForyearsthemainapproachofmeasuringoceantemperaturehasbeenArgo,anarray（陣歹ij）

of4000automaticfloats,whichdriftstheglobe,samplingoceanwaterandmeasuringits

temperature.YetArgomeasurementsstopat2000meters.

Thenewtechniquecalled“SeismicOceanThermometry",wouldbeespeciallyusefulin

detectinglong-termchangesinoceantemperaturesdeeperthanArgo'sreach.

“OceanAcousticTomography”,thebasisfbrthecurrentresearch,wasfirsttestednearly30

yearsago.Theinitialstudiescreatedsoundwavesartificially,basicallyincreasingthevolumeon

giantunderwaterspeakers.Scientistsmeasuredthesound'straveltimefromthespeakersto

receiversthousandsofkilometersaway.Becauseoceantemperaturesaffectthespeedofthewaves,

theresearcherscouldcalculateaveragetemperaturesalongtheirpaths.Butsomebelievedthe

noisewasathreattooceanlifeandthetechniquenevertookoff.

Thenewstudyinsteadusesanaturalsoundsourceforinvestigation：earthquakesmakinga

low,continuousnoisebeneaththeseaflooroffthecoastofSumatrathatdrumupsoundwavesin

theocean.OntheshoresoftheChagosIslandsintheEastIndianOcean,between2005and2016

SeismicStationDiegoGarciarecordedseismicwavesproducedbythoseearthquakes.Someof

thosewavescreatedphysicalchangesinlandandseaastheytraveled.Othersweresoundwaves

orTwavesthatmovedthroughthedeepocean,deliveringvaluabledataaboutoceantemperature.

12yearsofdatacoupledwithmathematicalmodelspointedtoatemperaturechangeof

roughly0.044degreesperdecade,atrendlargerthanthosepredictedbyArgo.Thefindings

suggestthatSeismicOceanThermometryisafeasiblemethodtomeasurechangesinocean

temperature.Furtherdatafromotherregionsoftheglobeandothertimeframeswouldhelp

improvethewarningmodelsandpredictions.

Andinfuturestudiestheresearchersplantolistendirectlyforsoundwaves,usinganetwork

ofhydrophones,microphoneswhichdetectsoundwavesunderwater.Soundwavessetthetone

foradeepdiveintoourwarmingoceanseveniftheyfailtoreach60000milesunderthesea?

63.WhatdisadvantagedoesArgohave?

A.Itsreachislimited.B.Ittakeslongtocollectsamples.

C.Itdoesn'tworkglobally.D.Itspredictionisn'treliableatall.

64.ItcanbelearnedthatOceanAcousticTomography.

A.wastestedmanytimesbutneversucceeded

B.remainedunpopularforfearofpotentialharm

C.wasassumedtobetoocomplicatedtobecontrollable

D.measuredoceantemperaturejustasthenewresearchdoes

65.Itcanbeinferredfromthenewfindingsthat.

A.somewanningisworkingitswaydeeperintotheocean

B.oceantemperatureisrisingfasterowingtoearthquakes

C.soundtravelsfasterincolderwaterthaninhotterwater

D.soundwaveswillslowdownthewarmingoftheocean

66.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.SoundWavesFirstAppliedtoClimateScience.

B.NewFactorsFoundtoBeHeatinguptheOcean.

C.ANaturalApproachHoldingBackGlobalWarming.

D.Ocean'sHiddenHeatMeasuredwithEarthquakeSounds.

SectionC

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentenceslistedbelow.Eachsentence

canonlybeusedonce.Notethattherearetwosentencesmorethanyouneed.

A.Overthecourseoffivedecadestheirguidelineshavebecomewidelyacceptedworldwide.

B.Theawarenessofanimalprotectioncontributestothedeclineofthenumber.

C.Humanvolunteersmustbeabletoreplacemonkeysmoreandmoreinthenext10to20years.

D.Newexperimentaltechniqueshelptopushnumbersdown.

E.ltssupporterspointtothelonglistofmedicaladvancesmadepossiblewiththehelpofanimal

research.

F.Thenumberoftheanimalsusedinresearchisstillconsiderable.

WillExperimentationonAnimalsEnd?

Oneofthemostdebatableissuesinscienceistheuseofanimalsinresearch.Scientists

experimentonanimalsfordifferentreasons,includingbasicresearchtoexplorehoworganisms

function,investigatingpotentialtreatmentsfbrhumandisease,andsafetyandqualitycontrol

testingofdrugs,devicesandotherproducts.

67.However,opponentsbelieveitiscruelandmeaningless,asobservationsinanimalsoften

donottranslatedirectlytohumans.

In1959,WilliamRussellandRexBurchproposedtheir“3Rs"guidelinesformakingtheuse

ofanimalsinscientificresearchmorehumane:restricttheuseofanimals;refineexperimentsto

minimizedistress;andreplacetestswithalternativetechniques.68.Around29millionanimals

peryeararecurrentlyusedinexperimentsintheU.S.andEuropeansUnioncountries.Thisisless

thanhalfthetotalinthemid-1970sasignificantdrop.

69.Improvementsinimagingmethodsthatofferalookinsidethebodiesofanimalsallow

scientiststogetmoreandbetterdatafromeachexperimentthanbefore.

Forexample,researcherspreviouslyhadtodoexperimentswithmultiplemiceatdifferent

stagesofcancerdevelopment,butnowtheycanwatchthediseasedevelopinasingleliving

animalusingadye.Similarly,asbrain-imagingtechniquesbecomemoreadvanced,some

questionsthatwereaddressedwithexperimentsinmonkeysbeforemaybebetteransweredby

lookingintothehumanbrainnow."70."saysLarryCarbone,aseniorveterinarian^|§）atthe

UniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco.

SectionD

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,Summarizethemainideaandthemainpointsofthe

passageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

HerbalMedicine

NothinginmylifehadpreparedmeforwhatIhadtodo.Choosingmywordscarefully,and

fightingtostaycalm,Itoldmy4-year-oiddaughterthathergrandmotherhadsufferedastroke（中

風(fēng)）,thatshewasunconscious,andthatthedoctorssaidshewouldprobablyneverwakeup.As

shemovedclosertome,Amelialookedatme,eyesbright,andsaid,“MaybeGrandmawillbe

okay.”"Maybeshewill,“Isaid,keepingbackthetears,ButIknewbetter.Iwasflyingupto

MyrtleBeach,SouthCarolina,fromourFloridahomeinthemorningtosaygood-byetomymom.

Therestofthatawfulweek,Ijoinedmybrotherandfathersittingbymymother'ssideinthe

hospitalroom.Iheldherhandandtalkedtoher.Itoldherthatwestillneededher.Itoldherthatit

wasn'ttimetoleaveyet.ItoldherhowmuchIlovedher.AndItoldherthatherlittle

granddaughter,Amelia,believedthatshe'dgetbetter.Thedoctors,withalltheiryearsoftraining

andexperience,offerednohopeforrecovery.Thedamagewassimplytooextens