Unit 7 課時(shí)5 Section B3a-Self Check【學(xué)案】（核心提要+精講專(zhuān)練） 人教版 八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)教材講義

Unit7What’sthehighestmountainintheworld？課時(shí)5SectionB（3a-SelfCheck)Learningaims:1.Tolearnaboutwhalesandwhytheyneedtobeprotected2.Topracticetheuseofthecomparativesandsuperlativesofadjectives重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語(yǔ)(一)數(shù)據(jù)描述類(lèi)短語(yǔ)1.550米深_____________________ 2.8,844米高_(dá)____________________3.2,400公里長(zhǎng)_____________________ 4.960萬(wàn)平方公里_____________________5.10千克_____________________ 6.300年歷史_____________________(二)含最高級(jí)的短語(yǔ)1.最長(zhǎng)/短的河流_____________________ 2.最大/小的沙漠_____________________3.最重/輕的熊貓_____________________ 4.最多/少的竹子_____________________5.最危險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)_____________________ 6.最普遍的問(wèn)題_____________________7.最著名的部分_____________________ 8.最深的咸水湖_____________________9.最高的山脈_____________________ 10.最多的人口_____________________(三)其他短語(yǔ)1.每?jī)赡阓____________________ 2.……的重要性_____________________3.瀕危動(dòng)物_____________________ 4.就我所知_____________________5.水污染_____________________ 6.主要的原因之一______________________7.長(zhǎng)城之旅_____________________ 8.登山_____________________9.出生時(shí)_____________________10.到達(dá)(某數(shù)量、程度等)；至多有；不多于_____________________11.絆倒_____________________ 12.大約_____________________（一）形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)1.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)的變化規(guī)則（1）規(guī)則變化情況規(guī)則例詞一般情況直接加-es/-esttall→taller→tallest以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的詞加-r/-stnice→nicer→nicest以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加-er/-estdry→drier→driestheavy→heavier→heaviest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加-er/-estthin→thinner→thinnest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加more/mostdelicious→moredelicious→mostdelicious（2）不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good,wellbetterbestbad,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest2.形容詞/副詞原級(jí)的用法（1）用于＂as...as...＂結(jié)構(gòu)中，否定形式為notas/so...as...。Thispictureisnotsogoodasthatone.這幅畫(huà)不如那幅好。LiHua’sshoesareas________asZhangHui’s.A.cheap B.cheaper C.thecheapest（2）表示＂A是B的……倍＂時(shí)，用A＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋倍數(shù)＋as＋原級(jí)＋asB。Ourschoolistwiceaslargeastheirs.我們學(xué)校是他們學(xué)校的兩倍大。（3）修飾形容詞原級(jí)的詞：very，too，so，enough等。Thegirlissobeautiful.這個(gè)女孩是如此的漂亮。3.形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)的用法（1）A＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋比較級(jí)＋thanB...A比B……Mybikeismorebeautifulthanhers.我的自行車(chē)比她的好看。Peteris15yearsold.Heis_________thanhisfather.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest（2）Which/Who＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋比較級(jí)，AorB?Whorunsfaster,JimorTom?誰(shuí)跑得更快，吉姆還是湯姆？—Whichseasondoyoulike__________inPanzhihua,thedryseasonorrainyseason?—Therainyseason.A.wellB.betterC.bestD.thebest（3）表示＂越來(lái)越……＂時(shí)用比較級(jí)的重疊結(jié)構(gòu)，即＂比較級(jí)＋and＋比較級(jí)＂，多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞用＂moreandmore＋原級(jí)＂。It’sbecomingcolderandcolder.天氣變得越來(lái)越冷了。Theproblemisbecomingmoreandmoreserious.問(wèn)題變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重了?！猂oyneverlikesjunkfood.—NeitherdoI.That’sprobablywhyI’mbecoming_______now.A.healthyandweak B.healthierandhealthierC.weakerandweaker D.moreandmorehealthily（4）表示＂越……就越……＂時(shí)用＂the＋比較級(jí)，the＋比較級(jí)＂。Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyouwillmake.你越細(xì)心，犯的錯(cuò)就會(huì)越少。Theearlierkidslearntobeindependent,the__________itisfortheirfuture.A.goodB.wellC.betterD.best（5）表示＂兩者之間比較……的一個(gè)＂時(shí)常用＂the＋比較級(jí)＋ofthetwo＂。Heisthethinnerofthetwo.他是兩個(gè)中較瘦的那一個(gè)。Ofthetwoshirts,I’dliketochoosethe__________onetosavesomemoneyforacap.A.cheapestB.cheaperC.moreexpensiveD.mostexpensive（6）修飾比較級(jí)的詞和短語(yǔ)有alittle，abit，alot，much，far，even等。YouarealittlethinnerthanJim.你比吉姆瘦點(diǎn)兒。Theboxwas_______thanIhadexpected.IwasoutofbreathwhenIgothome.A.moreheavier B.muchheavierC.littleheavierD.veryheavier4.形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)用法（1）三者或三者以上比較用最高級(jí)，形容詞最高級(jí)前加the，副詞可不加。句末常跟in/of短語(yǔ)表示范圍。Tomisthecleverestinhisclass.湯姆是他班里最聰明的。Herunsfastestintheclass.在這個(gè)班里他跑得最快?！狶ilyhastwosisters,doesn’tshe?—Yes.She’stallerandolderthanhertwosisters,butshe’snot_________oneofthethree.A.thetallestB.youngestC.shortestD.thecleverest（2）Which/Who＋謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞＋the＋形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)，A，BorC?Whoisthetallest,Tom,KateorBill?誰(shuí)是最高的，湯姆、凱特還是比爾？—Whichcityis_________________beautiful,Hangzhou,BeijingorShanghai?—Hangzhou,Ithink.A.themostB.thebetterC.more（3）表示＂最……的……之一＂時(shí)用oneof＋the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞。MissXuisoneofthemostpopularteachersinourschool.徐老師是我們學(xué)校最受歡迎的老師之一。Thistempleisoneof_________________buildingsinthetown.Wemusttakeactiontoprotectit.A.oldB.olderC.oldestD.theoldest（4）表示＂第幾最……＂時(shí)，可在最高級(jí)前加序數(shù)詞。TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黃河是中國(guó)的第二長(zhǎng)河。【注意】有些形容詞，如dead，empty，round，sure，woolen等受本身含義的限制，沒(méi)有比較級(jí)。（二）基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞(1)1—10one,two,three,...ten(2)11—20eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,...twenty(3)21—99twenty-one,...ninety-nine(4)百位數(shù)101——onehundredandone注意百位與十位間加and(5)千位數(shù)以上從數(shù)字的右端往左數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個(gè)逗號(hào)＂，＂，從右開(kāi)始第一個(gè)前面的數(shù)字加thousand，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)字加million，第三個(gè)逗號(hào)前的數(shù)字加billion，然后一節(jié)一節(jié)分別表示。2,648——twothousandsixhundredandforty-eight16,250,164——sixteenmilliontwohundredandfiftythousandonehundredandsixty-four5,237,166,234——fivebilliontwohundredandthirty-sevenmilliononehundredandsixty-sixthousandandtwohundredandthirty-four表示＂數(shù)以百計(jì)＂用hundredsof；＂成千上萬(wàn)＂用thousandsof；＂數(shù)百萬(wàn)＂用millionsof；＂數(shù)十億＂用billionsof，且它們前面不可加任何具體的數(shù)詞。也就是說(shuō)當(dāng)hundred，thousand，million，billion前有具體的數(shù)詞時(shí)，其后不能加-s；但當(dāng)hundred，thousand，million，billion與of連用時(shí)，則用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示不確定的數(shù)目，其前不能有具體的數(shù)詞。Therearehundredsofforeignstudentsintheirschool.他們學(xué)校有數(shù)百名外國(guó)學(xué)生。Sixhundredbooksweresenttothechildren.六百本書(shū)被郵寄給了孩子們。學(xué)@科網(wǎng)巧記hundred，thousand，million的用法：模糊數(shù)目?jī)捎校ㄓ衧，有of），具體數(shù)目?jī)蔁o(wú)（無(wú)s，無(wú)of）。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Qomolangmaisabout8844.43meters________.It’sthehighestmountainintheworld.A．long B．wide C．high D．deep2．Thefansshoutedwith_________whentheysawthefamoussinger.A．exciting B．excite C．excited D．excitement3．Ifmorepeoplegotoworkbybus,therewillbe________airpollution.A．fewer B．less C．fewest D．least4．Ithinktherewillbe_______airpollutionwhenthereare________peopledriving.A．less,less B．less,fewer C．fewer,less5．________studentseatlunchatschooleveryweekday.A．Hundredsof B．Hundreds C．Twohundredof二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空6．It’seven________(importance)foreachfamilytohavehappychildrenthansuccessfulchildren.7．It’sthe________(ugly)cityIhaveeverseeninthisbeautifulcountry.8．Sallythinksnewsis________(education)thancomedies.9．Thisisthe________(good)CDIhaveevergot.Wheredidyoubuyit?10．Ofallthesubjects,Englishis________(interesting)forme.完形填空WhereverPaulHortongoes,hissix-year-olddogYogiwalkscloselybehindhim.Theyhavealwaysbeenbestfriends.OneOctobermorning,Hortonwas____11____hisbikeintheneighborhood.Yogiran____12____besidehismaster(主人).Yogihaddoneiteverymorningfornearlythreeyears.____13____theycametoatallstoneedge(邊緣),Hortonwantedtojumpdownfromhisbike.ButthewheelhitthestoneandHortonfelldown____14____.AsHortontriedtorise,he____15____thesituationwasverybad.Hecouldn’tfeelhislegs.WhenHortonwas____16____ontheground,Yogiwasbyhissidenervously.Hortonsaid,“Gohome,Yogi.Goandget____17____tohelp.”Hortonsaidthewordsslowly,againandagain.____18____,Yogirefusedtoleave.ButHortoncontinuedaskingYogitogo.Finally,thedog____19____.Thatmorning,BruceTateandMaggieTate,twoofHorton’sneighbors,weretakingawalk.WhentheysawYogirunningdownthestreetalone,theythoughtitwasvery____20____.Thedogneverdidthatbefore.Sotheydecidedto____21____Yogitoseewhathappened.Thewaitwasagony(痛苦)forHorton.WhenheheardthesoundofYogi,he____22____hiseyesandsawtheTates.TheyweresurprisedatHorton’sconditionandtheysenthimtothehospitalquickly.____23____hehastomoveinawheelchair(輪椅)now,Hortonfeelsbetter.HortonsaysthatYogiandhearemuchcloserafterthe____24____.“I’mverythankfultoYogi.Heplayedavery____25____roleinsavingmylife.He’smywatchdogandmyhero,”Hortonsays.11．A．carrying B．repairing C．making D．riding12．A．finally B．suddenly C．happily D．seriously13．A．When B．Which C．Where D．What14．A．happily B．heavily C．recently D．carefully15．A．wondered B．explained C．caused D．realized16．A．sleeping B．training C．lying D．relaxing17．A．everyone B．someone C．a(chǎn)nything D．nothing18．A．Atfirst B．Atmost C．Atleast D．Atlast19．A．dieddown B．tookdown C．ranaway D．gaveaway20．A．proper B．normal C．typical D．strange21．A．push B．follow C．beat D．sell22．A．opened B．chose C．became D．minded23．A．However B．Unless C．Though D．Because24．A．storm B．report C．party D．a(chǎn)ccident25．A．traditional B．important C．famous D．dangerous閱讀理解AAllaboard!Let’stakearideontheworld’shighestrailway—theQinghai-TibetRailway（青藏鐵路）.Sitbackandenjoythejourney.Getreadyforthetripofalifetime.We’releavingQinghaiStation.ThesceneryalongthewayissomeofthewildestinallofChina.Keepyoureyesopenasweracethroughthisbeautifulland.YoumightseearareTibetanantelope（藏羚羊）fromyourwindow.Beforewebeginourjourney,let’slearnaboutthisamazingrailway.It’strulyoneofthegreatengineeringwondersofthe21stcentury.WhenitwascompletedonJuly1,2006,theTibetRailwaysetnineworldrecords,includingtheworld’shighestrailwayat5,072metresabovesealevel,theworld’shighesttunnel（隧道）at4,905metres,andthelongesttunneleverbuiltonpermafrost（凍土）.Aswetravelhigher,theairgetsthinnerandthinner.Soontherewillonlybe50to60percentoftheoxygenwhichweareusedtobreathing.Butdon’tbeafraid.Eachrailcarhastwoseparateoxygensystems.Onesystemspreadsoxygenthroughoutthetrainatalltimes.Andeachpassengercanalsogetapersonaloxygenmaskjustlikethoseusedinplanes.Hereareafewmorethingstothinkaboutasourtrainleavesthestation.Thedesignerssolvedthreemainchallengeswhenbuildingthisgreatrailway.First,thehighaltitude（海拔）madethetaskdifficultbecausetherewasnoenoughoxygen.Second,muchoftherailwayrunsacrosspermafrost,atypeofgroundthatkeepschangingastheweatherwarmsandcools.Finally,therailwaygoesthroughsomeofthemostsensitiveecology（敏感的生態(tài)環(huán)境）inChina.Greatcarewasnecessarytomakesureofthesmallestpossibleinfluenceonnature.Allthreechallengesweremet,makingourtrippossible.Allaboard!ThetraintoTibetisleavinginfifteenminutes.26．Wherearethepassengers?A．Onabus. B．Onatrain. C．Onaship. D．Onaplane.27．Howdoesthetextshowtherailwayisamazinginparagraph3?A．Bytellingastory. B．Byusingadesigner’swords.C．Byintroducingitsworldrecords. D．Bycomparingthepresentwiththepast.28．Howmanyoxygensystemsarethereineachrailcar?A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.29．Whichofthefollowingincreasedthedifficultyofbuildingtherailway?A．Thechangingground. B．Thepollutedair. C．Thedangerousanimals. D．Thehotweather.BQomolangmaisthethirdmountainoftheHimalayas,soitiscalledtheThirdGodMountaininTibetanlanguage.Qomolangmaisveryfamousanditishigherthananyothermountainintheworld.Itsnewestheightis8,848.86meters,whichwasannouncedonDecember8th,2020.Attheheightof8,000meters,thereisonly30%O2andthehumanbodycanonlystandthisheightforafewdays,soitisdangerousforhumanstoclimbhigher.Butmanyclimberswanttochallengethemselvesinthefaceofdifficulties.AsAlanArnette,amountainclimberfromAmerica,said“Climbingmountainsdrivesyoutolookdeepinsideyourself,andletsyoufindoutwhetheryouarehealthyenoughandstrongenoughinmindwhenyouwanttostop.”It’sagoodthingthatQomolangmagivespeopleachancetobecomestrong-willed(意志堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的)whentryingtoachievetheirdreams.▲becausemanypeopleleavetheirwastebehind,suchaswaterbottlesandplasticbags.TheycausetheenvironmentalpollutionforQomolangma.Manylocalfarmerssaidtheirsheepandcowswoulddieaftereatingtheplasticbagsanditwastoodifficulttocleanthemup.Luckily,manyvolunteersfromallovertheworldcametoQomolangmatojoinintheclean-upactivity.Avolunteeradvised,“WhenclimbingQomolangma,mountainclimbingloversshouldalwaystakegoodcareofthemselves,andatthesametime,takegoodcareofQomolangma.”30．What’sthenewestheightofQomolangma?A．8,000meters. B．8,844.43meters. C．8,848.86meters. D．8,848.84meters.31．AccordingtoAlan’swords,________toclimbmountains.A．youhadbetterforget B．youwillbeingreatdangerC．youneedtobehealthyenough D．you’llknowbetteraboutyourself32．Whichcanbethebestsentencefor▲?A．However,theseyears,QomolangmaisindangerB．ClimbersareeasytofalldownonthemountainC．ItisveryhardtotakeinairasyougetnearthetopD．Butitshowsthathumanscansometimesbestronger33．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”refertoinParagraph3?A．Localfarmers. B．Cowsandsheep. C．Plasticbags. D．Waterbottles.34．What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A．Qomolangma. B．Climbers. C．Himalayas. D．TibetanLanguage.【答案】30．C

31．D

32．A

33．C

34．A【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了珠穆朗瑪峰，并告訴我們要照顧好