2021年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題試卷附答案(完整版-第3套)

第第頁(yè)2021年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試真題試卷附答案(完整版第3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayontheimportanceofmotivationandmethodsinlearning.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

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PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)

說(shuō)明：由于2021年6月六級(jí)考試全國(guó)共考了兩套聽(tīng)力，本套真題聽(tīng)力與前2套內(nèi)容相同，只是選項(xiàng)順序不同，因此在本套真題中不再重復(fù)出現(xiàn)。

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Steelisvaluedforitsreliability,butnotwhenitgetscold.Mostformsofsteel__26__becomebrittle（脆的）attemperaturesbelowabout-25℃unlesstheyaremixedwithothermetals.Now,though,anoveltypeofsteelhasbeendevelopedthatresists__27__atmuchlowertemperatures,whileretainingitsstrengthandtoughness—withouttheneedforexpensive__28__.

Steel'sfragilityatlowtemperaturesfirstbecameamajorconcernduringtheSecondWorldWar.AfterGermanU-boatstorpedoed（用魚(yú)雷攻擊）numerousBritishships,a2,700-strongfleetofcheap-and-cheerful"Libertyships"wasintroducedtoreplacethelostvessels,providingalifelineforthe__29__British.Butthesteelshellsofhundredsoftheships__30__intheicynorthAtlantic,and12brokeinhalfandsank.

Brittlenessremainsaproblemwhenbuildingsteelstructuresincoldconditions,suchasoilrigsintheArctic.Soscientistshave__31__tofindasolutionbymixingitwithexpensivemetalssuchasnickel.

YuujiKimuraandcolleaguesinJapantriedamorephysical__32__.Ratherthanaddingothermetals,theydevelopedacomplexmechanicalprocessinvolvingrepeatedheatingandveryseveremechanicaldeformation,knownastempforming.

Theresultingsteelappearstoachieveacombinationofstrengthandtoughnessthatis__33__tothatofmodemsteelsthatareveryrichinalloycontentand,therefore,veryexpensive.

Kimura'steamintendstouseitstempformedsteeltomakeultra-highstrengthparts,suchasbolts.Theyhopetoreduceboththenumberof__34__neededinaconstructionjobandtheirweight—byreplacingsolidsupportswith__35__tubes,forexample.Thiscouldreducetheamountofsteelneededtomakeeverythingfromautomobilestobuildingsandbridges.

A）abruptly

B）additives

C）approach

D）ardently

E）besieged

F）channel

G）comparable

H）components

I）cracked

J）fractures

K）hollow

L）relevant

M）reshuffled

N）strived

O）violent

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Thefutureofpersonalsatellitetechnologyishere—arewereadyforit?

A）Satellitesusedtobetheexclusiveplaythingsofrichgovernmentsandwealthycorporations.Butincreasingly,asspacebecomesmoredemocratized,theyarecomingwithinreachofordinarypeople.Justlikedrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）beforethem,miniaturesatellitesarebeginningtofundamentallytransformourconceptionsofwhogetstodowhatupaboveourheads.

B）AsarecentreportfromtheNationalAcademyofScienceshighlights,thesesatellitesholdtremendouspotentialformakingsatellite-basedsciencemoreaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,asthecostofgettingyourownsatelliteinorbitdropssharply,therisksofirresponsibleusegrow.Thequestionhereisnolonger"Canwe?"but"Shouldwe?"Whatarethepotentialdownsidesofhavingasliceofspacedenselypopulatedbyequipmentbuiltbypeoplenottraditionallylabeledas"professionals"?Andwhatwouldtheresponsibleandbeneficialdevelopmentanduseofthistechnologyactuallylooklike?Someoftheanswersmaycomefromanonprofitorganizationthathasbeenbuildingandlaunchingamateursatellitesfornearly50years.

C）Havingyourpersonalsatellitelaunchedintoorbitmightsoundlikeanideastraightoutofsciencefiction.Butoverthepastfewdecadesauniqueclassofsatelliteshasbeencreatedthatfitsthebill:CubeSats.The"Cube"heresimplyreferstothesatellite'sshape.ThemostcommonCubeSatisa10cmcube,sosmallthatasingleCubeSatcouldeasilybemistakenforapaperweightonyourdesk.Thesemini-satellitescanfitinalaunchvehicle'sformerly"wastedspace."MultiplescanbedeployedincombinationformorecomplexmissionsthancouldbeachievedbyoneCubeSatalone.

D）Withintheircompactbodiestheseminutesatellitesareabletohousesensorsandcommunicationsreceivers/transmittersthatenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromspace,aswellasspacearoundEarth.They'reprimarilydesignedforLowEarthOrbit（LEO）—aneasilyaccessibleregionofspacefromaround200to800milesaboveEarth,wherehuman-tendedmissionsliketheHubbleSpaceTelescopeandtheInternationalSpaceStation（ISS）hangout.Buttheycanattainmoredistantorbits;NASAplansformostofitsfutureEarth-escapingpayloads（tothemoonandMarsespecially）tocarryCubeSats.

E）Becausethey'resosmallandlight,itcostsmuchlesstogetaCubSatintoEarth'sorbitthanatraditionalcommunicationsorGPSsatellite.Forinstance,aresearchgrouphereatArizonaStateUniversityrecentlyclaimedtheirdevelopmentalsmallCubeSatscouldcostaslittleas$3,000toputinorbit.Thisdecreaseincostallowsresearchers,hobbyistsandevenelementaryschoolgroupstoputsimpleinstrumentsintoLEOorevenhavingthemdeployedfromtheISS.

F）ThefirstCubeSatwascreatedintheearly2000s,asawayofenablingStanfordgraduatestudentstodesign,build,testandoperateaspacecraftwithsimilarcapabilitiestotheUSSR'sSputnik（前蘇聯(lián)的人造衛(wèi)星）.Sincethen,NASA,theNationalReconnaissanceOfficeandevenBoeinghavealllaunchedandoperatedCubeSats.Therearemorethan130currentlyinoperation.TheNASAEducationalLaunchofNanoSatelliteprogram,whichoffersfreelaunchesforeducationalgroupsandsciencemissions,isnowopentoU.S.nonprofitcorporationsaswell.Clearly,satellitesarenotjustforrocketscientistsanymore.

G）TheNationalAcademyofSciencesreportemphasizesCubeSats'importanceinscientificdiscoveryandthetrainingoffuturespacescientistsandengineers.YetitalsoacknowledgesthatwidespreaddeploymentofLEOCubeSatsisn'trisk-free.Thegreatestconcerntheauthorsraiseisspacedebris—piecesof"junk"thatorbittheearth,withthepotentialtocauseseriousdamageiftheycollidewithoperationalunits,includingtheISS.

H）Currently,therearen'tmanyCubeSatsandthey'retrackedclosely.YetasLEOopensuptomoreamateursatellites,theymayposeanincreasingthreat.Asthereportauthorspointout,evennear-missesmightleadtothe"creationofaburdensomeregulatoryframeworkandaffectthefuturedispositionofscienceCubeSats."

I）CubeSatresearcherssuggestthatnow'sthetimetoponderunexpectedandunintendedpossibleconsequencesofmorepeoplethaneverhavingaccesstotheirownsmallsliceofspace.InanerawhenyoucansimplybuyaCubeSatkitofftheshelf,howcanwetrustthesatellitesoverourheadsweredevelopedwithgoodintentionsbypeoplewhoknewwhattheyweredoing?Some"expertamateurs"inthesatellitegamecouldprovidesomeinspirationforhowtoproceedresponsibly.

J）In1969.theRadioAmateurSatelliteCorporation（AMSAT）wascreatedinordertofosterhamradioenthusiasts'（業(yè)余無(wú)線電愛(ài)好者）participationinspaceresearchandcommunication.Itcontinuedtheefforts,begunin1961,byProjectOSCAR—aU.S.-basedgroupthatbuiltandlaunchedtheveryfirstnongovernmentalsatellitejustfouryearsafterSputnik.Asanorganizationofvolunteers,AMSATwasputting"amateur"satellitesinorbitdecadesbeforethecurrentCubeSatcraze.Andovertime,itsmembershavelearnedathingortwoaboutresponsibility.Here,open-sourcedevelopmenthasbeenacentralprinciple.Withintheorganization,AMSAThasaphilosophyofopensourcingeverything—makingtechnicaldataonallaspectsoftheirsatellitesfullyavailabletoeveryoneintheorganization,andwhenpossible,thepublic.AccordingtoamemberoftheteamresponsibleforFOX1-A,AMSAT'sfirstCubeSat,thismeansthatthere'snowaytosneaksomethinglikeexplosivesoranenergyemitterintoanamateursatellitewheneveryonehasaccesstothedesignsandimplementation.

K）However,they'remorecautiousaboutsharinginformationwithnonmembers,astheorganizationguardsagainstothersdevelopingtheabilitytohijackandtakecontroloftheirsatellites.Thisformof"self-governance"ispossiblewithinlong-standingamateurorganizationsthat,overtime,areabletobuildasenseofresponsibilitytocommunitymembers,aswellassocietyingeneral.Butwhathappenswhennewplayersemerge,whodon'thavedeeprootswithintheexistingculture?

L）Hobbyistsandstudentsaregainingaccesstotechnologieswithoutbeingpartofalong-standingamateurestablishment.They'restillconstrainedbyfimders,launchprovidersandaseriesofregulations—allofwhichreininwhatCubeSatdeveloperscanandcannotdo.Butthere'sadangerthey'reill-equippedtothinkthroughpotentialunintendedconsequences.Whattheseunintendedconsequencesmightbeisadmittedlyfarfromclear.Yetweknowinnovatorscanberemarkablycreativewithtakingtechnologiesinunexpecteddirections.Thinkofsomethingasseeminglybenignasthecellphone—wehavemicrofinanceandtext-basedsocialnetworkingatoneendofthespectrum,andimprovised（臨時(shí)制作的）explosivedevicesattheother.

M）ThisiswhereacultureofsocialresponsibilityaroundCubeSatsbecomesimportant-notsimplytoensurethatphysicalrisksareminimized,buttoengagewithamuchlargercommunityinanticipatingandmanaginglessobviousconsequencesofthetechnology.Thisisnotaneasytask.YettheevidencefromAMSATandotherareasoftechnologydevelopmentsuggeststhatresponsibleamateurcommunitiescananddoemergearoundnoveltechnologies.Thechallengehere,ofcourse,isensuringthatwhatanamateurcommunityconsiderstoberesponsible,actuallyis.Here'swherethereneedstobeamuchwiderpublicconversationthatextendsbeyondgovernmentagenciesandscientificcommunitiestoincludestudents,hobbyists，andanyonewhomaypotentiallystandtobeaffectedbytheuseofCubeSattechnology.

36.Giventheeasieraccessibilitytospace,itistimetothinkabouthowtopreventmisuseofsatellites.

37.Agroupofmini-satellitescanworktogethertoaccomplishmorecomplextasks.

38.Thegreateraccessibilityofmini-satellitesincreasestherisksoftheirirresponsibleuse.

39.EvenschoolpupilscanhavetheirCubeSatsputinorbitowingtotheloweredlaunchingcost.

40.iscarefulaboutsharinginformationwithoutsiderstopreventhijackingoftheirsatellites.

41.NASAofferstolaunchCubeSatsfreeofchargeforeducationalandresearchpurposes.

42.Evenwithconstraints,itispossibleforsomecreativedeveloperstotaketheCubeSattechnologyindirectionsthatresultinharmfuloutcomes.

43.Whilemakingsignificantcontributionstospacescience,CubeSatsmayposehazardstootherspacevehicles.

44.Mini-satellitesenableoperatorstostudyEarthfromLEOandspacearoundit.

45.AMSAToperatesontheprincipleofhavingallitstechnicaldataaccessibletoitsmembers,preventingtheabuseofamateursatellites.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

WhenIre-enteredthefull-timeworkforceafewyearsagoafteradecadeofsolitaryself-employment,therewasonethingIwaslookingforwardtothemost:theopportunitytohaveworkfriendsonceagain.Itwasn'tuntilIenteredthecorporateworldthatIrealized,formeatleast,beingfriendswithcolleaguesdidn'temergeasapriorityatall.Thisissurprisingwhenyouconsidertheprevailingemphasisbyscholarsandtrainersandmanagersontheimportanceofcultivatingcloseinterpersonalrelationshipsatwork.Somuchresearchhasexploredthewayinwhichcollegial（同事的）tiescanhelpovercomearangeofworkplaceissuesaffectingproductivityandthequalityofworkoutputsuchasteam-basedconflict,jealousy,undermining,anger,andmore.

Perhapsmyexpectationsoflunches,water-coolergossipandcaring,deep-and-meaningfulconversationswerealegacyofthelasttimeIwasinthatkindofofficeenvironment.Whereasnow,asIneartheendofmyfourthdecade,Irealizeworkcanbefullyfunctionalandentirelyfulfillingwithoutneedingtobebestmateswiththepeoplesittingnexttoyou.

Inanacademicanalysisjustpublishedintheprofoundly-respectedJournalofManagement,researchershavelookedattheconceptof"indifferentrelationships".It'sasimpletermthatencapsulates（概括）thefactthatrelationshipsatworkcanreasonablybenon-intimate,inconsequential,unimportantandeven,dareIsayit,disposableorsubstitutable.

Indifferentrelationshipsareneitherpositivenornegative.Thelimitedresearchconductedthusfarindicatesthey'reespeciallydominantamongthosewhovalueindependenceovercooperation,andharmonyoverconfrontation.Indifferenceisalsothepreferredoptionamongthosewhoaresociallylazy.Maintainingrelationshipsoverthelongtermtakeseffort.Forsomeofus,toomucheffort.

Asnotedabove,indifferentrelationshipsmaynotalwaysbethemosthelpfulapproachinresolvingsomeoftheissuesthatpopupatwork.Buttherearenonethelessseveralempiricallyprovenbenefits.Oneofthoseisefficiency.Lesstimechattingandsocializingmeansmoretimeworkingand（產(chǎn)出）.

Theotherisself-esteem.Ashumanbeings,we'reprimedtocompareourselvestoeachotherinwhatisananxiety-inducingphenomenon.Apparently,welookdownonacquaintancesmoresothanMends.Sincetheformerismostcommonamongthoseinclinedtowardsindifferentrelationships,theirpredominancecanbolsterindividuals'senseofself-worth.

Egoaside,athirdadvantageisthattheemotionalneutralityofindifferentrelationshipshasbeenfoundtoenhancecriticalevaluation,tostrengthenone'sfocusontaskresolution,andtogaingreateraccesstovaluableinformation.Noneofthatmightbeasfunasafter-worksocializingbut,hey,I'lltakeitanyway.

46.Whatdidtheauthorrealizewhenhere-enteredthecorporateworld?

A）MakingnewMendswithhisworkmateswasnotaseasyashehadanticipated.

B）Cultivatingpositiveinterpersonalrelationshipshelpedhimexpelsolitaryfeelings.

C）Workinginthecorporateworldrequiresmoreinterpersonalskillsthanself-employment.

D）Buildingcloserelationshipswithhiscolleagueswasnotasimportantashehadejected.

47.Whatdowelearnfrommanystudiesaboutcollegialrelationships?

A）Inharmoniousrelationshipshaveanadverseeffectonproductivity.

B）Harmoniousrelationshipsarewhatmanycompaniesaimtocultivate.

C）Closecollegialrelationshipscontributeverylittletoproductquality.

D）Conflictingrelationshipsintheworkplaceexistalmosteverywhere.

48.Whatcanbeinferredaboutrelationshipsatworkfromanacademicanalysis?

A）Theyshouldbecultivated.

B）Theyarevirtuallyirrelevant.

C）Theyarevitaltocorporateculture.

D）Theyshouldbereasonablyintimate.

49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpeoplewhoaresociallylazy?

A）Theyfeeluncomfortablewhenengaginginsocialinteractions.

B）Theyoftenfindthemselvesinconfrontationwiththeircolleagues.

C）Theyareunwillingtomakeeffortstomaintainworkplacerelationships.

D）Theylackbasiccommunicationskillsindealingwithinterpersonalissues.

60.Whatisoneofthebenefitsofindifferentrelationships?

A）Theyprovidefunatwork.

B）Theyhelpcontrolemotions.

C）Theyhelpresolvedifferences.

D）Theyimproveworkefficiency.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Inafewdecades,artificialintelligence(AI)willsurpassmanyoftheabilitiesthatwebelievemakeusspecial.Thisisagrandchallengeforourageanditmayrequirean"irrational"response.

OneofthemostsignificantpiecesofnewsfromtheUSinearly2021wastheeffortsofGoogletomakeautonomousdrivingareality.Accordingtoareport,Google'sself-drivingcarsclocked1,023,330km,andrequiredhumanintervention124times.Thatisoneinterventionaboutevery8,047kmofautonomousdriving.Butevenmoreimpressiveistheprogressinjustasingleyear:humaninterventionsfellfrom0.8timesperthousandmilesto0.2,a400%improvement.Withsuchprogress,Google'scarswilleasilysurpassmyowndrivingabilitylaterthisyear.

Drivingonceseemedtobeaveryhumanskill.Butwesaidthataboutchess,too.Thenacomputerbeatthehumanworldchampion,repeatedly.TheboardgameGo（圍棋）tookoverfromchessasanewtestforhumanthinkingin2021,whenacomputerbeatoneoftheworld'sleadingprofessionalGoplayers.Withcomputersconqueringwhatusedtobedeeplyhumantasks,whatwillitmeaninthefuturetobehuman?Iworryaboutmysix-year-oldson.Whatwillhisplacebеinaworldwheremachinesbeatusinoneareaafteranother?He'llnevercalculatefaster,neverdrivebetter,orevenflymoresafely.Actually,itallcomesdowntoafairlysimplequestion：What'ssospecialaboutus?Itcan'tbeskillslikearithmetic,whichmachinesalreadyexcelin.Sofar,machineshaveaprettyhardtimeemulatingcreativity,arbitraryenoughnottobepredictedbyacomputer,andyetmorethansimplerandomness.

Perhaps,ifwecontinuetoimproveinformation-processingmachines,wellsoonhavehelpfulrationalassistants.Sowemustaimtocomplementtherationalityofthemachine,ratherthantocompetewithit.IfI'mright,weshouldfosteracreativespiritbecauseadoseofillogicalcreativitywillcomplementtherationalityofthemachine.Unfortunately,however,oureducationsystemhasnotcaughtuptotheapproachingreality.Indeed,ourschoolsanduniversitiesarestructuredtomouldpupilstobemostlyobedientservantsofrationality,andtodevelopoutdatedskillsininteractingwithoutdatedmachines.Weneedtohelpourchildrenlearnhowtobestworkwithsmartcomputerstoimprovehumandecision-making.Butmostofallweneedtokeepthelong-termperspectiveinmind:thatevenifcomputerswilloutsmartus,wecanstillbethemostcreative.Becauseifwearen't,wewon'tbeprovidingmuchvalueinfutureecosystems，andthatmayputinquestionthefoundationforourexistence.

51.Whatistheauthor'sgreatestconcernabouttheuseofAI?

A）Computersareperforminglotsofcreativetasks.

B）Manyabilitieswillceasetobeuniquetohumanbeings.

C）Computersmaybecomemorerationalthanhumans.

D）Manyhumanskillsarefastbecomingoutdated.

52.WhatimpressestheauthormostinthefieldofAI?

A）Google'sexperimentaldriverlesscarsrequirelittlehumanintervention.

B）Google'scarshavesurpassedhisdrivingabilityinjustasingleyear.

C）Googlehasmadehugeprogressinautonomousdrivinginashorttime.

D）Googlehasbecomeaworldleaderinthefieldofautonomousdriving.

53.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutcreativity?

A）Itisrational.

B）Itispredictable.

C）Itishumanspecific.

D）ItisyettobeemulatedbyAI.

54.WhatshouldschoolshelpchildrendointheeraofAI?

A）Cultivateoriginalthinking.

B）Learntoworkindependently.

C）Competewithsmartmachines.

D）UnderstandhowAIworks.

55.Howcanwehumansjustifyourfutureexistence?

A）Byconstantlyoutsmartingcomputers.

B）Byadoptingalong-termperspective.

C）ByrationallycompromisingwithAI.

D）Byprovidingvaluewithourcreativity.

PartIVTranslation(30minutes)

Directions:Forthispa