step-by-step-3000-第一冊第1單元ppt

Unit1EducationIsaKeyEducationIsakeyPartIWarmingupPartIIEducationalsystemsPartIIIUniversitylifePartVIUniversitycampusPartIWarmingupAVocabulary

Oxford: commonqualitycommitmententhusiasmmotivationacademicrecord

牛津共有的特性，質(zhì)量承諾熱情，狂熱動力，動機學(xué)術(shù)記錄AVocabularycontinueCambridgeUnitedKingdomreputationoutstandachievementundertakeSydneyestablish劍橋（大不列顛）聯(lián)合王國名氣，名聲，名譽卓越，杰出成就保證，擔任，從事，負責悉尼建立AVocabularycontinueinnovationexceldebatedramaexcellenceVictoriaserveapproximately改革優(yōu)于，擅長于辯論戲劇文學(xué)，戲劇卓越，杰出維多利亞為……服務(wù)大約，近似AVocabularycontinuefavorCanadaspectacularwestcoastBritishColumbiaNewZealandAuckland喜愛加拿大壯觀的，雄偉的西海岸英國的，大不列顛的哥倫比亞新西蘭（太平洋南部島國）奧克蘭（新西蘭一港市）AVocabularycontinue

situatecosmopolitanstimulateHarvardacreurbanBostonenrollment使位于……的地位世界性的刺激，激勵哈佛英畝（1英畝=4046.856平方米）城市的，市區(qū)的波士頓登記，注冊，招收AVocabularycontinuecomprisefacultycoeducationalawarddoctoralmasteradvanceddegreeCharlesRiver包括，由……組成能力，系，全體教職員男女合校的授予，頒發(fā)博士碩士高等學(xué)位查理河Aanswers1.Oxford/commitment/academicrecord2.oldest/largest/reputation/research/science3.first/Australia/150years/excels4.excellence/17,000/location5.largest/1883/situated/26,0006.1636/enrollment/18,500/schools7.awards/degrees/20,0008.located/135/thirdBVocabularystatementdialectregionalvarietyconductforeigndictionarySomalia陳述方言地區(qū)的，區(qū)域的品種，種類經(jīng)營，管理，控制外國的字典索馬里（Somali索馬里語）BVocabularycontinueAfricanentirecontinentspaceshipVoyageSecretaryGeneralTheUnitedNations非洲的全部的洲，大陸宇宙飛船，太空船這里指太空船的名字航天號秘書長聯(lián)合國Banswers2,700languages/7,000dialects/regional/pronunciationofficial/languageOnebillion/20percentFourhundredmillion/first/600million/second/foreign500,000words/Eightypercent/otherEightypercent/computersAfricancountry/same1,000/Africaspaceship/1977/55/message/theUnitedNationsCVocabularycommunicativelearnerauthority-orientedlearnerconcretelearnerexclusivelymixture交際學(xué)習(xí)者權(quán)威型學(xué)習(xí)者實體學(xué)習(xí)者專門的，專有的混合C

Allright,class.Todaywe’regoingtobelookingatdifferentlanguagelearningstyles.Youmaybesurprisedtofindthattherearedifferentwaysofgoingaboutlearninglanguages,noneofwhichisnecessarilybetterthantheothers.Researchershaveidentifiedfourbasiclearner“types”–thecommunicativelearner,theanalyticallearner,theauthority-orientedlearnerandtheconcretelearner.Communicativelearnersliketolearnbywatchingandlisteningtonativespeakers.Athome,theyliketolearnbywatchingTVandvideos.Theyliketolearnnewwordsbyhearingthem.Inclass,theyliketolearnbyhavingconversations.Now,concretelearnersliketolearnbyplayinggames,bylookingatpicturesandvideosinclass,bytalkinginpairs,andbylisteningtocassettesathomeandschool.Now,authority-orientedlearners,ontheotherhand,liketheteachertoexplaineverything.Theyliketowriteeverythingdownintheirnotebook,andtheyliketohaveatextbook.Theyliketolearnnewwordsbyseeingthem.Andfinally,wehaveanalyticallearners.Theselearnersliketolearnbystudyinggrammar.Athome,theyliketolearnbystudyingEnglishbooks,andtheyliketostudybythemselves.Theyliketofindtheirownmistakes.Now,ofcourse,it’sunusualforapersontobeexclusivelyone“type”ratherthananother.Mostofusaremixturesofstyles.Whattypeoflearnerdoyouthinkyouare?Canswers1–(a)2–(c)3–(d)4–(b)PartIIEducationalsystemsAVocabularyBritainprimaryschoolcomprehensivevocationalcoursesAlevelselementary

schoolkindergartenjuniorhighschool英國，大不列顛小學(xué)綜合的職業(yè)課高中小學(xué)幼兒園，學(xué)前班初中AVocabularycontinueseniorhighschoolfreshmansophomorejuniorseniorjuniorcollegebrieftime高中一年級學(xué)生，新生二年級學(xué)生三年級學(xué)生畢業(yè)班學(xué)生大專短時間，短期AVocabularycontinue

intermediateschoolqualificationentreeprovinciallocalschoolboardcommunitydiplomalabtechnician中學(xué)資質(zhì)入場權(quán)省的，地方的地方學(xué)校董事會社區(qū)，社會，團體畢業(yè)文憑，學(xué)位證書實驗技師AVocabularycontinue

child-caredegreebachelordoctoratemasterpostgraduate兒童保健學(xué)位學(xué)士學(xué)位博士學(xué)位碩士研究生GeneralCertificateofSecondaryEducation普通中等教育證書A

Well,inBritain,fromtheagesoffivetoaboutelevenyoustartoffataprimaryschool,andthenfromeleventosixteenyougoontoasecondaryschooloracomprehensiveschoolandatsixteenyoutakeGCSEexaminations.Afterthis,somechildrentakevocationalcoursesorevenstartwork.OthersstayonatschoolforanothertwoyearstotakeAlevels.Andattheageofeighteen,afterAlevels,theymightfinishtheireducationorgoontoacourseofhighereducationatacollegeoruniversity,andthat’susuallyforthreeyears.A

Well,itdependsonwhatstateyou’reinbutmostkidsintheUnitedStatesstartschoolataboutsixwhentheygotoelementaryschoolandthatgoesfromthefirstgradeuptothesixthgrade.Somekidsgotoakindergartentheyearbeforethat.Thentheygoontojuniorhighschool,that’sabouteleven,andthat’stheseventh,eighthandninthgrades.Andthentheygoontoseniorhighschoolaroundagefourteenstartinginthetenthgradeandfinishinginthetwelfthgradeusually.Somestudentswillleaveschoolatsixteenandthey’llstartwork,butmostofthemstayontograduatefromhighschoolatageeighteen.Inthefirstyearathighschoolorcollegestudentsarecalled“freshmen”,inthesecondthey’recalled“sophomores”,inthethirdyearwecallthem“juniors”andinthefourthyearthey’recalled“seniors”.Nowalotofhighschoolgraduatesthengotocollegeoruniversityandtheydoafour-yearfirstdegreecourse.Someofthemmightgotojuniorcollegewhichisatwo-yearcourse.A

Well,inAustralia,wellmoststatesanyway,childrenstarttheirprimaryeducationatfiveafterperhapsabrieftimeinkindergarten.Theywillstayatprimaryschooluntilthey’reabouteleven,thenthey’lleitherstaythereorgotoanintermediateschoolforacoupleofyears.Thentheystarthighschoolusuallytwelveorthirteen,whichyoustartinthethirdform.Now,afterthreeyearsathighschoolyousitageneralexam,somestatescallitSchoolCertificateandthatisasortofgeneralqualification.AfterthatyoucanleaveschoolatsixteenoryoucangoonandsityourUniversityEntranceExamination,whichthengivesyouentreeintoauniversityorit’sanotherusefulqualification,andfromthenonyougotovarioussortsofhighereducation.A

EducationinCanadaisaprovincialresponsibility,butschoolsareadministeredbylocalschoolboards.Kindergartenisforchildrenwhoarefourorfiveyearsold.Childrenbeginformalfull-dayschoolinginGrade1,whentheyareaboutsixyearsold.Theymuststayinschoolatleastuntiltheyaresixteen.However,moststudentscontinuetofinishhighschool.Somegoontocollegeoruniversity.Eachyearofschoolingrepresentsonegrade.(TheschoolyearextendsfromthebeginningofSeptembertotheendofJune.)ElementaryschoolincludeskindergartentoaboutGrade8.Secondaryschool(orhighschool)maystartinGrade8,9,or10anditusuallycontinuesuntilGrade12.InCanada,studentsmaygotouniversityortoacommunitycollege.Iftheywanttolearnskillsforspecificjob,theyattendcollegeforoneorfouryearstogetadiplomaorcertificate.Forexample,labtechnicians,child-careworkers,andhotelmanagersgotocollege.Universitiesofferdegreeprogramsaswellastrainingincertainprofessions,suchaslaw,medicine,andteaching.Universitiesofferthreemainlevelsofdegrees.Studentsearnabachelor’sdegreeafterthreeorfouryearsofstudy.Amaster’sdegreecantakeanotheryearortwo.Adoctoratemaytakeafurtherthreetosevenyearstocomplete.A2answers5,11,166,11,14,165,11,12/13,166,about13,16A3answersGCSEexaminationsstudents/highereducationstudent/secondyear/highschool/collegegeneralexam/SchoolCertificatesittingUniversityEntranceExaminationbachelor’sdegree:3/4yearsmaster’sdegree:anotheryearortwodoctorate:afurther3-7yearsBVocabularyinterviewerinterviewlinguisticsspringuptowardaviation采訪記者采訪語言學(xué)跳起，躍起向，朝向航空學(xué)，航空工業(yè)BVocabularycontinueaffairhodgepodgeGermanicstemfromLatinGreek大事，事件大雜燴日耳曼語來自，起源于拉丁文希臘語BVocabularycontinueadaptablebaffleAnglo-SaxonprestigeevolveNormanConquest適合的，可適應(yīng)的，使困難，使為難盎克魯-撒克遜語威信，威望，聲望演變，變化諾曼底人（對英格蘭）的軍事征服BVocabularycontinueidiominformalposevarietyslangcolloquialformal慣用語，習(xí)語，成語日常的，非正式的，口語產(chǎn)生，以……的身份出現(xiàn)品種，種類俚語口語正式語，書面語BI–InterviewerP–ProfessorI:AndnowwehaveaninterviewwithProfessorJ.T.Lingo,ProfessorofLinguisticsatChimoUniversity,whoisheretotalktousaboutthegrowingbusinessofteachingEnglish.Goodmorning,professorLingo.P:Goodmorning.I:IunderstandthatteachingEnglishisbecoming“bigbusiness”allaroundtheworld.P:Itseemsthatlanguageschoolsarespringingupeverywhere.I:Whyisthat?P:Withthemovetowardaglobaleconomy,Englishhasbecomethemostwidelyusedlanguageintheworld.Itisthelanguageofbusiness,aviation,scienceandinternationalaffairsandpeoplefindthattheymustlearnEnglishtocompeteinthosefields.I:AnddopeoplefindEnglishaneasylanguagetolearn?P:Well,everylanguagehassomethingaboutitthatotherpeoplefinddifficulttolearn.Englishissuchahodgepodgeofdifferentlanguages–it’sessentiallyGermanicbutalotofitsvocabularycomesfromFrench,andtechnicalwordsstemfromLatinandGreek.ThisfeaturemakesEnglishfairlyadaptable–whichisagoodthingforaworldlanguage–butitcausesirregularityinspellingandpronunciation.BI:Englishspellingbafflesme,too.P:Englishalsohasthelargestvocabulary.Oftentherearewordsforthesamething,oneisAnglo-SaxonandonefromtheFrench–like“buy”whichisAnglo-Saxonand“purchase”whichisfromtheFrench.TheFrenchwordoftenhasmoreprestige.I:Anglo-Saxon?P:That’sthewordforOldEnglish.TheNormanConquestin1066broughttheFrenchlanguagetoBritainandhelpedEnglishevolveintotheEnglishitistoday.I:IsthereanythingelseparticularlydifficultaboutEnglish?P:Well,theidiomsininformalEnglishposeaproblemforsomestudents.I:InformalEnglish?P:Aswithanylanguage,therearedifferentvarieties:slang,colloquial.Formal,written,aswellasthedifferentdialects–British,AmericanandCanadianEnglish.I:AndhowisCanadianEnglishdifferentfromAmericanandBritish?P:CanadianEnglishisclosertoAmericaninpronunciationandidiom.SomeofourwordsandourspellingsdoreflectBritishusage,however.Wewouldn’tusetheBritishterm“l(fā)orry”fortruck,butwehavekeptthe“o-u-r”spellingsinwordssuchas“honour”and“colour”.I:Thishasbeenveryinteresting.I’mafraidwe’reoutoftime.Ithasbeenapleasuretalkingtoyou.BanswersB1Idioms/vocabulary/French/spelling/pronunciationB21.F2.T3.FPartIIIUniversitylifeAVocabularydiversesocioeconomicracialethnicminorityaveragestudentwell-versedwell-informed不同的社會經(jīng)濟種族的民族的，種族的少數(shù)，少數(shù)民族一般的學(xué)生熟知，通曉，飽學(xué)的消息靈通的；

見多識廣的；

熟悉的；

博識的AVocabularyasaresultofthumbobligationssetdownoutlineduequizoptional作為一個經(jīng)驗法則義務(wù)，責任制定大綱適當?shù)?，正當?shù)男y驗，隨堂考試可選的，非強制的AVocabularysomewhatgraduateschoolhighlyqualifiedhighlymotivatedscheduledexamconductseminarturnin有點研究所完全合格的干勁十足的預(yù)定的考試控制研討班，研討小組上交，呈交A1TodayI’dliketogiveyousomeideaabouthowlifeatanAmericanuniversityorcollegemightbedifferentfromthewayitisinyourcountry.Tobesure,thestudentbodyonaU.S.campusisaprettydiversegroupofpeople.Firstofall,youwillfindstudentsofallages.Althoughmoststudentsstartcollegeataroundtheageof18,youwillseestudentsintheir30sand40sandevenoccasionallyintheir60sand70s.StudentsonaU.S.campuscomefromawidevarietyofsocioeconomicbackgrounds.Manystudentsworkatleastpart-time,someofthemworkfull-time.Someofstudentsliveindormitoriesoncampus,somehavetheirownapartmentsusuallywithotherstudents,andothersliveathome.Somecollegesanduniversitieshaveaverydiversestudentpopulationwithmanyracialandethnicminorities.Someschoolshaveafairlylargeforeignstudentpopulation.SoyoucanseethatonemeetsallkindsofpeopleonaU.S.collegeoruniversitycampus.Nowthatyouhavesomegeneralideaofdifferencesinthestudentpopulation,I’dliketotalkafewminutesaboutwhatIthinkanaveragestudentisandthendiscusswithyouwhatatypicalclassmightbelike.A1Let’sbeginmytalkingaboutanaveragestudententeringhisorherfreshmanyear.Ofcourse,suchapersonneverreallyexists,butstillit’sconvenienttotalkaboutan“average”studentforourpurposes.ForeignstudentsareoftensurprisedathowpoorlypreparedAmericanstudentsarewhentheyenterauniversity.Actually,atveryselectschoolsthestudentsareusuallyverywellprepared,butatlessselectiveschools,theymaynotbeaswellpreparedasstudentsinyourcountryare.SchoolsintheStatessimplyadmitalotmorestudentsthanisusualinmostothercountries.Also,mostyoungAmericanuniversitystudentshavenottraveledinothercountriesandarenotverywell-versedininternationalmattersanddonotknowalotaboutpeoplefromothercountries.Foreignstudentsusuallyfindthemfriendlybutnotverywell-informedabouttheircountriesorcultures.A1Whatkindofacademicexperienceswillthisso-called“average”studenthave?Theaverageundergraduatestudenttakesfiveclassesasemesterandisinclassabout15hoursaweek.Ifheorshetakesaclassthathasalaboratory,thiswillrequiretwoorthreemorehours.Manyintroductoryundergraduateclassesaregiveninlargelecturesof100ormorestudents.However,manyoftheseclasseswillhavesmalldiscussiongroupsof15to20studentsthatmeetonceaweek.Inthesesmallergroups,ateachingassistantwillleadadiscussiontohelpclassifypointsinthelectures.Otherkindsofclasses–forexample,languageclasses–willbemuchsmallersothatstudentscanpracticelanguage.Ingeneral,Americanprofessorsareinformalandfriendlywiththeirstudents,and,asmuchaspossible,theyexpectandinviteparticipationintheformofdiscussion.Alargeamountofreadingandotherworkisoftenassignedtobedoneoutsideclass,andstudentsareexpectedtotakefullresponsibilityforcompletingtheseassignmentsandaskingquestionsinclassaboutthoseareastheydon’tunderstand.Asaruleofthumb,studentsspendtwotothreehourspreparingforeachhourtheyspendinclass.Americanprofessorsoftenencouragetheirstudentstovisitthemduringofficehours,especiallyifthestudentsarehavingproblemsintheclass.A2Let’smoveonnowtodiscussstudentobligationsinatypicalAmericanclass.Theseobligationsareusuallysetdowninthecoursesyllabus.Asyllabusisgenerallyhandedouttostudentsonthefirstorsecondclassmeeting.Agoodsyllabuswillgivestudentsacourseoutlinethatmentionsallthetopicstobecoveredinclass.Itwillalsocontainalltheassignmentsandthedatestheyshouldbecompletedby.Anaverageuniversitycourseofonesemestermighthavethreeexaminationsortwoexaminationsandapaper.Thedatesoftheexaminationsandwhattheexaminationswillcovershouldbeonthesyllabus.Ifapaperisrequired,thedateitisdueshouldalsobeinthesyllabus.Theprofessormayalsodecidethatheorshewillbegivingquizzesduringthesemester,eitherannouncedorunannounced.Forstudentscomingfromasystemwherethereisoneexaminationineachsubjectattheendoftheyear,allthistestingcanbealittlesurprisingatfirst.Bytheway,maybethiswouldbeagoodplaceformetomentiontheissueofattendance.Anotherrealdifferenceinoursystemisourattendancepolicies.Perhapsyoucomefromasystemwhereattendanceisoptional.Generallyspeaking,Americanprofessorsexpectregularattendanceandmayevengradeyoudownifyouareabsentalot.Allthisinformationshouldbeonyoursyllabus,alongwiththeprofessor’sofficenumberandofficehours.A2Ihaveonlyacoupleofminutesleft,andI’dliketousethemtotalkabouthowgraduateschoolissomewhatdifferentfromundergraduateschool.Ofcourse,it’smuchmoredifficulttoentergraduateschool,andmoststudentsarehighlyqualifiedandhighmotivated.Studentsingraduateschoolareexpectedtodomuchmoreindependentworkthanthoseinundergraduateschools,withregularlyscheduledexams,etc.someclasseswillbeconductedasseminars.Inaseminarclass,theremaybenoexams,butstudentsareexpectedtoreadratherwidelyontopicsandbepreparedforthoroughdiscussionoftheminclass.Anotherpossibilityingraduateclassesisthatinadditiontoreadingsdonebyallstudents,eachstudentmayalsobeexpectedtoworkindependentlyinsomeareaofinterestandlatermakeapresentationthatsummarizeswhatheorshehaslearned.Usuallyeachstudentthengoesontowriteapaperonwhatheorshehasresearchedtoturnintotheprofessorforagrade.Ihopethattoday’slecturehasgivenyousomeideaaboutstudentlifeonanAmericancampusandthatyouhavenoticedsomedifferencebetweenoursystemandyours.AanswersA1I.Age/ForeignstudentpopulationII.15hrs(+2or3forlab)/+100/Discussiongroup:15~20/muchsmaller/informal,friendly/2-3hrs:1hrA2II.Examinations/QuizzesIII.Seminars/someareaofinterest/aresearchpaperBvocabularypeepalternativestrategyinvariablystickone’sneckoutcharacterizemostprogressoffone’sownbat偷窺不尋常的策略總是承擔風險表示，描繪最大的進步靠自己的力量BA:WellwhatIwantedtoaskreallywas…you’reateacher,beenteachingforsomeyearsnow,erm,whatwouldyousay,howwouldyoudescribeagoodstudentorabadstudent,sortofthingstheydoordon’tdointheclassroom?B:Erm,well,agoodstudentisusuallyonewho’snotafraidtomakemistakes,I’dsay.A:Uhhuh.B:He’seagertoexperimentwitheverynewthingthathelearns,whetheritbeastructureorafunctionoranewword,heimmediatelystartstryingtouseit.A:Yeah,allright.B:Andhe’sinterestedinthemistakeshemakes,he’snotafraidtomakethem.A:He’snotsimplyinterestedinhavingitcorrectedandmovingon?B:No,no,no.Heplayswithlanguage.Abadstudent,ontheotherhand,willperhapssay“OKI’vedonethischapterIknowthis,”withouttryingtoexperimentatall,withoutreallytestinghimself.A:Ahha,ahha.BB:He’susuallypassive,hewon’tspeakupmuchintheclassroom.He’llveryrarelyaskyouwhythisandwhynotsomethingelse…A:Justsortofacceptswhatyougivehimanddoesn’tdoanythingmorewithit.B:that’srightandinatesthe’stheonepersonwho’slikelytosuddenlyrealizethathewasn’ttoosureaboutthatafterall.A:Yeah.B:Andpeepoverathisneighbor’spaper.A:Analternativelearningstrategy.B:Heinvariablydecidesthattheotherpersonismorelikelytoberightthanhimself.That’stheresultofthissortofunwillingnesstomakemistakesandstickhisneckout.A:Thatcharacterizesthegoodorbadlearner?B:thebadlearneris,waitaminute,thegoodlearneris,erm,well,IthinkHe’lldomoreoffhisownbataswell,hewon’trelyentirelyontheteacher.A:He’llworkoutsidetheclassroomaswellasinit.B:Studentswhomakemostprogressarefirstofallthosewhoexperimentandsecondlythosewhoreadbooks.

Banswerstomakemistakes/everynewthing/thelanguage/WorkingoutsidetheclassroomPassive/theteacher/stickhisneckout/morelikelytoberightthanhimself

PartIVUniversitycampusAvocabularyadministration

buildingauditoriumphilosophyclinicpsychology行政大樓禮堂，會堂哲學(xué)診所心理A

Lookatthemap.Atthebottomofthepage,findthegate(1).NowlocatetheAdministrationBuilding16.Itisbetweentheriverandthelake,closetotheMainRoad.ThebuildingbehindtheAdministrationisAuditorium15.WhereistheLibrary4?It’sontheright-handsideoftheMainRoad,closetotheriver.AcrosstheMainroadfromtheLibrary,thebuildingbytheriverisEducationDepartment5.Thefirstbuildingontheleft-handsideoftheMainRoadisGeographyDepartment7.ThePhilosophyDepartment6isbetweentheEducationandtheGeography.ThebuildingattheendoftheMainRoadisMathematicsDepartment12.OnitsleftisPhysicsDepartment11andonitsright,nearthelake,isChemistryDepartment13.AnotherbuildingbehindthelakeisClinic14.TheChineseDepartment10isfacingthelake,acrosstheMainRoad.ThebuildingbetweentheChineseDepartmentandtheriveristheForeignLanguagesDepartment9.TheHistoryDepartment2isthefirstbuildingontherightoftheMainRoad.NexttotheHistoryDepartmentisPsychologyDepartment3.Andlast,theSportsGround8isbehindtheEducation,PhilosophyandGeographyDepartments.Aanswers2.theHistoryDepartment3.thePsychologyDepartment4.theLibrary5.theEducationDepartment6.thePhilosophyDepartment7.theGeographyDepartment8.theSportsGround9.theForeignLanguagesDepartment10.theChineseDepartment11.thePhysicsDepartment12.theMathematicsDepartment13.theChemistryDepartment14.theClinic15.theAuditorium16.theAdministrationBuildingBvocabularyfellowmilitarytranscriptgradecounselorknackfascinatedsignify小伙子軍事成績報