2014年6月六級(jí)真題第2套

2014年6月大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試真題(二)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayexplainingwhyitisunwisetoputallyoureggsinonebasket.Youcangiveexamplestoillustrateyourpoint.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。1.A.Collegetuitionhasbecomeaheavyburdenforthestudents.B.Collegestudentsareingeneralpoliticallyactivenowadays.C.Heisdoubtfulabouttheeffectofthestudents’action.D.Hetookpartinmanyprotestswhenhewasatcollege.2.A.Jayisorganizingapartyfortheretiringdean.B.Jayissurprisedtolearnofthepartyforhim.C.ThedeanwillcometoJay’sbirthdayparty.D.TheclasshaskeptthepartyasecretfromJay.A.Hefoundhiswalletinhisbriefcase.B.Hewenttothelost-and-foundoffice.C.Helefthisthingswithhiscarinthegarage.D.Hetoldthewomantogoandpickuphiscar.4.A.Theshowhedirectedturnedouttobeasuccess.B.Hewatchesonlythosecomediesbyfamousdirectors.C.Newcomediesareexciting,justlikethoseinthe1960s.D.TVcomedieshavenotimprovedmuchsincethe1960s.5.A.Allvegetablesshouldbecookedfresh.B.Themanshouldtryoutsomenewrecipes.C.Overcookedvegetablesareoftentasteless.D.Themanshould.stopboilingthevegetables.A.Sortouttheirtaxreturns.B.Helpthemtidyupthehouse.C.Figureoutawaytoavoidtaxes.D.Helpthemtodecodeamessage.7.A.Hedidn’texpecttocompletehisworksosoon.B.Hehasdevotedawholemonthtohisresearch.C.Thewomanisstilltryingtofinishherwork.D.Thewomanremainsatotalmysterytohim.A.Hewouldliketomajorinpsychologytoo.B.Hehasfailedtoregisterforthecourse.C.Developmentalpsychologyisnewlyoffered.D.Thereshouldbemoretimeforregistration.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.A.Thebrilliantproductdesign.B.Thenewcolorcombinations.C.Theuniquecraftsmanship.D.Thetextureofthefabrics.10.A.Uniquetouristattractions.B.TraditionalThaisilks.C.Localhandicrafts.D.Fancyproducts.A.Itwillbeonthefollowingweekend.B.Itwillbeoutintothecountryside.C.Itwilllastonlyoneday.D.Itwillstarttomorrow.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A.Agoodsecondaryeducation.B.Apleasantneighbourhood.C.Ahappychildhood.D.Ayearofpracticaltraining.A.Heoughttogetgoodvocationaltraining.B.Heshouldbesenttoaprivateschool.C.Heisacademicallygifted.D.Heisgoodatcarpentry.14.A.DonwellSchool.B.EnderbyHigh.C.CarltonAbbeyD.EnderbyComprehensive.15.A.PutKeithinagoodboardingschool.B.Talkwiththeirchildrenabouttheirdecision.C.Sendtheirchildrentoabetterprivateschool.D.Findoutmoreaboutthefiveschools.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedonthepassageyonhavejustheard.A.Itwillbebrightlylit.B.Itwillbewellventilated.C.Itwillhavealargespaceforstorage.D.Itwillprovideeasyaccesstothedisabled.A.Onthefirstfloor.B.Onthegroundfloor.C.Oppositetothelibrary.D.Onthesamefloorasthelabs.18.A.Tomakethebuildingappeartraditional.B.Tomatchthestyleofconstructiononthesite.C.Tocuttheconstructioncosttotheminimum.D.Toembodythesubcommittee’sdesignconcepts.PassageTwoQuestions19to22arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Sellfinancialsoftware.B.Trainclientstousefinancialsoftware.C.Writefinancialsoftware.D.Conductresearchonfinancialsoftware.A.Unsuccessful.B.Tedious.C.Rewarding.D.Important.A.Heofferedonlinetutorials.B.Heheldgroupdiscussions.C.Hegavethetraineeslecturenotes.D.Heprovidedindividualsupport.A.Theemployeeswereabitslowtofollowhisinstruction.B.Thetrainees’problemshadtobedealtwithonebyone.C.Nobodyisabletosolvealltheproblemsinacoupleofweeks.D.Thefaultmightlieinhisstyleofpresentingtheinformation.PassageThreeQuestions23to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A.Theirparentstendtooverprotectthem.B.Theirteachersmeetthemonlyinclass.C.Theyhavelittleclosecontactwithadults.D.Theyrarelyreadanybooksaboutadults.24.A.Real-lifecasesaresimulatedforstudentstolearnlaw.B.Writersandlawyersarebroughtintotalktostudents.C.Opportunitiesarecreatedforchildrentobecomewriters.D.MoreTeacherandWriterCollaborativesarebeingsetup.25.A.Sixth-graderscanteachfirst-gradersaswellasteachers.B.Childrenareoftenthebestteachersofotherchildren.C.PairedLearningcultivatesthespiritofcooperation.D.Childrenliketoformpartnershipswitheachother.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡上作答。Testsmaybethemostunpopularpartofacademiclife.Studentshatethembecausetheyproducefearand26aboutbeingevaluated,andafocusongradesinsteadoflearningforlearning’ssake.Buttestsarealsovaluable.Awell-constructedtest27whatyouknowandwhatyoustillneedtolearn.Testshelpyouseehowyourperformance28thatofothers.Andknowingthatyou’llbetestedon29materialiscertainlylikelyto30youtolearnthematerialmorethoroughly.However,there’sanotherreasonyoumightdisliketests.Youmayassumethattestshavethepowerto31yourworthasaperson.Ifyoudobadlyonatest,youmaybetemptedtobelievethatyou’vereceivedsome32informationaboutyourselffromtheprofessor,informationthatsaysyou’reafailureinsomesignificantway.Thisisadangerous--andwrong-headed--assumption.Ifyoudobadlyonatest,itdoesn’tmeanyou’reabadpersonorstupid.Orthatyou’llneverdobetteragain,andthatyourlifeis33Ifyoudon’tdowellonatest,you’rethesamepersonyouwerebeforeyoutookthetest--nobetter,noworse.Youjustdidbadlyonatest.That’sit.34,testsarenotameasureofyourvalueasanindividual--theyareameasureonlyofhowwellandhowmuchyoustudied.Testsaretools;theyareindirectand35measuresofwhatweknow.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Fearcanbeaneffectivewaytochangebehavior.Onestudycomparedtheeffectsofhigh-fearandlow-fearappealsonchangesinattitudesandbehaviorsrelatedtodentalhygiene(衛(wèi)生).Onegroupofsubjectswasshownawfulpicturesof36teethanddiseasedgums;anothergroupwasshownlessfrighteningmaterialssuchasplasticteeth,charts,andgraphs.Subjectswhosawthefrighteningmaterialsreportedmoreanxietyandagreater37tochangethewaytheytookcareoftheirteeththanthelow-feargroupdid.Butwerethesereactionsactually38intobetterdentalhygienepractices?Toanswerthisimportantquestion,subjectswerecalledbacktothelaboratoryontwo39(fivedaysandsixweeksaftertheexperiment).Theycheweddisclosingwafers(牙疾診斷片)thatgivearedstaintoanyuncleanedareasoftheteethandthusprovidedadirect40ofhowwelltheywerereallytakingcareoftheirteeth.Theresultshowedthatthehigh-fearappealdidactuallyresultingreaterandmore41changesindentalhygiene.Thatis,thesubjects42tohigh-fearwarningsbrushedtheirteethmore43thandidthosewhosawlow-fearwarnings.However,tobeaneffectivepersuasivedeviceitisveryimportantthatthemessagenotbetoofrighteningandthatpeoplebegiven44guidelinestohelpthemtoreducethecauseofthefear.Ifthisisn’tdone,theymayreducetheiranxietybydenyingthemessageorthe45ofthecommunicator.Ifthathappens,itisunlikelythateitherattitudeorbehaviorchangewilloccur.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A)accustomedI)eligibleB)carefullyA)accustomedI)eligibleB)carefullyJ)exposedC)cautiouslyK)indicationD)concreteL)occasionsE)credibilityM)permanentF)decayedN)sensitivityG)desireO)translatedH)dimensionsSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteron.AnswerSheet2.TheStreet-LevelSolutionA)WhenIwasgrowingup,oneofmyfather’sfavoritesayings(borrowedfromthehumoristWillRogers)was:“Itisn’twhatwedon’tknowthatcausesthetrouble;it’swhatwethinkweknowthatjustain’tso.“Oneofthemaininsightstobetakenfromthe100000HomesCampaignanditsstrategytoendchronichomelessnessisthat,untilrecently,oursocietythoughtitunderstoodthenatureofhomelessness,butitdidn’t.B)Thatledtoaseriesofmistakenassumptionsaboutwhypeoplebecomehomelessandwhattheyneed.Manyoftheerrorsinourhomelessnesspolicieshavestemmedfromtheconceptionthatthehomelessareahomogeneousgroup.It’sonlyinthepast15yearsthatorganizationslikeCommonGround,andothers,havetakenastreet-levelviewoftheproblem--distinguishingthe“episodicallyhomeless”fromthe,“chronicallyhomeless”inordertounderstandtheirneedsatanindividuallevel.Thisiswhywecannowenvisageadifferentapproach--andgetbetterresults.C)Mostreadersexpressedsupportfortheeffort,althoughanumberwereskeptical,andafewutterlydismissive,aboutthechancesoflong-termhomelesspeopleadaptingwelltohousing.Thisistobeexpected;it’shardtoimaginewhatwehaven’tyetseen.AsNiccolòMachiavelliwroteinThePrince,oneofthemajorobstaclesinanyefforttoadvancesystemicchangeisthe“incredulityofmen,”whichistosaythatpeople“donotreadilybelieveinnewthingsuntiltheyhavehadalongexperienceofthem.”Mostofushavewitnessedhomelesspeopleonthestreetsfordecades.Fewhaveseenformerlyhomelesspeopleaftertheyhavebeenhousedsuccessfully.Wedon’thavereferencepointsforthatstory.Sowegeneralizefromwhatweknow--orthinkweknow.D)Butthatcanbemisleading,eventoexperts.WhenIaskedRosanneHaggerty,founderofCommonGround,whichcurrentlyoperates2,310unitsofsupportivehousing(with552moreunderconstruction),whathadbeenherbiggestsurpriseinthiswork,shereplied:“Fifteenyearsago,Iwouldnothavebelievedthatpeoplewhohadbeensobrokenandstuckinhomelessnesscouldthrivetothedegreethattheydoinourbuildings.”AndBeckyKanis,thecampaign’sdirector,commented:“Thereisthissenseinourmindsthatsomeonewho’sonthestreetsisalmostintheirDNAdifferentfromsomeonewhohasahouse.Thecampaigniscreatingafirst-handexperienceformanypeoplethatthatisreallynotthecase.”E)OneofthestartlingrealizationsthatIhadwhileresearchingthiscolumnisthatanybodycouldbecomelikeahomelessperson--allittakesisatraumatic(創(chuàng)傷的)braininjury.Abicyclefall,acaraccident,aslipontheice,orifyou’reasoldier,aheadwound--andyourlifecouldbecomeunrecognizable.JamesO’Connell,adoctorwhohasbeentreatingthemostvulnerablehomelesspeopleonthestreetsofBostonfor25years,estimatesthat40percentofthelong-termhomelesspeoplehe’smethadsuchabraininjury.“Formanyitwasaheadinjurypriortothetimetheybecamehomeless,”hesaid.“Theybecameunpredictable.They’dhavemoodswings,fitsofexplosivebehavior.Theycouldn’tholdontotheirjobs.Drinkingmadethemfeelbetter.They’denduponthestreets.”F)Oncehomelesspeoplereturntohousing,they’reinamuchbetterpositiontorebuildtheirlives.Butit’simportanttonotethathousingaloneisnotenough.Aswithmanycomplexsocialproblems,whenyougetthroughtheinitialcrisis,youhaveanotherproblemtosolvewhichisnolesschallenging.Butitisabetterproblem.G)Overthepastdecade,O’Connellhasseenthishappen.“Ispendhalfmytimeonthestreetsorinthehospitalandtheotherhalfmakinghousecallstopeoplewholivedforyearsonthestreets,”hesaid.“Sofromadoctor’spointofviewit’sadelightfulswitch,butit’snotasifputtingsomeoneinhousingistheanswertoaddressingalloftheirproblems.It’sthefirststep.”H)Onceinhousing,formerlyhomelesspeoplecanbecomeisolatedandlonely.Ifthey’velivedonthestreetsforyears,theymayhaveacquiredacertainstandingaswellasasenseofprideintheirsurvivalskills.Nowindoors,thoseaspectsoftheiridentitymaybestrippedaway.Manyalsoexperienceaprofounddisorientationattheoutset.“Ifyou’rehomelessformorethansixmonths,youkindofloseyourbearings,”saysHaggerty.“Existencebecomesnotaboutovercominghomelessnessbutaboutfindingfood,begging,lookingforajobtosurviveanotherday.Thewholeprocessofhowyoudefinestabilitygetsreordered.”I)Manyneedregular,ifnotcontinuous,supportwithmentalhealthproblems,addictionsandillnesses-and,equallyimportant,assistanceintheday-to-daychallengesoflife,reacquaintingwithfamily,buildingrelationshipswithneighbors,findingenjoyableactivitiesorwork,managingfinances,andlearninghowtoeathealthyfood.J)Forsomepeople,thebestsolutionistoliveinacommunal(集體)residence,withspecialservices.Thisisn’tavailableeverywhere,however.InBoston,forexample,homelesspeopletendtobescatteredinapartmentsthroughoutthecity.K)CommonGround’slargeresidencesinNewYorkofferinsightintothepossibilitiesforchangewhenhomelesspeoplehavearicharrayofsupports.Inadditiontomoretraditionalsocialservices,residentsalsomakeuseofcommunalgardens,classesinthingslikecooking,yoga,theatreandphotography,andjobplacement.Lastyear,188formerlyhomelesstenantsinfourofCommonGround’sresidences,foundjobs.L)Becausethepropertieshavemanyservicesandarewell-managed,Haggertyhasfoundpost-housingproblemstobesurprisinglyrare.Inthepast10years,therehavebeenonlyahandfulofincidentsofquarrelsbetweentenants.Thereisverylittlegraffiti(破壞)orvandalism(涂鴉).Andtheturnoverisalmostnegligible.InthePrinceGeorgeHotelinNewYork,whichishometo208formerlyhomelesspeopleand208low-incometenants,theaveragelengthoftenancyisclosetosevenyears.(Allresidentspay30percentoftheirincomeforrentfortheformerlyhomeless,thiscomesoutoftheirgovernmentbenefits.)Whenpeoplemoveon,itisusuallybecausethey’vefoundapreferableapartment.M)“Tenantsalsowanttoparticipateinshapingthepublicareasofthebuildings,”saidHaggerty.“Theyformedagardeningcommittee.Theywantaterraceontheroof.ThosearethingsIdidn’tcounton.”Themostcommontenantdemand?“Peoplealwayswantmorestoragespace--butthat’strueofeveryNewYorker,”sheadds.“Inmanyways,we’realotlikeanormalapartmentbuilding.Ourtenantslooklikeanyoneelse.”N)AsImentioned,homelessnessisacatch-allforavarietyofproblems.Anumberofreadersaskedwhetherthecampaignwilladdressfamilyhomelessness,whichhasdifferentcausesandrequiresadifferentsolution.I’vebeenfollowingsomeofthepromisingideasemergingtoaddressandpreventfamilyhomelessness.Laterin2011,I’llexploretheseideasinacolumn.Fornow,l’11concludewithanupdateonthe100,000HomesCampaign.SinceTuesday,NewOrleansandafewothercommunitieshavereportednewresults.Thecurrentcountofpeoplehousedis7,043.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。46.TenantsinCommonGround’sresidencesallwantmoreroomforstorage.47.HomesCampaignprovidesfirst-handproofthatthehomelessarenotwhattheywereoncebelievedtobe.48.CommonGround’sresidencesarewell-managedandbyandlargepeaceful.49.Housingthehomelessisonlythefirststeptosolvingalltheirproblems.50.Alargepercentofthechronicallyhomelesshavesufferedfrombraininjury.51.Afterbeinghousedmanyhomelesspeoplebecomeconfusedatfirstastohowtodealwithlifeoffthestreet.52.Somepeoplethinkthebestwaytohelpthehomelessistoprovidethemwithcommunalhousing.53.Thehomelesswithhealthproblemsshouldbegivenregularsupportintheirdailylives.54.UntilrecentlyAmericansocietyhasfailedtoseewhathomelessnessisallabout.55.ManyformerlyhomelesstenantsinNewYork’sCommonGround’sresidencesgothired.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Technologycanmakeussmarterorstupider,andweneedtodevelopasetofprinciplestoguideoureverydaybehaviorandmakesurethattechisimprovingandnothinderingourmentalprocesses.Oneofthebigquestionsbeingdebatedtodayis:Whatkindofinformationdoweneedtohavestoredinourheads,andwhatkindcanweleave“inthecloud,”tobeaccessedasnecessary?Anincreasinglypowerfulgroupwithineducationarechampioning“digitalliteracy”.Intheirview,skillsbeatknowledge,developing“digitalliteracy”ismoreimportantthanlearningmerecontent,andallfactsarenowGoogle-ableandthereforeunworthyofcommittingtomemory.Buteventhemostsophisticateddigitalliteracyskillswon’thelpstudentsandworkersnavigatetheworldifthe),don’thavebroadbaseofknowledgeabouthowtheworldactuallyoperates.Ifyoufocusonthedeliverymechanismandnotthecontent,you’redoingkidsadisservice.Indeed,evidencefromcognitivesciencechallengesthenotionthatskillscanexistindependentoffactualknowledge.Datafromthelastthirtyyearsleadstoaconclusionthatisnotscientificallychallengeable:thinkingwellrequiresknowingfacts,andthat’struenotonlybecauseyouneedsomethingtothinkabout.Theveryprocessesthatteacherscareaboutmost-criticalthinkingprocesses-areintimatelyintertwined(交織)withfactualknowledgethatisstoredinlong-termmemory.Inotherwords,justbecauseyoucanGooglethedateofBlackTuesdaydoesn’tmeanyouunderstandwhytheGreatDepressionhappenedorhowitcomparestoourrecenteconomicslump.Thereisnodoubtthatthestudentsoftoday,andtheworkersoftomorrow,willneedtoinnovate,collaborateandevaluate.Butsuchskillscan’tbeseparatedfromtheknowledgethatgivesrisetothem.Toinnovate,youhavetoknowwhatcamebefore.Tocollaborate,youhavetocontributeknowledgetothejointventure.Andtoevaluate,youhavetocomparenewinformationagainstknowledgeyou’vealreadymastered.Sohere’saprincipleforthinkinginadigitalworld,intwoparts.First,acquireabaseoffactualknowledgeinanydomaininwhichyouwanttoperformwell.Thisbasesuppliestheessentialfoundationforbuildingskills,anditcan’tbeoutsourced(外包)toasearchengine.Second,takeadvantageofcomputers’invariablememory,butalsothebrain’selaborativememory.Computersaregreatwhenyouwanttostoreinformationthatshouldn’tchange.Butbrainsarethesuperiorchoicewhenyouwantinformationtochange,ininterestingandusefulways:toconnectupwithotherfactsandideas,toacquiresuccessivelayersofmeaning,tosteepforawhileinyouraccumulatedknowledgeandexperienceandsoproducearichermentalbrew.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。56.Whatistheauthor’sconcernabouttheuseoftechnology?A.Itmayleaveknowledge“inthecloud”.B.Itmaymisguideoureverydaybehavior.C.Itmaycauseadivideinthecirclesofeducation.D.Itmayhinderthedevelopmentofthinkingskills.57.Whatistheviewofeducatorswhoadvocatedigitalliteracy?A.Ithelpskidstonavigatethevirtualworldatwill.B.Ithelpskidstobroadentheirscopeofknowledge.C.Itincreaseskids’efficiencyofacquiringknowledge.D.Itliberateskidsfromtheburdenofmemorizingfacts.58.Whatdoesevidencefromcognitivescienceshow?A.Knowledgeisbetterkeptinlong-termmemory.B.Criticalthinkingisbasedonfactualknowledge.C.Studyskillsareessentialtoknowledgeacquisition.D.Criticalthinkingmeanschallengingexistingfacts.59.Whatdoestheauthorthinkiskeytomakingevaluations?A.Gatheringenoughevidencebeforedrawingconclusions.B.Masteringthebasicrulesandprinciplesforevaluation.C.Connectingnewinformationwithone’saccumulatedknowledge.D.Understandingbothwhathashappenedandwhyithashappened.60.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Towarnagainstlearningthroughmemorizingfacts.B.Topromoteeducationalreformintheinformationage.C.Toexplainhumanbrains’functioninstoringinformation.D.Tochallengetheprevailingoveremphasisondigitalliteracy.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.America’srecenthistoryhasbeenapersistenttilttotheWest--ofpeople,ideas,commerceandevenpoliticalpower.CaliforniaandTexasarethetwinpolesoftheWest,butverydifferentones.Formostofthe20thcenturythehomeofSiliconValleyandHollywoodhasbeenthebrainierandtrendierofthetwo.Texashastrailedbehind:itsstereotypehasbeenaconservativeChristianincowboyboots.Buttwinscanchangeplaces.Isthathappeningnow?ItiseasytofindevidencethatCaliforniaisinapanic.AtthestartofthismonththeoncegoldenstatestartedpayingcreditorsinIOUs(欠條).Thegapbetweenprojectedoutgoingsandincomeforthecurrentfiscal(財(cái)政的)yearhasleapttoahorrible$26billion.Withnosignofanewbudgettoclosethisgulf,onecreditagencyhasalreadydowngradedCalifornia’sdebt.Asbudgetsarecut,universitieswillletinfewerstudents,prisonerswillbereleasedearlyandschemestoprotectthevulnerablewillberolledback.Bycontrast,Texashascopedwellwiththerecession,withanunemploymentratetwopointsbelowthenationalaverageandoneofthelowestratesofhousingrepossession.InpartthisisbecauseTexanbanks,hardhitinthelastpropertybust,didnotoverexpandthistime.Texasalsoclearlyoffersadifferentmodel,basedonsmallgovernment.Ithasnostatecapital-gainsorincometax,andabusiness-friendlyandimmigrant-tolerantattitude.ItishometomoreFortune500companiesthananyotherstate.Despiteallthis,itstillseemstooearlytohandoverAmerica’sfuturetoTexas.Tobeginwith,thatleanTexanmodelhasitsownproblems.Ithasnotinvestedenoughineducation,andmanyexpertsrightlyworryabouta“l(fā)ostgeneration”ofmostlyHispanicTexanswithinsufficientskillsforthedemandsoftheknowledgeeconomy.Second,ithasneverpaidtobetagainstastatewithasmanyinventivepeopleasCalifornia.EvenifHollywoodhasgoneintodepression,itstillboastsanunequalledarrayofsunriseindustriesandthemostbriskventure-capitalindustryontheplanet.Thestatealsohasanawesomeabilitytoreinventitself--asitdidwhenitsdefenceindustrycollapsedattheendofthecoldwar.Thetruthisthatbothstatescouldlearnfromeachother.TexasstilllacksCalifornia’sgreatuniversitiesandlagsintermsofculture.CaliforniacouldadoptnotjustTexas’sleanerstate,butalsoitsmorebipartisan(兩黨的)approachtopolitics.Thereisnoperfectmodelofgovernment:itisAmerica’sgeniustohave50public-policylaboratoriescompetingtofindoutwhatworksbest.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。61.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutCaliforniaandTexasinParagraph1?A.Theyhavebeencompetingfortheleadingposition.B.CaliforniahasbeensuperiortoTexasinmanyways.C.Theyarebothmodelsofdevelopmentforotherstates.D.Texas’scowboycultureislessknownthanCalifornia’s.62