基于單片機(jī)的電機(jī)測速系統(tǒng)

第第i頁基于單片機(jī)的電機(jī)測速系統(tǒng)摘要：在工程實(shí)踐中，經(jīng)常會遇到各種需要測量轉(zhuǎn)速的場合，例如在發(fā)動機(jī)、電動機(jī)、機(jī)床主軸等旋轉(zhuǎn)設(shè)備的試驗(yàn)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)和控制中，常需要分時或連續(xù)測量、顯示其轉(zhuǎn)速及瞬時速度。為了能精確地測量轉(zhuǎn)速，還要保證測量的實(shí)時性，要求能測得瞬時轉(zhuǎn)速。本文介紹了一種基于STC89C52單片機(jī)的電機(jī)測速系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)利用霍爾傳感器采集脈沖信號，通過定時計(jì)數(shù)算法程序，將轉(zhuǎn)速結(jié)果實(shí)時顯示出來。C語言具有開放性和靈活性強(qiáng)的特點(diǎn)，編寫起來比較易于上手，不像匯編語言那樣局限。所以本次采用的是C語言編程來實(shí)現(xiàn)。關(guān)鍵詞：單片機(jī)，電機(jī)測速系統(tǒng)，霍爾傳感器，定時Abstract：Inengineeringpracticeoftenneedtomeasurespeedencountervariousoccasions.Forexample,Attheengines,motors,machinetoolspindlesandotherrotatingequipment'soperationandcontrolofthepilotoftenneedfrequenttime-sharingorcontinuousmeasurementsshowitsspeedandinstantaneousvelocity.Inordertoaccuratelymeasurespeed,ensurethereal-timemeasurementsandrequireinstantaneousspeedcanbemeasured.Thispaperintroducesamicrocomputer-basedSTC89C52motorspeedsystem,thesystemusesHallsensorpulsesignalcollectedthroughthetimercountingalgorithmprograms,willspeedtheresultsofreal-timedisplay.Cprogramminglanguagehastheopennessandflexibility,strongfeatures,andit'sdifficulttowriteeasytofly.Itisunliketheassemblylanguageaslimitations.So,thisistheCprogramminglanguageusedtoimplementKeyword:Single-chip，MotorSpeedSystem，Hallsensor，Timing目錄TOC\o"1-5"\h\z1前言12?總體方案設(shè)計(jì)22.1方案論證22.2方案比較22.3方案選擇33?硬件部分設(shè)計(jì)43.1速度檢測電路43.1.1開關(guān)型霍爾傳感器介紹43.1.2傳感檢測電路53.2單片機(jī)最小系統(tǒng)電路63.2.1主控器STC89C52的介紹73.2.2時鐘電路83.2.3復(fù)位電路93.3數(shù)碼顯示電路103.4RS-232串行通信接口電路113.4.1MAX232介紹113.4.2串行通信接口電路12軟件設(shè)計(jì)144.1主程序設(shè)計(jì)144.2T0定時中斷程序設(shè)計(jì)15設(shè)計(jì)總結(jié)17參考文獻(xiàn)18附錄19附錄1：電機(jī)測速系統(tǒng)總電路圖19附錄2：電機(jī)測速系統(tǒng)總程序代碼20第II頁第第#頁附錄2：電機(jī)測速系統(tǒng)總程序代碼#includevAT89X51.H>#defineuintunsignedintsbitCNPN0=P0A0;sbitCNPN1=P0A1；sbitCNPN2=P0A2;sbitCNPN3=P0A3;uintbuf_min=0x1,flag;voiddelay(uintx)//x=1000表示4ms{while(--x);}voidtime0()interrupt1〃定時10ms{EA=0;ET0=0;TR0=0;TH0=-10236/256;TL0=-10236%256;buf_min++;EA=1;ET0=1;TR0=1;}voidmain(){uintnum[10]={0xc0,0xf9,0xa4,0xb0,0x99,0x92,0x82,0xf8,0x80,0x90};uinti,j,temp;uintsum=0x0,disnum[4]={0};TMOD=0x51;//TO工作為定時方式，T1工作為計(jì)數(shù)方式TH0=-10236/256;TL0=-10236%256;TH1=0;TL1=0;EA=1;〃啟動外部中斷0ET0=1;TR0=1;while(1)if(buf_min==5)〃等待50ms,在重新計(jì)時{EA=0;ET0=0;TR0=0;buf_min=0;EA=1;ET1=1;TR1=1;ET0=1;TR0=1;break;}}while(1){if(buf_min==100)//到達(dá)1s后關(guān)閉定時T0和計(jì)數(shù)器T1{EA=0;ET0=0;TR0=0;ET1=0;TR1=0;buf_min=0;break;}}temp=(TH1*0x100+TL1)*30;disnum[3]=temp/1000;disnum[2]=(temp%1000)/100;disnum[0]=(temp%100)/10;disnum[1]=(temp%100)%10;while(1){for(i=0;iv4;i++){for(j=0;j<10;j++){if(disnum[i]=j){switch(i)〃選通哪一個數(shù)碼管顯示{case0:CNPN0=0;break;case1:CNPN1=0;break;case2:CNPN2=0;break;case3:CNPN3=