流行病學(xué)英文ppt

流行病學(xué)英文pptCATALOGUE目錄流行病學(xué)概述Typesofepidemiol…PopulationCharact…RiskFactorsforC…EpidemiologicalTo…ApplicationsofEp…01流行病學(xué)概述VSConceptDefinationdefinitionandconcepthistoryanddevelopmentobjectivity,evidence-basedness,interdisciplinarity,problem-orientednessanduncertainty.Theprinciplesofepide…populationhealth,diseasepreventionandhealthpromotion,scientificresearch,healthpolicyandmanagement,medicalcareandotherfields.Theframeworkofepidem…principlesandframework02TypesofepidemiologicalstudiesDesignExampleCase-controlstudiesDesignExampleCohortstudiesDesign要點一要點二ExampleExperimentalstudiesDesignExampleCross-sectionalstudies03PopulationCharacteristicsAgeGenderRace/ethnicityDemographiccharacteristicsGeneticfactorsBiologicalfactorsGeneticandbiologicalfactorsBehavioralandsocialfactorsBehavioralfactorsSocialfactorsEnvironmentalfactorssuchasairandwaterpollution,exposuretotoxins,andclimatechangecanalsoinfluencetheriskofcertaindiseases.Forexample,airpollutionhasbeenlinkedtoincreasedratesofasthmaandheartdisease.Environmentalfactors04RiskFactorsforChronicDiseasesHighbloodpressureisamajorriskfactorforcardiovasculardisease,increasingtheriskofstroke,heartattack,andheartfailure.CardiovasculardiseaseDyslipidemia,orabnormallevelsoflipidsintheblood,isalsoariskfactorforcardiovasculardisease.Diabetesincreasestheriskofheartdisease,stroke,andothercardiovasculardiseases.HypertensionDyslipidemiaDiabetesCancer要點三TobaccoUse要點一要點二ExcessiveAlcoho…Excessivealcoholconsumptionincreasestheriskofliver,mouth,throat,andesophagealcancer.Obesity要點三GeneticsDiabetesisageneticconditionwithmultiplegeneticvariantsinvolved.LifestyleFactorsEnvironmentalFactorsExposuretocertainenvironmentaltoxinsandpollutantsmayalsoincreasetheriskofdiabetes.DiabetesObesityisacomplexconditionwithmultiplegeneticfactorsinvolved.GeneticsLifestyleFactorsObesity05EpidemiologicalToolsandTechniquesVS自我-administeredquestionnaires:由研究對象自行填寫，可降低數(shù)據(jù)收集過程中的偏差。Interviewer-administeredquestionnaires:由經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的研究人員面對面與研究對象進行交流，確保信息的準(zhǔn)確性和一致性。QuestionnairesBiomarkermeasurement通過檢測血液中特定的生物標(biāo)志物，如炎癥指標(biāo)、腫瘤標(biāo)志物等，以評估機體生理狀態(tài)和疾病風(fēng)險。Bloodtest通過對血液樣本進行檢測，評估機體內(nèi)部化學(xué)成分和代謝產(chǎn)物的變化。Bloodtestsandbiomarkermeasurements通過醫(yī)生或護士對研究對象的身體進行系統(tǒng)性的檢查，發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在的健康問題。Physicalexa…通過檢測血液中特定的生物標(biāo)志物，評估機體生理狀態(tài)和疾病風(fēng)險。biomarkerme…PhysicalexaminationandbiomarkermeasurementsPopulation-bas…在整個地區(qū)或國家范圍內(nèi)進行的大型調(diào)查，旨在收集有關(guān)特定時間段內(nèi)整個人群的數(shù)據(jù)。Case-controls…以病例對照為基礎(chǔ)，比較病例組和對照組之間暴露于潛在危險因素的比例，以評估危險因素與疾病之間的關(guān)系。Datacollectionmethods06ApplicationsofEpidemiologyinPublicHealthPracticeDefiningthescope…Surveillanceandmo…IdentificationofhealthproblemsandpriorityhealthissuesDevelopmentofevid…Informingdecision-…Developmento