期中復(fù)習(xí)專題三語(yǔ)法 牛津深圳版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)上冊(cè)

八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)牛津深圳版上冊(cè)期中復(fù)習(xí)專題三：語(yǔ)法【語(yǔ)法歸納】不定代詞（一）Some和any都可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一些….”但二者在用法上還是有區(qū)別的。some一般用于肯定句any一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。（二）some和any的特殊用法：①some用在疑問(wèn)句中，表示請(qǐng)求，建議或希望得到肯定回答。②any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（any+單數(shù)名詞）。③some+單數(shù)名詞,表示某一復(fù)合不定代詞教材典句【二】數(shù)次（1）基數(shù)詞㈠定義：表示數(shù)目多少的詞稱為基數(shù)詞。1.1-12為獨(dú)立的單詞，有其各自的形式。One、two、three、four、five、six、seven、eight、nineTen、eleven、twelve2.13-19都以-teen結(jié)尾，它們都有兩個(gè)重讀音節(jié)。Thirteen、fourteen、seventeen、sixteen、eighteen、fifteen、nineteen3.20-90之間的“整十”都以-ty結(jié)尾。twenty sixtythirty seventyForty eightyfifty ninety4.表示21-99之間的“幾十幾”時(shí)，先說(shuō)“幾十”，再說(shuō)“幾”，中間加連字號(hào)：Eg：21twenty-one,36thirty-six,45forty-five,99ninety-nine5.百位數(shù)101—999之間非整百的基數(shù)詞表示法。先說(shuō)“幾百”，后接and，再加末尾十位數(shù)(或個(gè)位數(shù))6.千位數(shù)以上1000以上的基數(shù)詞的表示法：thousand(千)，million(百萬(wàn))，billion(十億)基數(shù)詞用法1.表示數(shù)量的多少。2.表示年份和年齡。3.表示時(shí)刻（半小時(shí)用half，一刻鐘用aquarter，半小時(shí)以內(nèi)用past，超過(guò)半小時(shí)用to）4.表順序?；鶖?shù)詞表順序時(shí)，由“單數(shù)名詞+基數(shù)詞”構(gòu)成，此時(shí)名詞和基數(shù)詞首字母要大寫(xiě)。[易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒]“單數(shù)名詞+基數(shù)詞”=“the+序數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞”（此處名詞首字母無(wú)需大寫(xiě)）如：LessonTen=thetenthlesson;Page5=thefifthpage2．序數(shù)詞:㈠定義：表示順序先后的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。1.第1-3，他們分別是：first，second，third2.第4-19，除fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth的拼寫(xiě)比較特殊外，其余都由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加-th構(gòu)成。fourtheighthtwelfthsixteenthfifthninththirteenthseventeenthsixthtenthfourteentheighteenthseventheleventhfifteenthnineteenth3.第20-90之間“第幾十”的序數(shù)詞由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞去掉-y加–ieth.twentiethsixtieththirtiethseventiethfortietheightiethfiftiethninetieth4.非整十的多位數(shù)，將個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞即可：hundred,thousand,million等序數(shù)詞形式為hundredth,thousandth,millionth等：㈡序數(shù)詞的用法表示順序。序數(shù)詞表示順序時(shí)，其前要加冠詞the，其后接單數(shù)名詞。表示日期中的“日”。3.20XX年7月6日表示為:July6th,2010,讀作：Julythesixth,twothousandandten.序數(shù)詞前也可用不定冠詞a/an，表示“再….”，“又…”。5.當(dāng)序數(shù)詞與形容詞性物主代詞、名詞所有格連用時(shí)，其前面不用定冠詞。3．加減乘除式的表達(dá)法1）plus,add(+加)2)minus,subtract(減)3)multiply,times(乘)4）divide（除）【三】形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)（一）形容詞1、形容詞的定義：形容詞用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。2、形容詞的用法：（1）作定語(yǔ)，一般放在名詞之前，不定代詞something,anything,nothing,everything等之后。（2）作表語(yǔ)，放在系動(dòng)詞的后面。系動(dòng)詞主要有以下四種：①be動(dòng)詞：am/is/are;was/were②感官動(dòng)詞：look/taste/sound/smell/feel③變化動(dòng)詞：become/get/turn/go④保持類(lèi)：keep,stay,remain注意：look做實(shí)意動(dòng)詞后面加介詞/副詞時(shí)，要用副詞來(lái)修飾。如：lookatthedogcarefully.（3）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后。常用句型make/think/find/keep...+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞。3.

某些形容詞放在定冠詞之后，變成名詞，表示一類(lèi)人。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有：good/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,black/white,living/dead等。4.用and或or連接起來(lái)的兩個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般把它們放在被修飾的名詞后面，起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。5.多個(gè)形容詞作修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序如下：限定詞（指示代詞、冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞）——描繪詞（大小、長(zhǎng)短、形狀、新舊、長(zhǎng)幼、顏色）——材料。（二）比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則1、規(guī)則變化（1）單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞，在原級(jí)的后面加上er,est構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。情況構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)一般情況加-er或-estnewlongnewerlongernewestlongest以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾的詞加-r或-stfinelatefinerlaterfinestlatest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y

為i再加-er或-estearlyhappyearlierhappierearliesthappiest重讀閉音節(jié)的先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加-er或-estfathotfatterhotterfattesthottest（2）兩個(gè)音節(jié)或兩個(gè)以上音節(jié)的，在原級(jí)前加more/most。原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)useful（有用的）moreusefulmostusefuldifficult（困難的）moredifficultmostdifficultdelicious（美味的）moredeliciousmostdelicious2、不規(guī)則變化（兩好兩壞兩多一少一老一遠(yuǎn)）原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good好的better更好的best最好的well好的；（身體）好的bad，badly糟糕的，糟糕地worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；（身體）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身體）最不舒服的ill（身體）不舒服的many許多的（可數(shù)）more更多的；更most最多的；最much許多的（不可數(shù)）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的old老的older更老的oldest最老的elder更年長(zhǎng)的eldest最年長(zhǎng)的far遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)地farther更遠(yuǎn)的；更遠(yuǎn)地farthest最遠(yuǎn)的，最遠(yuǎn)地further進(jìn)一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）（三）形容詞原級(jí)用法（1）A+謂語(yǔ)+as+adj./adv.

原級(jí)+as+B：表示“A和B一樣”。（2）A+謂語(yǔ)+（倍數(shù)）+as+adj./adv.

原級(jí)+as+B：表示“A是B的幾倍”（3）A+謂語(yǔ)否定形式(not)+as(so)+adj./adv.

原級(jí)+as+B：表示“A

不如B”。否定形式可用比較級(jí)進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換。（4）assoonaspossible/assoonasyoucan：盡可能地快；aswellas

和..一樣好；也，又（四）比較級(jí)用法（1）...+

比較級(jí)+than...Which/whois+(the)比較級(jí)，AorB?倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than...（2）“比較級(jí)and

比較級(jí)（單音節(jié)詞）”或者“moreandmore+原級(jí)（多音節(jié)詞）”表示越來(lái)越...（3）The+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)

表示“越...越...”（4）比較級(jí)前可用much,even,far,abit,alittle等來(lái)修飾；原級(jí)前可用very,too,so,enough,rather,quite等修飾。切記不能用more來(lái)修飾比較級(jí)，more本身的構(gòu)成多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)。（五）最高級(jí)用法（1）the+最高級(jí)+由of/in構(gòu)成的表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)，表示“在...最...”（2）oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“最...之一”（3）the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)：表示某個(gè)范圍內(nèi)在“第幾位”注意：形容詞的最高級(jí)前面一般要加定冠詞the，但當(dāng)形容詞最高級(jí)前有物主代詞、名詞所有格等修飾詞時(shí)，則不用定冠詞the?！菊Z(yǔ)法專練】()1.OurgroupLeoandLily.A.includedB.includingC.includesD.toinclude()2.CanyougivemeA4paper?A.someB.anyC.somethingD.anything()3.Doyouhavequestions?Pleaseraiseyourhand.A.someB.anyC.somethingD.anything()4.Thisarmystartedfromfourtofivesolders.A.hundredB.hundredsC.hundredsofD.hundredof()5.TimcanplaytabletennisasasSam.A.worseB.bestC.wellD.good()6.Withoutsaying,heleftinahurry.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.some()7.Whatacoolboy!Helooksastar.A.likeB.likesC.likingD.liked()8.Canyousolvetheproblemadifferentway?A.inB.onC.ofD.at()9.Hebecameevenatmathsbecauseofhishardwork.A.goodB.betterC.wellD.best()10.Canyoumakesureoftheinventorsrightnow?A.theamountofB.thenumberofC.anumberofD.anamountof()11.Thebagislight.Icancarryit.A.easyB.easilyC.lightD.hardly()12.Doyouhaveagoodwayofthefoodfreshwithoutafridge?A.keepingB.keepsC.keptD.keep()13.Therethreefoxesandtheylivedahappylifetogether.A.beB.haveC.areD.were()14.Whenandwheretheaccident?A.was;happenB.is;happenCdid;happenedD.did;happened()15.Sheknowsthatsheyoung.A.is;anylongerB.isn'tanylongerC.isn'tnolongerD.is;nolonger()16.Canyoutellmegettothenearestpostoffice?A.HowtoB.howcanIC.howIcanD.whereto()17.Wecandotohelpherwait.A.something;butB.everything;butC.nothing;butD.nothing;so()18.Ithinkthelessonismoredifficultthanthe.A.ninth;twentyB.nineth;twentiethC.nineth;twentiehD.ninth;twentieth()19.Iamgettingeachmonth,Ican'tputonmyjeans.A.heavierB.heavyC.theheavierD.heaviest()20.IthinkJohnwillbe.A.bestB.goodC.thebestD.better()21.Itisoneinthecity.A.muchbeautifulB.morebeautifulC.beautifulD.themostbeautiful()22.Yourshoesaretoo.A.dirtyB.dirtierC.dirtiestD.thedirtiest()23.LeospenttimebutdidworkthanTony.A.less;moreB.little;muchC.little;moreD.less;much()24.Peoplebegantousecomputersthe1970s.A.inB.onC.atD.for()25.TheairinGuangzhouisgettingmuchthanbefore.A.cleanB.thecleanestC.cleanestD.cleaner()26.Ithinkthepinkoneis.A.niceB.nicestC.thenicestD.nicer()27.Shealwaysstudentinourclass.A.carefulB.morecarefulC.mostcarefulD.themostcareful()28.Myuncleusedaverygoodfootballplayer.A.tobeB.beingC.beD.been()29.Theystopped,buttherewasnosound.A.tolistenB.listeningC.listensD.listen()30.Ilookforwardtoyourletter.A.receivingB.receiveC.receivedD.receives()31.MotherusuallyspendshalfanhourherE-mails.A.answeringB.toanswerC.answerD.answering()32.Liedownonyourbedandmakeyourself.A.comfortB.comfortingC.comfortableD.comfortably()33.BeijingiswinterinGuangzhou.A.ascoldasB.muchcolderthanC.notsocoldasD.notcolderthan()34.WhocangetmarkinthisEnglishexam,Paul,MikeorJimmy?A.thebestB.betterC.goodD.best()35.Themorenervousyouare,theyoufeel.A.badB.worseC.worstD.theworst()36.Thefirstcomputerwasasasaroom.A.bigB.biggerC.thebiggestD.biggest()37.Iwillcomebackasaspossible.A.quickB.soonC.fastD.faster()38.SallycandothingsasJackcan.A.manyB.asmanyC.muchD.asmuch()39.Thisbookcantellyouinformationasthatbookcan!A.manyB.muchC.asmanyD.asmuch()40.thewheel,wewouldnothavecars,trainsandsoon.A.WithB.OnCWithoutD.By()41.Tom,don'tjustsleepanddonothingthedaytime.A.onB.inC.atD.over()42.peopleusetheballpointpenallovertheworld.A.MillionsofB.MillionofC.MillionsD.Million()43.WhoisatEnglish,JimorSally?A.goodB.betterC.thebestD.best()44.Acandleaslightasalightbulb.A.produces;muchB.doesn'tproduce;muchC.produces;manyD.doesn'tproduce;many()45.Tonycouldn'tthinkofaboutthattopic.A.anythingnewB.newanythingC.somethingnewD.newsomething()46.WhenIsawthegirl'sdancefor.A.afirstB.thefirstC.oneD.once()47.Theairpollutioninsomeareasisgettingthanbefore.A.moreworseB.muchworseC.morebadD.muchbad()48.DoesMarkhaveanyexplanation(解釋)tothematter?A.farB.fartherC.furtherD.farthest()49.Therearefivepeopleinmyfamily,andmymotheris.A.busyB.busierC.thebusierD.themostbusiest()50.Theywillgowithouthavingarest.A.morefarB.morefartherC.fartherD.thefarther【課堂專練】適當(dāng)形式填空（一）Edisonwasoneofthegreatest_________.(invent)Theywanted________(invent)anewkindofcartoprotecttheenvironment.Thankstothese_______(invent),wecanliveabetterlife.Hehaslistening,speaking,andwriting_______(able).5.Thewriterwas_______(able)tofinishhisworkontimebecausehehadsomethingpersonaltodealwith.6.OnSaturdaystheyoftengotovisitthe__________(able)children.7.Therearesevenpeople,_________(include)4men.8.Thebandplayedmanysongs,_________(include)someofmyfavorites.9.Theman_________(win)200dollarsinthegame.10.Ifeltmyheart__________(beat)fasterafterrunningfastaroundtheplayground.（二）1.Ilookforwardto_________(get)yourletter.2.Thankyoufor_________(send）meatoy.3.Shewillgivesomeadviceonhow_________(learn)Englishinthespeech。4.Buyingthiscomputerisprobablya_________(good)choiceforyou。5.Ihopewecanallworktogether_________（solve）theproblem.（三）1.TheweatherintheNorthisusually_________(cool)thanthatintheSouth。2.Ofthestudentsinhisclass，heis_________（young)student.3.Timeis_________（important)thanmoney。4.Thebluebagis$140，andtheredoneis＄100。Sothebluebagis_________(expensive）thantheredbag.5.Lucyis_________（beautiful)amongthesegirls。6.Heeatstoomuch，sohegetsand_________(fat)。7.Beijingisoneof_________(big)citiesintheworld。8.Whois_________(tall），Tom,JackorJason？9.Itis_________(funny)bookIhaveeverread。10.The_________（careful)youare,the_________(few）mistakesyouwillmake.語(yǔ)法填空（一）Onestormynight，Iwentintoanemptyhousenearmyhomebymyself.（1)___________（two)catswerenearthedoor.The(2)___________（one）catwaswhite.Andthe（3）___________（two）catwasgrey.Theylookedscary.IopenedthedoorandIsawthreespiders。Therewasastepandthenanotherstep。IlookedupthestairsandIsawawitchstandingonthe(4)___________（four)stair。WhenIsawthewitch，Iscreamedandranallthewayhomein(5）___________(six）minutes.Athome,Iwasverycuriousaboutthewitch，soIwentbackthereatabout（6)___________(nine）o’clock.ThistimeIdidn’tseethewitch，butIsawsomekindangels.Theysaidthattheycouldhelpmerealizemy(7)___________（three)wishesfornothing.Whatascaryandwonderfulnight!（二）TodayIwanttointroducemyfivebestfriendstoyou。TheyareLily,Mary,Jack,JimandTom.Lilyisabeautifulgirl.Amongmyfivebestfriends，sheis(1)_________（hard-working）.Sheisalwaysthefirstonetogettoschool。Maryisalsoabeautifulgirl。Sheis(2）_________（tall)thanLily.Sheis（3)_________(clever)thanLily，butsheis（4）_________(lazy）thanLily.Jacklikesplayingbasketballverymuch.Heis（5)_________（strong)amongthethreeboys.Jimalsolikessports，buthedoesn’tlikebasketball.Helikesrunning。Herunsata（6)_________(fast）speedthananyotherboyinourclass。Tomdoesn’tlikesports。He