大學(xué)英語(yǔ)競(jìng)賽改錯(cuò)

1.Untiltheverylatestmomentofhisexistence,manhasbeenboundtotheplanetonwhichheoriginatedand

developed.NowhehadthecapabilitytoleavethatplanetS1._______

andmoveoutintotheuniversetothoseworldswhichhehasknownpreviouslyonlydirectly.MenhaveexploredS2._______

partsofthemoon,putspaceshipsinorbitaroundanotherplanetandpossiblywithinthedecadewilllandintoanotherS3._______

planetandexploreit.CanwebetooboldastoS4._______

suggestthatwemaybeabletocolonizeotherplanetS5._______withinthenot-too-distantfuture?Somehaveadvocatedsuchaprocedureasasolutiontothepopulationproblem:shiptheexcesspeopleofftothemoon.ButwemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswemightS6._______

spendincarryingouttheproject.Tomaintainthe

earth'spopulationatitspresentlevel.wewouldhavetoblastoffintospace7,500peopleeveryhourofeverydayoftheyear.

WhyarewespendingsolittlemoneyonspaceS7._______

exploration?ConsiderthegreatneedforimprovingS8._______

manyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcesthattheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.S9._______

Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconclusions.S10._______

00.6Whenyoustarttalkingaboutgoodandbadmannersyouimmediatelystartmeetingdifficulties.Manypeoplejustcannotagreewhattheymean.Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersononthewaytheyoccupiedtheS1._______

spacearoundthem—forexample,whensuchapersonwalksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofS2._______

others.Suchpeopleneverbumpintootherpeople.

However,asecondpersonthoughtthatthiswasmoreaquestionofcivilizedbehaviorasgoodmanners.S3._______Instead,thisotherpersontoldusastory,itheS4._______saidwasquitewellknown,aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealatoneofthecountriesS5._______

oftheMiddleEast.TheAmericanhasn'tbeenS6._______

toldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemightexpect.IfhehadknownaboutAmericanfood,heS7._______

mighthavebehavedbetter.

Immediatelybeforehimwasaveryflatpieceofbreadthatlooked,tohim,verymuchasanapkin(餐巾).S8._______Pickingitup,heputitintohiscollar,sothatitfallsacrosshisshirt.HisArabhost,whohadbeenS9._______

watching,saidofnothing,butimmediatelycopiedS10._______

theactionofhisguest.

Andthat,saidthissecondperson,wasafineexampleofgoodmanners.01.6Morepeopledieoftuberculosis(結(jié)核病)thanofany

otherdiseasecausedbyasingleagent.Thishasprobably

beenthecaseinquiteawhile.Duringtheearlystagesof

S1.________

theindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventh

S2.________

deathsinEurope'scrowdedcitieswerecausedbythe

S3.________

disease.Fromnowon,though,westerneyes,missingthe

S4.________

globalpicture,sawthetroublegoingintodecline.With

occasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathand

infectionintheEuropeandAmericadroppedsteadily

S5.________

throughthe19thand20thcenturies.Inthe1950s,the

introductionofantibiotics(抗菌素)strengthenedthe

trendinrichcountries,andtheantibioticswereallowed

tobeimportedtopoorcountries.Medicalresearchers

S6.________

declaredvictoryandwithdrew.

Theyarewrong.Inthemid-1980sthefrequencyof

S7.________

infectionsanddeathsstartedtopickupagainaroundthe

world.Wheretuberculosisvanished,itcameback;in

S8.________

manyplaceswhereithadneverbeenaway,itgrewbetter.

S9.________

TheWorldHealthOrganizationestimatesthat1.7

billionpeople(athirdoftheearth'spopulation)suffer

fromtuberculosis.Evenwhentheinfectionratewas

falling,populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinical

casesmoreorlessconstantlyat8millionayear.Around

S10.________

3millionofthosepeopledied,nearlyalloftheminpoor

countries.

02.1Sportingactivitiesareessentiallymodifiedformsofhuntingbehavior.Viewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasaS1.________

memberofadisguisedhuntingpack.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.IfhisaimisinaccurateS2.________andhescoresagoal,enjoysthehunter'striumphofkillinghisprey.S3._________

Tounderstandhowthistransformationhastakenplacewemustbrieflylookupatourancientancestors.TheyspentoveraS4.________millionyearevolvingasco-operativehunters.TheirverysurvivalS5._______dependedonsuccessinthehunting-field.Underthispressuretheirwholewayoflife,eveniftheirbodies,becameradicallychanged.TheybecameS6.________

chasers,runners,jumpers,aimers,throwersandprey-killers.Theyco-operateasskillfulmale-groupattackers.S7.________

Then,abouttenthousandyearsago,whenthisimmenselylongS8.________

formativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewS9._______use-thatofpenning(把……關(guān)在圈中),controllinganddomesticating

theirprey.Thefoodwasthereonthefarms,awaitingtheirneeds.Therisksanduncertaintiesoffarmingwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.S10._______02.6Agreatmanycitiesareexperiencingdifficultieswhicharenothingnewinthehistoryofcities,exceptintheirscale.Somecitieshavelosttheiroriginalpurposeandhavenotfoundnewone.AndanylargeorrichcityisgoingtoattractpoorS1._________

immigrants,whofloodin,fillingwithhopesofprosperityS2._________whicharethenoftendisappointing.TherearebackwardtownsontheedgeofBombayorBrasilia,justasthoughtherewereS3._________

ontheedgeofseventeenth-centuryLondonorearlynine-teenth-centuryParis.Thisisnewisthescale.DescriptionsS4._________writtenbyeighteenth-centurytravelersofthepoorofMexicoCity,andtheenormouscontraststhatwastobefoundthere,S5._________

areverydissimilartodescriptionsofMexicoCitytoday－theS6._________

poorcanstillbenumberedinmillions.

Thewholemonstrousgrowthrestsoneconomicprosperity,butbehinditliestwomyths:themythofthecityasaS7._________

promisedland,thatattractsimmigrantsfromruralpovertyS8._________

andbringsitfloodingintocitycenters,andthemythoftheS9._________countryasaGardenofEden,which,afewgenerationslate,S10._________

sendsthemfloodingoutagaintothesuburbs.

03.6TheSeattleTimesCompanyisonenewspaperfirmthat

hasrecognizedtheneedforchangeanddonesomethingabout

it.Inthenewspaperindustry,papersmustreflectthediversity

ofthecommunitiestowhichtheyprovideinformation.

ItmustreflectthatdiversitywiththeirnewscoverageorriskS1._______

losingtheirreaders'interestandtheiradvertisers'support.

OperatingwithinSeattle,whichhas20percentsracialS2.________

minorities,thepaperhasputintoplacepoliciesand

proceduresforhiringandmaintainadiverseworkforce.TheS3._______underlyingreasonforthechangeisthatforinformationtobe

fair,appropriate,andsubjective,itshouldbereportedbytheS4._________

samekindofpopulationthatreadsit.

Adiversitycommitteecomposedofreporters,editors,and

photographersmeetsregularlytovaluetheSeattleTimes'S5.________

contentandtoeducatetherestofthenewsroomstaffabout

diversityissues.Inanaddition,thepaperinstitutedacontentS6.________

audit(審查)thatevaluatesthefrequencyandmannerof

representationofwomanandpeopleofcolorinphotographs.S7._________

Earlyauditsshowedthatminoritieswerepicturedfartoo

infrequentlyandwerepicturedwithadisproportionatenumberofnegativearticles.TheauditresultsfromS8.________

improvementinthefrequencyofmajorityrepresentationandS9.________

theirportrayalinneutralorpositivesituations.And,withaS10._______

result,theSeattleTimeshasimprovedasanewspaper.

ThediversitytrainingandcontentauditshelpedtheSeattle

TimesCompanytowinthePersonnelJournalOptimalAward

forexcellenceinmanagingchange.

03.9"Home,sweethome"isaphrasethatexpressesanessentialattitude

intheUnitedStates.Whethertherealityoflifeinthefamily

houseissweetornosweet.ThecherishedidealofhomehasgreatS1.________

importanceformanypeople.

ThisidealisavitalpartoftheAmericandream.Thisdream,

dramatizedinthehistoryofnineteenth-centuryEuropeansettlersofthe

AmericanWest,wastofindapieceofplace,buildahouseforone'sS2.________

family,andstartedafarm.ThesesmallhouseholdswereportraitsofS3.________

independence:theentirefamily--mother,father,children,even

grandparents—liveinasmallhouseandworkingtogethertosupportS4.________

eachother.AnyoneunderstoodthelifeanddeathimportanceoffamilyS5.________

cooperationandhardwork.

AlthoughmostpeopleintheUnitedStatesnolongerliveon

farms,buttheidealofhomeownershipisjustasstronginthetwentiethS6.________

centuryasitwasinthenineteenth.

WhenU.S,soldierscamehomebeforeWorldWarII,forS7.________

example,theydreamedofbuyinghousesandstartingfamilies.ButthereS8.________

wasatremendousboominhomebuilding.Thenewhouses,typically

inthesuburbs,wereoftensmallandmoreorlessidentical,butitS9.________

satisfiedadeepneed.Manyregardedthesingle-familyhousethebasisofS10.________

theirwayoflife.03.12ThomasMalthuspublishedhis"EssayonthePrincipleofPopulation"almost200yearsago.Eversincethen,forecastershavebeingwarningthatworldwidefaminewasjustaroundtheS1________nextcorner.Thefast-growingpopulation'sdemandforfood,theywarned,wouldsoonexceedtheirsupply,leadingtoS2________widespreadfoodshortagesandstarvation.Butinreality,theworld'stotalgrainharvesthasrisensteadilyovertheyears.ExceptforrelativeisolatedtroublespotsS3________likepresent-daySomalia,andoccasionalyearsofgoodharvests,S4________theworld'sfoodcrisishasremainedjustaroundthecorner.MostexpertsbelievethiscancontinueevenasifthepopulationS5________doublesbythemid-21stcentury,althoughfeeding10billionpeoplewillnotbeeasyforpolitics,economicandenvironmentalS6________reasons.Optimistspointtoconcreteexamplesofcontinuedimprovementsinyield.InAfrica,byinstance,improvedseed,S7________morefertilizerandadvancedgrowingpracticeshavemorethandoublecornandwheatyieldsinanexperiment.Elsewhere,riceS8________expertsinthePhilippinesareproducingaplantwithfewstemsS9_________andmoreseeds.Thereisnoguaranteethatplantbreederscancontinuetodevelopnew,higher-yieldingcrop,butmostresearchersseetheirsuccesstodateasreasonforhope.S10________04.6Culturereferstothesocialheritageofapeople-thelearnedpatternsforthinking,feelingandactingthatcharacterizeapopulationorsociety,includetheexpressionoftheseS1._______

patternsinmaterialthings.Cultureiscomposeofnon-materialS2._______

culture-abstractcreationslikevalues,beliefs,customs

andinstitutionalarrangementsandmaterialculture-

physicalobjectlikecookingpots,computersandbathtubs.S3._______

Insum,culturereflectsboththeideasweshareoreverythingS4._______

wemake.Inordinaryspeech,apersonofcultureis

theindividualcanspeakanotherlanguage-thepersonwhoS5._______

isunfamiliarwiththearts,music,literature,philosophy,orS6._______

history.Buttosociologists,tobehumanistobecultured,

becauseofcultureisthecommonworldofexperienceweS7._______

sharewithothermembersofourgroup.Cultureisessentiallytoourhumanness.ItprovidesaS8._______

kindofmapforrelatingtoothers.Considerhowyoufind

yourwayaboutsociallife.Howdoyouknowhowtoactina

classroom,oradepartmentstore,ortowardapersonwho

smilesorlaughatyou?S9._______Yourculturesuppliesyoubybroad,standardized,S10._______

ready-madeanswersfordealingwitheachofthesesituations.

Therefore,ifweknowapersonsculture,wecanunderstand

andevenpredictagooddealofhisbehavior.

05.1TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysitsten-yearcampaigntoremoveleprosy(麻風(fēng)病)asaworldhealthproblemhasbeensuccessful.DoctorBrundtland,headoftheWHO,saysanumberofleprosycasesaroundtheworldhasS1._______beencutofninetypercentduringthepasttenyears.ShesaysS2._______effortsarecontinuingtocompleteendthedisease.S3._______Leprosyiscausedbybacteriaspreadthroughliquidfromthenoseandmouth.ThediseasemainlyeffectstheskinandS4._______nerves.However,ifleprosyisnottreateditcancausepermanentdamagefortheskin,nerves,eyes,armsorlegs.S5.________In1999,aninternationalcampaignbegantoendleprosy.TheWHO,governmentsofcountriesmostaffectedbythedisease,andseveralothergroupsarepartofthecampaign.Thisallianceguaranteesthatallleprosypatients,eventheyS6._______arepoor,havearighttothemostmoderntreatment.DoctorBrundtlandsaysleprosyisnolongeradiseasethatrequireslife-longtreatmentsbymedicalexperts.Instead,patientscantakethatiscalledamulti-drugtherapy.ThisS7._______moderntreatmentwillcureleprosyin6to12months,dependontheformofthedisease.ThetreatmentcombinesS8.________severaldrugstakendailyoronceamonth.TheWHOhasgivenmulti-drugtherapytopatientsfreelyforthelastfiveS9.________years.Themembersoftheallianceagainstleprosyplantotargetthecountrieswhichstillthreatenedbyleprosy.AmongS10_______theestimated600,000victimsaroundtheworld,theWHObelievesabout70%areinIndia.ThediseasealsoremainsaprobleminAfricaandSouthAmerica.05.12EveryweekhundredsofCVs(簡(jiǎn)歷)landonourdesks.We’veseenitall:CVsprintedonpinkpaper,CVsthatare10pageslongandCVswithsillymistakesinfirstparagraph.AS1________goodCVisyourpassporttoaninterviewand,ultimate,toS2________thejobyouwant.Initialimpressionsarevital,andabadlypresentedCVcouldmeanacceptance,regardlessofwhat’sinit.S3_______Hereareafewwaystoavoidendupontherejectpile.S4_______PrintyourCVongood-qualitywhitepaper.CVswithflowerybackgroundsorpinkpaperwillstandoutuponallthewrongreasons.S5_______Getsomeonetocheckforspellingandgrammaticalerrors,becauseaspell-checkerwillpickupeveryS6________mistake.CVswitherrorswillberejected－itshowsthatyoudon’tpayattentiontodetail.Restrictyourselftooneortwopages,andlistinganypublicationsorrefereesonaseparatesheet.S7_______IfyouaresendingyourCVelectronically,checktheformattingbysendingittoyourselffirst.keepupS8_______theformatsimple.Donotsendaphotounlessspecificallyrequested.Ifyouhavetosendon,makesureitisonetakinginaS9________professionalsetting,ratherthanaholidaysnap.Gettingthepresentationrightisjustthefirststep.Whataboutthecontent?TheRulehereistokeepitfactualandtruthful-exaggerationsusuallygetfindout.AndrememberS10_______totailoryourCVtoeachdifferentjob.06.6Untilrecently,dyslexiaandotherreadingproblemswereamysterytomostteachersandparents.Asaresult,toomanykidspassedthroughschoolwithoutmastertheprintedpage.S1_______Someweretreatedasmentallydeficient;manywereleftfunctionallyilliterate(文盲的),unabletoevermeettheirpotential.Butinthelastseveralyears,there’sbeenarevolutioninthatwe’velearnedaboutreadinganddyslexia.S2_______Scientistsareusingavarietyofnewimagingtechniquestowatchthebrainatwork.Theirexperimentshaveshownthatreadingdisordersaremostlikelytheresultofwhatis,inaneffect,S3_______faultywritinginthebrain－notlazy,stupidityorapoorhomeS4________environment.There’salsoconvincingevidencewhichdyslexiaS5________islargelyinherited.Itisnowconsideredachronicproblemforsomekids,notjusta“phase”.Scientistshavealsodiscardedanotheroldstereotypethatalmostalldyslexicsareboys.Studiesindicatethatmanygirlsareaffectingaswell－S6________andnotgettinghelp.Atsametime,educationalresearchershavecomeupS7________withinnovativeteachingstrategiesforkidswhoarehavingtroublelearningtoread.NewscreeningtestsareidentifyingchildrenatriskbeforetheygetdiscouragedbyyearofS8________frustrationandfailure.Andeducatorsaretryingtogetthemessagetoparentsthattheyshouldbeonthealertforthefirstsignsofpotentialproblems.It’sanurgentmission.MassliteracyisarelativenewS9________socialgoal.Ahundredyearsagopeopledidn’tneedtobegoodreadersinordertoearnaliving.ButintheInformationAge,noonecangetbywithknowinghowtoreadwellandS10________understandincreasinglycomplexmaterial.06.12老六級(jí)Themostimportantstartingpointforimprovingtheunderstandingofscienceisundoubtedlyanadequatescientificeducationatschool.PublicattitudetowardsscienceowemuchthewayscienceistaughtintheseS1________institutions.Today,schooliswhatmostpeoplecomeintoS2________contactwithaformalinstructionandexplanationofscienceforthefirsttime,atleastinasystematicway.Itisatthispointwhichthefoundationsarelaidforaninterestinscience.S3________whatistaught(andhow)inthisfirstencounterwilllargelydetermineanindividual’sviewofthesubjectinadultlife.UnderstandingtheoriginalofthenegativeattitudesS4________towardssciencemayhelpustomodifythem.Mosteducationsystemneglectexploration,understandingandreflection.S5________Teachersinschoolstendtopresentscienceasacollectionoffacts,oftenbymoredetailthannecessary.Asaresult,S6________childrenmemorizeprocessessuchasmathematicalformulasortheperiodictable,onlytoforgetitshortlyafterwards.TheS7________taskoflearningfactsandconcepts,oneatatime,makeslearninglaborious,boringandefficient.SuchapurelyS8________empiricalapproach,whichconsistsofobservationanddescription,isalso,inasense,unscientificorincomplete.ThereisthereforeaneedforresourcesandmethodsofteachingthatfacilitatesadeepunderstandingofscienceinS9________anenjoyableway.Scienceshouldnotonlybe‘fun’inthesamewayasplayingavideogame,but‘hardfun’adeepfeelingofconnectionmadepossiblyonlybyimaginativeS10________engagement.06年12月新六級(jí)TheNationalEndowmentfortheArtsrecentlyreleasedtheresultsofits“ReadingatRisk”survey,whichdescribedthemovementoftheAmericanpublicawayfrombooksandliteratureandtowardtelevisionandelectronicmedia.Accordingtothesurvey,“readingisonthedeclineoneveryS1________region,withineveryethnicgroup,andateveryeducationallevel.”ThedaytheNEAreportreleased,theU.S.House,inatieS2________vote,upheldthegovernment’srighttoobtainbookstoreandlibraryrecordsunderaprovisionoftheUSAPatriotAct.TheHouseproposalwouldhavebarredthefederalgovernmentfromdemandlibraryrecords,readinglists,bookcustomerS3________listsandothermaterialinterrorismandintelligenceinvestigations.Thesetwoeventsarecompletelyunrelatedto,yettheyS4________echoeachotherinthemessagetheysendabouttheplaceofbooksandreadinginAmericanculture.AttheheartoftheNEAsurveyisthebeliefinourdemocraticS5________systemdependsonleaderswhocanthinkcritically,analyzetextsandwritingclearly.AlloftheseareskillspromotedbyS6________readinganddiscussingbooksandliterature.Atthesametime,throughaprovisionofthePatriotAct,theleadersofourcountryareunconsciouslysendingthemessagethatreadingmaybeconnectedtodesirableactivitiesthatmightS7________undermineoursystemofgovernmentratherthanhelpingdemocracyflourish.Ourculture’sdeclineinreadingbeginwellbeforetheS8________existenceofthePatriotAct.Duringthe1980s’culturewars,schoolsystemsacrossthecountrypulledsomebooksfromlibraryshelvesbecauseitscontentwasdeemedbyparentsS9________andteacherstobeinappropriate.NowwhatstartedinschoolsacrossthecountryisplayingitselfoutonanationstageandS10________ispossiblyhavinganimpactonthereadinghabitsoftheAmericanpublic.參考答案：00.1

S1.had→has

S2.directly→indirectly

S3.into→on

S4.too→so

S5.plant→planets/worlds

S6.head→mind

S7.little→much

S8.Consider→Considering

S9.they→/

S10.(arriving)∧(hasty)→at00.6

S1.on→by

S2.unaware→aware

S3.as→than

S4.it→which

S5.at→in

S6.hasn't→hadn't

S7.American→Arab

S8.as→like

S9.falls→fell

S10.of→/01.6

S1.in→for

S2.seventh→seven

S3.were→was

S4.now→then

S5.the→/S6.imported→exported

S7.are→were

S8.(tuberculosis)∧(vanished)→had

S9.better→worse

S10.constantly→constant02.1

S1.Viewing→Viewed

S2.inaccurate→accurate

S3.(,)∧(enjoys)→he

S4.up→/

S5.year→years

S6.if→/S7.co-operate→co-operated

S8.when→after

S9.were→was

S10.farming→hunting02.6

S1.(found)∧(new)→a

S2.filling→filled

S3.though→/

S4.This→What

S5.was→were

S6.dissimilar→similar

S7.lies→lie

S8.that→which

S9.it→them

S10.late→later03.6

S1.it→they

S2.percents→percent

S3.maintain→maintaining

S4.subjective→objective

S5.meets→meet

S6.an→/

S7.woman→women

S8.from→in

S9.majority→minority

S10.with→as03.9S1.no→notS2.place→landS3.started→startS4.working→workS5.anyone→everyoneS6.but→/S7.before→afterS8.But→SoS9.it→theyS10.(house)∧(the)→as03.12S1.being→beenS2.their→itsS3.relative→relativelyS4.good→badS5.as→/S6.politics→politicalS7.by→forS8.double→doubledS9.few→moreS10.(as)∧(reason)→the04.6S1.include→including

S2.compose→composed

S3.object→objects

S4.or→and

S5.(individual)∧(can)→who

S6.unfamiliar→familiar

S7.of→/

S8.essentially→essential

S9.laugh→laughs

S10.by→with05.1S1.a→theS2.of→byS3.complete→completelyS4.effects→affectsS5.for→toS6.(even)∧(they)→if/thoughS7.that→whatS8.depend→dependingS9.freely→freeS10.(which)∧(still)→are05.12S1.(in)∧(first)→the

S2.ultimate→ultimately

S3.acceptance→unacceptance

S4.end→ending

S5.upon→/

S6.(will)∧(pick)→not

S7.listing→list

S8.up→/

S9.taking→takenS10.find→found06.6S1master→mastering

S2that→which

S3an→/

S4lazy→laziness

S5which→that

S6affecting→affected

S7(at)∧(same)→the

S8year→years

S9relative→relatively

S10with→without06.12老

S1.(much)∧(the)→to

S2.what→where

S3.which→that

S4.original→origin

S5.system→systems

S6.by→in

S7.it→them

S8.efficient→inefficient

S9.facilitates→facilitate

S10.possibly→possible06.12新S1.on→in

S2.(report)∧(released)→was

S3.demand→demanding

S4.to→/

S5

in→that

S6.writing→write

S7.desirable→undesirable

S8.begin→began

S9.its→theirs

S10.nation→national模擬訓(xùn)練（1）Whileanewschooltermisabouttobegin,perhapsweshouldreconsiderthematterofexamination.InJuly,twowriters(totheeditor)prasiedthecancellat-ionofexamsbecausetheybelieve“testsdotellthewholestory”.1.Toateacherwhohasworkedinthreecountries,Ihavehadtheexperience2.thatastudentwhoearnsgoodmarksisgenerallyagoodstudent,andthatastu-dent’sfinalmarkinthesubjectusuallyagradeaverageoftheyear’swork.Ofthereareexceptions,buttheydonothavethefrequencythatwouldgivean3.unfairpictureofateacher’sability.4.Thesimplefactisthatproperclasswork,diligentexamstudiesandgoodmarksarealmostcertainindicatorofastudent’sfutureperformance.Theopp-5.osite,almostcertainlyincompetence.There’snoacceptablesubstitutewithcompetenceandexaminationofquality.6.Howcanteachersandfutureofficialsdeterminethatastudenthaslearnedand7.Remembered?Shouldwesimplytakethestudent’swordforit?Anyinstitutionthat“l(fā)ibrates”studentsfromfairandformalexamsismisguided,ifnotingnorant.Andsurelythe“graduates”ofsuchinstitutionswilllacktrustworthiness,nottotell8.beingrejectedbyforeignuniversitiesforgraduateorotherstudies.Whenallissaidanddone,Isensethatsfearoffailandafearofunpleasant9.comparisonwithothersisatthebottomofmostban-examtalk.Excellenceandqualityfearnothing.Thecontrary,theyseekcompetitionanddesirethesatisfac-10.tionofbeingthebest.do–donotto—asofofcourseteachers’—students’indicatorswith—forthat—whattell—mentionfailurethecontraryonthecontrary模擬訓(xùn)練（2）InJapan,mostpeoplestillfeelthatawoman’splaceisinthehome;andmostwomenwillinglyaccepttheirtraditionalroleaswife,leavethebusinessofmaking1.alivinguptotheirhusbands.Forthosewhodowantacareeroftheirown,opportunitiesarelimited,andworkingwomenusuallyhavetosettleforlowerwages,fewerpromotions,littleresponsiblepositions.2.InAmerica,ontheotherhand,mostwomen,includingwivesandmothers,workmostoftheirlives.Butnotuntilrecently,fewhavehadrealcareers.Asin3.Japanmostfieldsared