山東省臨沂市高三下學(xué)期二模英語(yǔ)試題

2023年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試(模擬)英語(yǔ)本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿(mǎn)分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)100分鐘。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分，滿(mǎn)分分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHereisashortenedlistofbooksplannedbyTIMEandTIMEforKidsthataresuitableforelementaryschoolers.Tomakethelist,weaskedforsubmissionsfromclimateandeducationexperts.Wethenconsideredhowageappropriatethematerialwas,andwhetherthetoneandstorylineleftthereaderfeelingengagedandempoweredratherthananxiousoroverwhelmed.WEAREWATERPROTECTORSByCaroleLindstrom;illustratedbyMichaelaGoadeAtribute(致敬)tonativetribesthatareprotectingtheplanet,thisbookmetaphoricallyshowstheharmsofoilpipelines.Kidswillseethevalueofmunityaction,whileadultswillrecognizethestoryoftheStandingRockSioux’sfightagainsttheDakotaAccessPipeline.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWINDByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer;illustratedbyElizabethZunonThepicturebookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor’steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedroughtaninspiringtaleforfuturecleanenergyengineers.THELORAXByDr.SeussThankstoitsrhymeandfancifulillustrations,thisclassictaleissuitableforyoungchildrenwhocangraspthescarcityofnaturalresources,andalsoolderkidswhocanseeadangerinvaluingprofitsoverlongtermenvironmentalharm.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURSByDavidMiles;illustratedbyAlbertPinillaEveryleftpagedefinesaclimatechangeissuewhileeveryrightpagefeaturesaspinwheel,givingkidsthe“choice”ofhowwecaneitheraddresstheproblemorworsenit.1.Whosebookwillyoupreferifyouwanttobeawindenergyengineer?A.BryanMealer. B.DavidMiles. C.MichaelaGoade. D.Dr.Seuss.2.Whichbookguidesreaderstomakeoptionsaboutenviornmentprotection?A.THELORAX. B.WEAREWATERPROTECTORS.C.THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND. D.CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS.3.Whatdothefourbookshaveinmon?A.Theyareintendedforkidsinthekindergarten.BTheplotsaremysteriousandgetthereadersinvolved.C.Theirmaterialsareeditedbyclimateandeducationexperts.D.Theyareaboutenvironmentprotectionandhavepicturesattached.【答案】1.A2.D3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹四本書(shū)籍的情況?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)THEBOYWHOHARNESSEDTHEWIND部分中“ByWilliamKamkwambaandBryanMealer;illustratedbyElizabethZunon(WilliamKamkwamba和BryanMealer著；ElizabethZunon繪制)”以及“Thepicturebookeditionofthismemoirrecountstheauthor’steenageexperiencebuildingawindmillfromscrapmaterialsduringanextremedroughtaninspiringtaleforfuturecleanenergyengineers.(這本回憶錄的圖畫(huà)書(shū)版本講述了作者十幾歲時(shí)在極端干旱期間用廢料建造風(fēng)車(chē)的經(jīng)歷——這對(duì)未來(lái)的清潔能源工程師來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)鼓舞人心的故事)”可知，如果你想成為一名風(fēng)能工程師，你會(huì)更喜歡BryanMealer的書(shū)。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS部分中“Everyleftpagedefinesaclimatechangeissuewhileeveryrightpagefeaturesaspinwheel,givingkidsthe“choice”ofhowwecaneitheraddresstheproblemorworsenit.(每一頁(yè)左邊都定義了一個(gè)氣候變化問(wèn)題，而每一頁(yè)右邊都有一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)輪，讓孩子們“選擇”我們是解決問(wèn)題還是惡化問(wèn)題)”可知，CLIMATECHANGE,THECHOICEISOURS引導(dǎo)讀者對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)做出選擇。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Tomakethelist,weaskedforsubmissionsfromclimateandeducationexperts.(為了制作這份榜單，我們征求了氣候和教育專(zhuān)家的意見(jiàn))”；第一部分“illustratedbyMichaelaGoade(MichaelaGoade插圖)”；第二部分“illustratedbyElizabethZunon(插圖ElizabethZunon)”；第三部分“Thankstoitsrhymeandfancifulillustrations,thisclassictaleissuitableforyoungchildrenwhocangraspthescarcityofnaturalresources,andalsoolderkidswhocanseeadangerinvaluingprofitsoverlongtermenvironmentalharm.(由于它的韻律和奇特的插圖，這個(gè)經(jīng)典的故事適合年幼的孩子，他們可以理解自然資源的稀缺性，也適合大一點(diǎn)的孩子，他們可以看到利潤(rùn)比長(zhǎng)期環(huán)境危害更重要的危險(xiǎn))”以及第四部分“illustratedbyAlbertPinilla(AlbertPinilla插圖)”可知，這四本書(shū)的共同點(diǎn)是它們是關(guān)于環(huán)境保護(hù)的，并附有圖片。故選D。BOnatramsmoothlypullingintotheheartofLuxembourgCity,Marckgivesasmileandtakesalookatthefabricoftheseatnexttohim.Forhim,thecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand,perhaps,changingtheworld.MarckisthedirectorgeneralofLuxtram,Luxembourg’smoderntrams.Itfirststartedrunningservicestwoyearsago.Nextyear,Luxembourgwillbeetheworld’sonlycountrytogetridoffaresonallitsformsofpublictransport.Luxembourg’strafficproblemsefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday,whenmorethan110,000peopletravelinandout.Afterthreedecadeswhenitsroadshavebeesocrowded,Luxembourgisgoingtodosomethingremarkable.Freefares,andaplantopersuadepeopletoswitchfromcarstotramsortrains.Marck,alongwithmanyothers,isexcitedtoseewhathappensnext.“Thefactthatthisisfreemeansthateveryonecanuseit—youngorold,richorpoor,”hesaid.“Everyonecansaytothemselvesit’sbettertoleavethecarathome.Wemustcontinuetoimproveandextendthenetwork.Itmustalwaysbefortable,wellconnected,efficient.”LydiePolfer,thecity’smayor,saysshehopestoreachthepointwheremorethanathirdofpeopleeintothecityusingpublictransport—atthemoment,it’slessthanoneinfive.Shesaid,“It’snotpracticaltobancarsbecausesomepeople,liketheelderly,needthem.Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituation.ThereisanexpressioninGerman—youarenotinthetrafficjam—youarethetrafficjam,andthatistrue.Ithinkthatmakingitfreewillbethebiggestargumentsforpeopletousepublictransport.”4.WhydoesMarckthinkthecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport?AThetramsarehisgoalthathestrivesfor.B.Therearemoremeansoftransportationthantrams.C.City’stramsbringmorechangesbeyondtransport.D.ThetramsaretheheartofLuxembourgCitytransportsystem.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thecauseofthetrafficproblems. B.Themeansofpublictransport.C.Thedevelopmentofrunningservices. D.Theincreaseofworkingpopulation.6.Whatconcernspeoplemostwhenusingthepublictransport?A.Theconvenience. B.Thefare. C.Thefort. D.Theefficiency.7.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatLydiePolfersaid?A.Theelderlyneedn’tusepublictransport.B.It’spossibletopersuademostpeopletousethetrams.C.Everyonecandohisparttoimprovetransportsituation.D.Thosewhodon’ttakepublictransportcausetrafficjams.【答案】4.C5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。明年，盧森堡將成為世界上唯一一個(gè)對(duì)所有形式的公共交通免收車(chē)費(fèi)的國(guó)家。文章解釋了這一舉措背后的原因以及意義?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Forhim,thecity’stramsaremorethanjusttransport.Moreeventhanthefocusofhisjob.Theyareabouttransforminghiscountryand,perhaps,changingtheworld.(對(duì)他來(lái)說(shuō)，這座城市的有軌電車(chē)不僅僅是交通工具。甚至超過(guò)了他工作的重心。它們改變他的國(guó)家，也許改變世界)”可知，Marck認(rèn)為城市的有軌電車(chē)不僅僅是交通工具，也帶來(lái)了超越交通的更多地改變。故選C。【5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Luxembourg’strafficproblemsefromitsarmyofworkers.Thepopulationofthecapitalcityalmostdoublesduringtheworkingday,whenmorethan110,000peopletravelinandout.(盧森堡的交通問(wèn)題來(lái)自于它的工人大軍。首都的人口在工作日幾乎翻倍，每天有超過(guò)11萬(wàn)人進(jìn)出)”可知，第二段主要講了交通問(wèn)題的原因。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ithinkthatmakingitfreewillbethebiggestargumentsforpeopletousepublictransport.(我認(rèn)為免費(fèi)使用它將是人們使用公共交通工具的最大理由。)”可知，人們?cè)谑褂霉步煌üぞ邥r(shí)最關(guān)心的是車(chē)費(fèi)。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段LydiePolfer說(shuō)的“Buteveryonehastobeawarethatheorshecandosomethingtoimprovethesituation.ThereisanexpressioninGerman—youarenotinthetrafficjam—youarethetrafficjam,andthatistrue.(但每個(gè)人都必須意識(shí)到，他或她可以做些什么來(lái)改善這種情況。德語(yǔ)中有句話——你不在交通堵塞中——你就是交通堵塞，這是真的)”可推知，LydiePolfer認(rèn)為每個(gè)人都可以盡自己的一份力量來(lái)改善交通狀況。故選C。CHaveyoueverwishedyoucouldbebetterorganisedormoresociable?Perhapsyou’reaconstantworrier,andyou’dprefertobealittlemorecarefree?Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwothirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.Ourgenesalmostcertainlyplayarole:it’swhypeople’spersonalitiesoftenreflecttheirbiologicalparents’ones.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentwasthoughttoendinearlyadulthood,asthebrainreachedmaturity.Ifthisweretrue,itwouldn’tbepossibletoshiftpersonalityatwill.YetthatisexactlywhatpsychologyprofessorNathanHudsonandhiscolleagueshaveshownwithaseriesofgroundbreakingstudies.Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.Theaimisforthethinkingpatternsandbehaviourstheygeneratetobeehabitual.Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallypletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants’personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webeewhatwerepeatedlydo.Theunexpectedplasticityofourmindsshouldbegoodnewsforanyonewhowishestheywereabitmoresociable,organised,orhappygolucky.Anotherpotentialbenefitisthatawarenessofthisresearchcouldhelpimprovementalhealth.8.Whyis“l(fā)eopard”mentionedinparagraph2?A.Toexplainthatourmindsconsistofvirtuesandflaws.B.Toshowthesimilaritybetweenleopardsandhumanbeings.C.Toproveapossibilitythatpeoplecanchangetheirpersonality.D.Todemonstratethepreviousbeliefthatpersonalitiesremainfixed.9.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthe“interventions”?A.Thetwotrialsreacheddifferentconclusions. B.Activitiesaretailoredtospecificpersonalitites.C.Thepurposeistobetterpeople’spersonalities. D.People’spersonalitiescanbechangedbutcan’tlast.10.WhathasNathanHudson’steamshownthroughtheirstudies?A.Thepreviousexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewasconfirmed.B.Theinfluenceofoursocialenvironmentendswhenthebrainmatures.C.Thedesiretochangesomeelementsofourpersonalitycanbeachieved.D.Ourgenesplayagreaterroleinourpersonalitythansocialenvironment.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WeAreWhatWeDo B.HabitsMakeThingsEasierCYourPersonalityIsNotSetInStone D.ALeopardNeverChangesItsSpots【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。最近的科學(xué)研究證明，這種對(duì)人格持久性的期望是錯(cuò)誤的。通過(guò)正確的心理策略和足夠的努力，許多人可以成功地將他們的核心個(gè)性塑造成他們想要的樣子。文章介紹了研究開(kāi)展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)和意義：對(duì)于那些希望自己更善于交際、更有條理或更隨遇而安的人來(lái)說(shuō)，我們大腦意想不到的可塑性應(yīng)該是個(gè)好消息。另一個(gè)潛在的好處是，意識(shí)到這項(xiàng)研究可以幫助改善心理健康?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Manysurveysshowthatatleasttwothirdsofpeoplewouldliketochangesomeelementsoftheirpersonality.Inthepast,suchdesiresappearedtobeunachievable.Liketheproverbialleopardthatcouldneverchangeitsspots,ourvirtuesandflawswerebelievedtobewovenintothefabricofourminds.(許多調(diào)查顯示，至少三分之二人想要改變他們性格中的某些元素。在過(guò)去，這樣的愿望似乎是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的。就像諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)的“江山易改本性難移”一樣，我們的優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)被認(rèn)為是編織在我們的思想結(jié)構(gòu)中)”可推知，在第二段提到了“豹”是為了證明先前的觀點(diǎn)，即人格是固定的。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Theinterventionsintheirstudiestypicallyinvolvearrangingregularactivitiesthatreflectthepersonalitiespeoplewishtoadopt.Aquietpersonwhowishedtobemoreoutgoing,forexample,mighthavethegoalofintroducingthemselvestoastrangeronceaweek,ormakingsmalltalkwiththecashierattheirlocalsupermarket.(在他們的研究中，干預(yù)通常包括安排反映人們希望采用的個(gè)性的定期活動(dòng)。例如，一個(gè)安靜的人希望變得更外向，他的目標(biāo)可能是每周向陌生人介紹自己一次，或者在當(dāng)?shù)爻信c收銀員閑聊一次)”可推知，活動(dòng)是為特定的個(gè)性量身定制的。故選B。【10題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Inthefirsttrial,providedparticipantsactuallypletedthosearrangedtasks,theirpersonalitiesshiftedinthedesireddirection.Similarlyexcitingresultscouldbeseeninalatertrial.Thedifferencesofparticipants’personalitiesbeforeandaftertheinterventionwerestillapparentthreemonthsaftertheexperimenthadended.AsAristotlearguedmorethan2,300yearsago,webeewhatwerepeatedlydo.(在第一次試驗(yàn)中，如果參與者確實(shí)完成了這些安排好的任務(wù)，他們的性格就會(huì)朝著預(yù)期的方向轉(zhuǎn)變。在隨后的試驗(yàn)中也可以看到同樣令人興奮的結(jié)果。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束三個(gè)月后，參與者在干預(yù)前后的性格差異仍然很明顯。正如亞里士多德在2300多年前所說(shuō)的那樣，我們反復(fù)做什么，我們就會(huì)成為什么)”可知，內(nèi)森·哈德森的團(tuán)隊(duì)通過(guò)他們的研究表明了改變我們個(gè)性的某些元素的愿望是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。故選C。11題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Recentscientificresearch,however,provesthisexpectationofpersonality’spermanencewrong.Withtherightpsychologicalstrategiesandenougheffort,manypeoplecansuccessfullyshapetheircorepersonalitiesintowhattheydesire.(然而，最近的科學(xué)研究證明，這種對(duì)人格持久性的期望是錯(cuò)誤的。通過(guò)正確的心理策略和足夠的努力，許多人可以成功地將他們的核心個(gè)性塑造成他們想要的樣子)”可知，文章主要介紹了最近的科學(xué)研究證明，這種對(duì)人格持久性的期望是錯(cuò)誤的。通過(guò)正確的心理策略和足夠的努力，許多人可以成功地將他們的核心個(gè)性塑造成他們想要的樣子，C選項(xiàng)“你的性格不是一成不變的”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。DYoumayhavewonderedhowlavenderisusedforsocialanxiety.Butfirst,justwhatislavender?Lavender,alsoknownasEnglishorgardenlavender,isaherbnativetotheMediterraneanregion.Historically,lavenderwasusedtomummifybodiesinEgypt,inbathsinGreeceandRome,andforcuringthebrokenskinandmentalhealthpurposes.Today,lavenderisusedasatraditionalorplementaryremedyforrelaxation,toreduceanxiety,anddepression,aswellasfordiseasessuchasstomachupsetandheadaches.Noscientificstudieshavespecificallyexaminedthebenefitsoflavenderuseforsocialanxietydisorder.Ina2000study,CookandErnstreportedthatingeneral,aromatherapy(芳香療法)ishelpfulinreducinganxietyandstressintheshortterm.A2012studyalsoshowedsomeevidenceoftheusefulnessoflavendertakenforanxiety.Moreresearchisneededtosupporttheuseoflavenderforthetreatmentofsocialanxietydisorder.Lavenderisusuallyusedintheformofanessentialoilaspartofaromatherapy.Thescentisinhaled,ortheoilisappliedtotheskin,whichwillbenefittheanxiouspeoplequickly.Driedlavendercanalsobeusedtomakeateaorliquidextract.Lavendermayalsobetakeninpillform.Lavenderteacanbemadebyusing1to2teaspoonsofdriedleavesfor15minutesinacupofboilingwater.Inliquidextractform,nomorethan60dropsoflavendershouldbetakeninaday.Beforetakinglavenderinliquidform,youshouldreadtheproductlabelanddiscussthedosewithaqualifiedhealthcareprovider.Thereisnotenoughscientificevidencetosafelyremendlavenderforchildrenyoungerthan18years.Lavendertakenbymouthhasthepotentialtoincreasetheriskofbleeding.Ifyousufferfromableedingdisorderoraretakingmedicinethatmayincreasebleeding,usecautionwhentakinglavender.12.Whatcanweknowaboutlavenderfromparagraphl?A.Itcanhelpdealwithmentalhealthproblems.B.ItwasusedtopreservedeadbodiesinGreece.C.Itwasusedtocurestomachupsetandheadaches.D.ItisaherbintroducedintotheMediterraneanregion.13.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph2?A.Thetreatmentforsocialanxietydisorder.B.Thehistoryofaromatherapyreducingstress.C.Thebenefitsoflavenderusedformentaldisorder.D.Theresearchesontheuseoflavenderforsocialanxiety.14.Howisparagraph3developed?A.Bycollectingdata. B.Bymakingalist.C.Byintroducingconcepts. D.Bymakingparisons.15.Whatcanwelearnabouttakinglavenderfromthetext?A.Itmayworsenthebleeding.B.It’sprovedtobeunsafeforkidsof14.C.Lavenderinpillformfunctionsbetterthanthatinliquid.D.Adoseshouldbedecidedaccordingtotheproductlabel.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。薰衣草在古時(shí)候就被人們用來(lái)治療疾病。新的研究表明薰衣草可以被用來(lái)治療人們的焦慮?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一自然段“Historically,lavenderwasusedtomummifybodiesinEgypt,inbathsinGreeceandRome,andforcuringthebrokenskinandmentalhealthpurposes.Today,lavenderisusedasatraditionalorplementaryremedyforrelaxation,toreduceanxiety,anddepression,aswellasfordiseasessuchasstomachupsetandheadaches.(歷史上，薰衣草在埃及被用來(lái)制作木乃伊，在希臘和羅馬被用來(lái)洗澡，還被用來(lái)治療破損的皮膚和心理健康。如今，薰衣草被用作放松、減少焦慮和抑郁以及治療胃部不適和頭痛等疾病的傳統(tǒng)或補(bǔ)充藥物。)”故從第一段中我們可以得知，薰衣草可以幫助解決心理健康問(wèn)題。故選A。【13題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二自然段“Noscientificstudieshavespecificallyexaminedthebenefitsoflavenderuseforsocialanxietydisorder.Ina2000study,CookandErnstreportedthatingeneral,aromatherapy(芳香療法)ishelpfulinreducinganxietyandstressintheshortterm.A2012studyalsoshowedsomeevidenceoftheusefulnessoflavendertakenforanxiety.Moreresearchisneededtosupporttheuseoflavenderforthetreatmentofsocialanxietydisorder.(沒(méi)有科學(xué)研究專(zhuān)門(mén)研究薰衣草對(duì)社交焦慮癥的益處。在2000年的一項(xiàng)研究中，庫(kù)克和恩斯特報(bào)告說(shuō)，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，芳香療法有助于在短期內(nèi)減少焦慮和壓力。2012年的一項(xiàng)研究也顯示了服用薰衣草治療焦慮癥的一些證據(jù)。需要更多的研究來(lái)支持使用薰衣草治療社交焦慮癥。)”可知，本段主要介紹了薰衣草對(duì)社交焦慮癥的益處的兩項(xiàng)研究。故選D。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Lavenderisusuallyusedintheformofanessentialoilaspartofaromatherapy…Driedlavendercanalsobeusedtomakeateaorliquidextract.Lavendermayalsobetakeninpillform.(薰衣草通常以精油的形式使用，作為芳香療法的一部分……干薰衣草也可以用來(lái)泡茶或提取液體。薰衣草也可以藥丸形式服用。)”可知，本段主要羅列了用薰衣草治療社交焦慮癥的方法。故本段采用了“羅列”的方法展開(kāi)論述。故選B。【15題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Lavendertakenbymouthhasthepotentialtoincreasetheriskofbleeding.Ifyousufferfromableedingdisorderoraretakingmedicinethatmayincreasebleeding,usecautionwhentakinglavender.(口服薰衣草有可能增加出血的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。如果你患有出血性疾病或正在服用可能會(huì)增加出血的藥物，服用薰衣草時(shí)要小心。)”可知，服用薰衣草可能會(huì)加重出血。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分，滿(mǎn)分分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Beinglateisatendencythatsomepeoplecannotseemtoshake.Manyfactorscontributetocontinuallateness,includingtimeperception,timemanagementandpersonality.Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime,whetherit’stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.____16____“Itislikelythatthere’samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere,”HugoSpiers,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondontoldLiveScience.____17____Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus(海馬體)actingas“timecells”contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents,butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.Onefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study,Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents’spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.____18____“Ifyou’reveryfamiliarwithaspace,youstarttodiscountthetroubleitwilltake,”Spierssaid.Anotherenvironmentalfactormaybecrowdedness.Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtualReality,researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated(模擬的)subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedmutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.____19________20____Certaincharacterfeatures,suchasreducedconscientiousness(責(zé)任心),cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.A.Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.B.Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience.C.Wemaketimeestimatesbasedonhowurgentthetasksare.D.However,theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.E.Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate?F.Aregionofthebrain,calledhippocampus,processessomeaspectsoftime.G.That’sbecausepeoplewhorunlatetellthemselvesandotherstheycanbepunctual.【答案】16.E17.F18.D19.B20.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要分析了為什么有些人似乎從不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，無(wú)論是午餐約會(huì)還是工作會(huì)議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Weallknowsomeonewhoneverseemstobeontime,whetherit’stoalunchdateoraworkmeeting.(我們都知道有些人似乎從不準(zhǔn)時(shí)，無(wú)論是午餐約會(huì)還是工作會(huì)議)”可知，有些人從不準(zhǔn)時(shí)。而下一段““Itislikelythatthere’samechanisminthebrainthatcausessomepeopletobelateformeetingsbecausetheyunderestimatethetimeitwilltakethemtogetthere,”HugoSpiers,aprofessoratUniversityCollegeLondontoldLiveScience.(倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院教授雨果·斯皮爾斯在接受《生活科學(xué)》雜志采訪時(shí)表示：“很可能是大腦中存在某種機(jī)制，導(dǎo)致一些人開(kāi)會(huì)遲到，因?yàn)樗麄兊凸懒说竭_(dá)那里所需的時(shí)間?！?”可知，下文開(kāi)始解釋人們?yōu)槭裁床粶?zhǔn)時(shí)。選項(xiàng)E“Butisthereagoodexplanationforwhysomepeoplearealwayslate?(但是對(duì)于為什么有些人總是遲到有一個(gè)很好的解釋嗎？)”承上啟下，符合上下文內(nèi)容。故選E。【17題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Researchsuggeststhatneuronsinthehippocampus(海馬體)actingas“timecells”contributetoourperceptionandmemoryofevents,butwhyexactlysomepeoplecontinuallyunderestimatetimeisunclear.(研究表明，海馬體中的神經(jīng)元扮演著“時(shí)間細(xì)胞”的角色，有助于我們對(duì)事件的感知和記憶，但目前還不清楚為什么有些人一直低估時(shí)間)”可知，下文解釋了海馬體的作用。選項(xiàng)F“Aregionofthebrain,calledhippocampus,processessomeaspectsoftime.(大腦中有一個(gè)叫做海馬體的區(qū)域，負(fù)責(zé)處理時(shí)間的某些方面)”提出海馬體這一概念，與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Onefactormaybehowfamiliarwearewithaspace.Forthe2017study,Spiersasked20studentswhohadnewlymovedtoLondontosketchamapoftheircollegedistrictandestimatetraveltimestodifferentdestinations.Thestudents’spaceestimatesexpandediftheyknewanareawell.(其中一個(gè)因素可能是我們對(duì)一個(gè)空間的熟悉程度。在2017年的研究中，斯皮爾斯要求20名剛搬到倫敦的學(xué)生畫(huà)出他們所在大學(xué)區(qū)的地圖，并估計(jì)到不同目的地的旅行時(shí)間。如果學(xué)生們對(duì)一個(gè)地區(qū)非常了解，他們對(duì)空間的估計(jì)就會(huì)擴(kuò)大)”可知，如果學(xué)生對(duì)一個(gè)地區(qū)很了解，那么他們對(duì)空間的估計(jì)也會(huì)擴(kuò)大。選項(xiàng)D“However,theirestimatesoftraveltimecontractedwithfamiliarity.(然而，他們對(duì)旅行時(shí)間的估計(jì)隨著熟悉程度而縮小)”與上文內(nèi)容保持一致，指的是如果學(xué)生對(duì)一個(gè)地區(qū)很了解，那么他就會(huì)對(duì)于自己去某個(gè)目的地的時(shí)間做出不精準(zhǔn)的估算。故選D。【19題詳解】根據(jù)空前內(nèi)容“Ina2022studyinthejournalVirtualReality,researchersaskedparticipantstoestimatethelengthofmoreorlesscrowdedsimulated(模擬的)subwaytrips.Theyfoundthatcrowdedmutesfeltliketheytook10%longerthanlessbusyrides.(在2022年發(fā)表在《虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員要求參與者估計(jì)或多或少擁擠的模擬地鐵旅行的長(zhǎng)度。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁擠的通勤感覺(jué)比不那么繁忙的通勤時(shí)間長(zhǎng)10%)”可知，如果通勤擁擠那么參與者對(duì)于時(shí)間的估計(jì)就會(huì)長(zhǎng)些。選項(xiàng)B“Thatwaslinkedtoitbeinganunpleasantexperience(這與不愉快的經(jīng)歷有關(guān))”解釋了為什么如果通勤擁擠，參與者對(duì)于時(shí)間的估計(jì)就會(huì)長(zhǎng)些。故選B。【20題詳解】根據(jù)空后內(nèi)容“Certaincharacterfeatures,suchasreducedconscientiousness(責(zé)任心),cancausesomepeopletoforgettasksthattheyhadplannedaheadoftime.(某些性格特征，比如缺乏責(zé)任心，會(huì)導(dǎo)致一些人忘記他們提前計(jì)劃好的任務(wù))”可知，下文講述的是性格也會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們遲到。選項(xiàng)A“Personalityalsoplaysaroleinrunninglate.(性格也對(duì)遲到有影響)”與下文保持一致。故選A。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Itisn’teverydaythatthefutureandthepastmeetonnationaltelevision.PeterDavies,a100yearoldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind____21____inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.____22____,whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool,hedecidedto____23____it.Peter____24____atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew____25____asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore____26____tohismunitythaneverbefore.“Thekidsare____27____;theyarelikesponges(海綿)”saidPeter．“I’msureIgetmoreoutofitthanthe____28____do.I’mnotthisoldmanwholivesonhisown.I’mpartofthe____29____,whichisgreat.Plusmystreet____30____isextremelygoodbecauseI’llbegoing____31____inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’andIfeel____32____.”In2023,PeterreceivedaBritishEmpireMedal(BEM)fromKingCharlesIII!Now,____33____beingjustfamouslocally,Peterisanationalcelebrity.Herecently____34____ontelevisionwiththeyoungestrecipientoftheBEM,18yearoldauthorandenvironmentalistDaraMcAnulty.“Heisthe____35____,Iamthepast,”P(pán)etersaidofDara.21.A.meaning B.wisdom C.standard D.courage22.A.Meanwhile B.Nevertheless C.Therefore D.Moreover23.A.prove B.explore C.manage D.attempt24.A.works B.volunteers C.registers D.engages25.A.reputation B.status C.post D.state26.A.connected B.restricted C.equal D.inferior27.A.flexible B.naughty C.patient D.great28.A.heroes B.humans C.children D.adults29.A.society B.population C.munity D.nation30.A.reaction B.effort C.devotion D.credit31.A.anywhere B.nowhere C.somewhere D.elsewhere32.A.grateful B.honored C.ambitious D.surprised33.A.inadditionto B.insteadof C.dueto D.inspiteof34.A.appeared B.performed C.advertised D.shared35.A.prospect B.trend C.present D.future【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.B26.A27.D28.C29.C30.D31.A32.B33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。100歲二戰(zhàn)老兵彼得·戴維斯在妻子去世后，在女兒的建議下去當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)當(dāng)志愿者，與孩子們的接觸讓他重新找到了生活的意義，也因此成為名人?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：彼得·戴維斯是一名來(lái)自英國(guó)麥克爾斯菲爾德的100歲二戰(zhàn)老兵，他的妻子去世后，他一直在努力尋找生活的意義。A.meaning意義；B.wisdom智慧；C.standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；D.courage勇氣。根據(jù)本句“afterhiswifepassedaway”可知，妻子去世，他努力尋找生活的意義。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，當(dāng)他的女兒建議他在當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)提供幫助時(shí)，他決定嘗試一下。A.Meanwhile與此同時(shí)；B.Nevertheless不過(guò)；C.Therefore因此；D.Moreover而且。根據(jù)前文“PeterDavies,a100yearoldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind1inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.”可知，妻子去世，他努力尋找生活的意義。因此，當(dāng)女兒給出建議時(shí)，他決定嘗試。前后為因果關(guān)系。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，當(dāng)他的女兒建議他在當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)提供幫助時(shí)，他決定嘗試一下。A.prove證明；B.explore探索；C.manage管理；D.attempt嘗試。根據(jù)前文“PeterDavies,a100yearoldWorldWarIIveteranfromMacclesfield,Englandstruggledtofind1inhislifeafterhiswifepassedaway.”可知，妻子去世，他努力尋找生活的意義。因此，當(dāng)女兒給出建議時(shí)，他決定嘗試。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：彼得在伯靈頓的迪恩谷小學(xué)做志愿者，他在他輔導(dǎo)的所有孩子中都很受歡迎。A.works工作；B.volunteers志愿者；C.registers登記表；D.engages雇用。根據(jù)前文“whenhisdaughtersuggestedheofferhishelpatthelocalelementaryschool”可知，他的女兒建議他在當(dāng)?shù)匦W(xué)提供幫助，應(yīng)是志愿者。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他把閱讀變成了一種有趣的游戲，而他作為祖父人物的新身份讓他比以往任何時(shí)候都更能感受到自己與社區(qū)的聯(lián)系。A.reputation榮譽(yù)；B.status身份；C.post帖子；D.state狀態(tài)。根據(jù)空后“asagrandfatherlyfigure”可知，這是一種身份。故選B。【26題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他把閱讀變成了一種有趣的游戲，而他作為祖父人物的新身份讓他比以往任何時(shí)候都更能感受到自己與社區(qū)的聯(lián)系。A.connected與……有聯(lián)系的；B.restricted有限的；C.equal平等的；D.inferior低等的。根據(jù)前文“Peter4atDeanValleyPrimarySchool,Bollington,andheisahugehitwithallofthechildrenhetutors.”可知，他是志愿者，是與社區(qū)有聯(lián)系的。故選A。【27題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：“孩子們很棒；它們就像海綿?！北说谜f(shuō)。A.flexible靈活的；B.naughty淘氣的；C.patient有耐心的；D.great很棒的。根據(jù)下文“theyarelikesponges”可知，他在夸贊孩子們很棒。故選D。【28題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我確信我從中得到的比孩子們更多。A.heroes英雄；B.humans人類(lèi)；C.children孩子們；D.adults成年人。根據(jù)前文““Thekidsare7;theyarelikesponges(海綿).””可知，他教的是孩子，所以認(rèn)為從這件事中，和孩子們相比，他更受益。故選C。【29題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我是社區(qū)的一員，這很好。A.society社會(huì)；B.population人口；C.munity社區(qū)；D.nation國(guó)家。根據(jù)前文“Hemakesreadingintoafungame,andhisnew5asagrandfatherlyfiguremakeshimfeelmore6tohismunitythaneverbefore.”可知，他因做志愿者和社區(qū)取得了聯(lián)系，應(yīng)是社區(qū)的一員。故選C。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，我的街頭信用非常好，因?yàn)槲以诖謇镒叩饺魏蔚胤?，都?huì)有孩子喊我“你好，戴維斯先生”，我感到很榮幸。A.reaction反應(yīng)；B.effort努力；C.devotion奉獻(xiàn)；D.credit信用。根據(jù)本句“becauseI’llbegoing11inthevillageandachildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’”可知，孩子們很喜歡他，跟他打招呼，說(shuō)明他信譽(yù)很好。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，我的街頭信用非常好，因?yàn)槲以诖謇镒叩饺魏蔚胤?，都?huì)有孩子喊我“你好，戴維斯先生”，我感到很榮幸。”A.anywhere任何地方；B.nowhere沒(méi)有地方；C.somewhere某個(gè)地方；D.elsewhere別處。根據(jù)本句“achildwillshoutout‘HelloMr.Davies,’”可知，無(wú)論去任何地方，都有孩子打招呼。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，我的街