高考英語復(fù)習(xí)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換講義

詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(構(gòu)詞法)英語構(gòu)詞法主要有三種：合成、轉(zhuǎn)化和派生。合成是指將兩個(gè)意思不同的單詞結(jié)合成一個(gè)新詞；轉(zhuǎn)化是指一個(gè)單詞的詞形不變而由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性；派生是指通過給一個(gè)單詞加前綴或后綴變成另一個(gè)詞。前綴一般改變?cè)~義而不改變?cè)~性，后綴一般改變?cè)~性而不改變?cè)~義。形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為副詞類別例詞直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地quickquickly快速地quiet-quietly安靜地realreally真正地helpfulhelpfully有用地carefulcarefully仔細(xì)地great→greatly很，大大地hopeful-hopefully有希望地slow-slowly慢地以輔音字母＋y結(jié)尾的形容詞，變y為i再加-lyhappy→happily高興地busy→busily忙碌地angry→angrily憤怒地Lucky→luckily幸運(yùn)地heavy→heavily沉重地easy-easily容易地詞尾為ble/le的形容詞，去掉e，再加-yterrible→terribly可怕地；極度地simple--simply簡(jiǎn)單地possiblepossibly可能地gentle→gently輕輕地詞尾e結(jié)尾的形容詞，直接加加"ly"。politepolitely禮貌地widewidely廣泛地wisewisely明智地entireentirely完全地completecompletely完全地詞尾為ue的形容詞，去掉e再加-lytrue→truly真實(shí)地詞尾為ll的形容詞，直接加-yfull→fully充分地；完全地shrill→shrilly尖聲地；耀眼地dull→dully遲鈍地詞尾為-ic的形容詞，加-allyenthusiastic→enthusiastically滿腔熱情地basic→basically主要地，基本上genetic→genetically從遺傳學(xué)角度energetic→energetically精力充沛地historic→historically從歷史觀點(diǎn)上說automatic→automatically自動(dòng)地scientific→scientifically合乎科學(xué)地alphabetic→alphabetically

照字母順序排列地注意：friendly;motherly;lovely是形容詞。動(dòng)詞、形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞1．動(dòng)詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ion/-tion/-sion/-ationcorrect→correction改正connect→connection聯(lián)系attract→attraction吸引celebrate→celebration慶祝；慶祝會(huì)conduct→conduction傳導(dǎo)conclude→conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discuss→discussion討論；辯論decide→decision決定admit→admission接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望compete

→competition比賽,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；repeat→repetition重復(fù)graduate→graduation畢業(yè)collide→collision碰撞（或相撞）事故tense→tension緊張pronounce→pronunciation發(fā)音describe→description描寫-er/-orrun→runner跑步者/信使drive→driver司機(jī)；駕駛員gather→gatherer收集者；采集者teach→teacher老師begin→beginner初學(xué)者/新手,labour→labourer勞動(dòng)者swim→swimmer游泳者travel→traveller旅游者learn→learner學(xué)習(xí)者/初學(xué)者announce→announcer廣播員love→lover愛好者work→worker工人research→researcher研究員print→printer印刷工garden→gardener園藝工own→owner主人observe→observer觀測(cè)者/觀察員direct→director主任collect→collector收藏家instruct→instructor教員/指導(dǎo)者conduct→conductor指揮；售票員-mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement功績(jī)；成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)adjust→adjustment調(diào)整treat→treatment對(duì)待；治療equip→equipment裝備；設(shè)備govern→government政府develop→development發(fā)展move→movement動(dòng)作agree→agreement同意manage→management管理advertise→advertisement廣告establish→establishment確立state→statement聲明-ance/-enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)conduct→conductance電導(dǎo)perform→performance表演；節(jié)目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛refer→reference參考；查閱depend→dependence依靠，依賴-alapprove

→

approval贊成survive→

survival幸存

refuse

→refusal拒絕arrive

→arrival到達(dá)

propose

→

proposal提議，建議-ure/-turefail→failure失??；倒閉press→pressure壓力expose→exposure面臨，暴露depart→departure離開；出發(fā)mix→mixture混合；混合物-yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)；痊愈discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)deliver-delivery遞送

flatter-flattery諂媚

treat-treaty條約-inghear→hearing聽力；聽覺begin→beginning開始其他choose→choice選擇vary→variety多樣化；種類tend→tendency趨向；趨勢(shì)grow→growth生長(zhǎng)marry→marriage婚姻carry→carriage客車廂，運(yùn)輸pack→package包合post→postage郵資、郵費(fèi)store→storage貯存2．形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞-ageshort→shortage不足；短缺-cyurgent-urgency緊急efficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流暢accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private→privacy隱私；私密-domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧-enceconfident→confidence自信silent→silence沉默different→difference差異

independent→independence獨(dú)立

excellent→excellence優(yōu)秀

persistent→persistence堅(jiān)持-nessdark→darkness黑暗weak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意happy→happiness開心sad→sadness寬心useful→usefulness有用性tired→tiredness疲倦wet→wetness濕度ill→illness疾病-thstrong→strength力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)long→length長(zhǎng)度broad→breadth寬（廣）度deep→-depth深度wide→width寬度warm→warmth溫暖；熱情-y/-ty/-ityhonest→honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)difficult→difficulty困難cruel→cruelty殘酷；殘暴safe→safety安全disable→disability無能；傷殘responsible→responsibility責(zé)任stupid→stupidity愚蠢real→reality現(xiàn)實(shí)superior→superiority卓越punctual→punctuality準(zhǔn)時(shí) personal→personality個(gè)性，名人national→nationality國(guó)籍creative→creativity創(chuàng)造力，創(chuàng)造性productive→productivity生產(chǎn)力selective→selectivity選擇性equal→equality平等popular→popularity普及active→activity活動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為形容詞后綴例詞-ableaccept→acceptable可接受的adjust→adjustable可調(diào)整的comfort→comfortable舒適的suit→suitable合適的fashion→fashionable時(shí)髦的reason→reasonable有道理的-almusic→musical音樂的origin→original最初的spirit→spiritual精神的person→personal個(gè)人的；私人的fundament→fundamental基本的centre→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的-fuldoubt→doubtful懷疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的wonder→wonderful絕妙的pain→painful疼痛的success→successful成功的peace→peaceful和平的-edscare→scared感到恐懼的confuse→confused感到困惑的underline→underlined下劃線的-ingsurprise→surprising令人驚異的please→pleasing令人高興的bore→boring令人厭煩的convince→convincing令人信服的interest→interesting有趣的的satisfy→satisfying令人滿意的-ibleaccess→accessible容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的sense→sensible明智的terror→terrible可怕的-iveact→active積極的；活躍的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive給人深刻印象的-ouscontinue→continuous不斷的；持續(xù)的anxiety→anxious憂慮的caution→cautious小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的-ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的mess→messy凌亂的mist→misty多霧的wealth→wea