動物在漢英文化中的喻義及其翻譯

動物在漢英文化中的喻義及其翻譯(１)

1.Introduｃｔioｎ?1.1Cloｓereｌationｓhｉpbｅtｗeeｎanimalsaｎｄｈｕmａｎbｅinｇs?Hｕmanbeingsａnｄanimalsarebｏｔhtheｐroｄｕctsoｆnatｕraleｖoｌutioｎ,aｎdfａctuaｌlymaｎhａdevｏｌｖeｄfrｏmaniｍaｌｓ.Buｔsincｅhumanbeinｇscrｅatｅｄｌanｇuａge,ｔhｅrehaveexisｔｅｄsｏｍｅgreatｄifferｅncesbｅtweenmａnａｎｄａｎimals。Ｌａnｇuａｇｅ,thｅresuｌtofhｕmaｎlabｏｒaｎdsoｃialａctｉvitｉｅs，ｉshumaｎspecｉfiｃ,HYPERLINK”ｈｔtｐ：／／ｗww.sｔuda.ｎet/Eｎgｌｉsh/"whicｈiｓｔheｍaｊorfactｏｒｔhaｔdistiｎguiｓheshｕmanｂｅinｇsfroｍaｎｉｍalｓ．Iｎｔｈelongprｏgressofhumansocｉｅty,aｎiｍals,whiｃｈｐrｏｖidｅfoodandｌabｏrforｃｅfｏrhumａｎ,havebeencloｓｅｌybounduｐwithhｕmanexistenceanddｅvｅｌopｍeｎt。Tｈeｉrｆｕrsｗｅrealｓogooｄdresｓmateｒiａlsforanｃienｔhumanｔｏｋｅeｐoｕtｗiｎｄaｎdcｏld.Inacertaiｎsｔａｇeｏfpriｍitiｖｅsｏciｅty，maｎoncecｏｎsidｅreｄaｎimaｌsasGoｄｓtｏworship。Ｓｏfａraniｍaｌｓａｒeｓtiｌlｃlｏｓefrieｎdsｏfhumａnbｅings。Nowthatanｉmalｓplayanimｐortanｔroleｉnhumaｎliｖｅs，ｔｈｅaniｍalwｏrｄｓｉnhumａnlａｎguaｇeswｉllbｅartheｄｅｅｐｓｏｃio－cuｌtｕｒalｉmprinｔsｉnｔhecoｕrseofbｅｉnｇusｅｄloｎgbytheｈuｍanｂeinｇs．?1。2IｎflｕeｎｃeｏfａｎimalwoｒｄsｉnbothChineｓeandＥnｇlｉshｃulｔurｅ?

Lａｎｇｕagｅｉsthecarriｅraｎdcoｎtainerｏfｃｕlｔurａlｉｎforｍatiｏｎ．Huｍanbｅinｇsｈavebeｅｎinｔｅractｉngｗitｈｔheworldaｎdaｃcｕｍｕｌaｔeｄtheiｒexperiｅnｃｅaｎdknowledgeａｂoｕttｈｅwｏｒlｄ，wｈicharerepreseｎtｅdｉnｌangｕaｇe．Ａｓａrｅsulｔ，ｗecaｎfindｉnｌａnguaｇｅallhumankｎowlｅdｇeanｄexperieｎｃewｈｉchａrｅｉnterprｅtedaｓculturaｌｉnformａt(yī)ｉon．［1］Ｓｏｉｎhｕmanlaｎgｕａgｅthereexisｔaplｅntyofａniｍalｗorｄstｈatarｅofｔenusedaskｉnｄsofasｓociaｔｉonveｈiclｅs.Ｈumanbeｉngｓofｔeｎａsｓoｃiateｔheirfeelingｓaｎdemｏtionｓwitｈvａrｉousａnimａlｓaｃｃｏｒdingtoａnimals’featｕrｅｓsuｃhasｔheiraｐpｅarances，habitsaｎdchａrａctｅｒisｔicsｓothａt(yī)ｔｈenａmｅｓｏｒimａgｅsoｆanｉｍａlspossesｓｓpeciｆicｃulｔuralconnｏｔａt(yī)ioｎs．?

Cultureiｓｔhｅｓｏiloflanguaｇe．ＳirEdwａrｄTylｏr,aBrｉtisｈanthropologisｔ,wasoｎｅoｆthｏsewhofirstdefｉnｅdcuｌtuｒe,inPｒimiｔiｖeCulture（1８7１）．Ｈisdeｆiｎitｉｏnwasthat“Cultuｒｅiｓcｏmｐlexｗｈolｅ，wｈｉchinｃｌｕdeｓｋｎｏwleｄgｅ，ｂelief，art，ｌaw,moｒals,ｃustｏｍsandanyoｔheｒcａpａbiｌiｔｉｅsandhabitｓacｑuｉredｂymａｎａsaｍｅｍbeｒofｓoｃiety."Tylor’sdｅfｉniｔiｏnｈａｓcontｉnｕaｌlybeenthｅbasiｓofmosｔａntｈrｏpologicａlcｏｎceptｉｏｎofcｕlturｅ。[2］Cultｕreiｓalｓoａhistorｉcａlphenoｍenoｎ．Ｅａｃhｇeｎeratiｏnｉnheritsｔｈｅｃultuｒeesｔａblｉsｈｅdbyｉtsｆｏｒefatｈersandmakesｉｔｓowncoｎtributiｏnstｏtｈedevelopmeｎtoｆculturｅ；sodifｆｅrｅntnａt(yī)ionsｈaveｄiｆｆeｒｅnｔcｕlｔureｓ。UniｖerｓalｉtybeｔweeｎChineseａndEnｇlisｈculｔurｅsandsｉｍｉlaritｙinthetｈｉnｋingmodeｓｍakepｅoｐlｅａsｓociａt(yī)ethesameａnｉmａｌwoｒdｓwｉｔhtｈｅsaｍeｏrsimｉlａｒfｉｇuｒａt(yī)iveｍeaｎiｎｇs。Butdiｆfereｎcesbetｗeeｎthesetwoculｔuｒesａlwayｓleaｄｔoｄifferentasｓｏciatiｏn，i。ｅ．ChinｅseanｄＥｎｇlisｈｐeopｌehavｅdｉffeｒｅntfigurａt(yī)iveｍeaｎiｎｇstosameanimａlwoｒdsｏｒuｓedifｆｅｒentanｉmaｌasｓoｃiationｖｅhiclｅsｔoｅｘpｒｅsssａｍeｏrsimilarfiｇuｒatｉvemeaniｎｇs。?

ＥｎｇlishandＣhinｅｓeａreｒiｃhinanimａlworｄsasaｓsoｃiaｔionｖeｈｉｃles,ｓointhiｓpapertheauｔhoｒmainｌｙcｏmpａresfiｇuｒativeｍeａｎiｎｇsｏfanｉmａｌｗｏｒdsinＥngliｓｈandＣｈiｎesecｕｌtuｒeaｎｄiｎｄｉcａt(yī)estranslａt(yī)ioｎｔechniqｕｅs。

２．Aｎｉｍalｗｏｒdｓasaｓsociationvｅhiclｅs?

IｔiｓwｅllkｎｏwntｈatｔherearemａnyｆiguｒatiｖeexpｒeｓsioｎsｉnEnglishaｎdChiｎeｓe，esｐecialｌｙａnimａlmｅtaphors。ＨＹPERLIＮＫ"httｐ：／/www．ｓtuｄａ。nｅt/Engliｓh／”Hｏwever，bｅｃauｓeoｆdｉｆfeｒentｈisｔorieｓ，sociａlbackｇｒounｄｓandcultureｓ,theｃonnotationsofａｎimalｗoｒｄsaｒediｆfeｒｅｎt。IfChinesepeｏpｌｅａndEnｇｌiｓｈｐeoplｅｗａnttousethefigｕraｔiveｗaytｏeｘpressthｅsamｅtｅnor,thｅｙｗoｕｌｄuｓeｔhesameordｉffｅrentassocｉatiｏｎvehiclｅｓ，soｔｈｅcorreｓpondｉｎgｒelａｔionshipsbetweeｎaｓsocｉatioｎvehicleｓandfｉgｕrａｔｉveｍｅａningsarealsｏｄｉfｆeｒenｔ.?２．1Ｓａmeaｎｉmalasｓｏciａt(yī)ｉonvehｉclesaｎdｓiｍiｌａrfｉgｕｒａt(yī)ivemｅanings?

Aｓallhｕｍａｎbeｉngslｉveintｈesimｉｌarｅｎvirｏｎmeｎt,theChiｎesepeopｌeandEnglishpeoｐlenearlｙhavetｈesａｍekｎoｗledgｅoｆanｉｍalｓ。Therefｏｒe，theyhavethesａｍeorsｉmilａrfigｕratｉｖemeａｎｉｎｇｓtoａnimalwoｒds。Fｏrｅxample,Ｅｎglishｐｅoｐｌewoulｄsaｙ,“Ｈeiｓａfoｘ．”Simｉlarlｙ,Chinｅsepeoｐｌｅcanunderｓtaｎdｔheｍｅａｎingoｆthesenｔenｃe“Heisafox?！眎nChｉnese“他是一只狐貍。”ＴhiseｘaｍpｌesｈowsthatinＥngｌiｓh“ｆoｘ”cａnbeusedtoｄｅscｒｉbｅsomｅbodｙwhoｉscｕnnｉngａnｄdisｈｏｎｅｓt.Ｔｈｉsｅｘaｍpｌeiｎｄiｃatｅsthａt(yī)diffeｒentlanｇuagesanｄｃultuｒesenｄow“fｏx’'thesaｍｅｆｉｇuｒａｔｉvemｅａninｇs。

ＴheｆolloｗingａnimalｗorｄsｈavetｈｅｓｉｍilarfｉｇurativemeanｉngｓbothinEｎgｌishandCｈｉｎesｅ．“Shｅｅp(羊)orlamb（羔羊）”caｎbｅconsideredａsａkindofanimａlwithaｓwｅetandtaｍetemper．Asarｅｓｕlt，the“ｓheep（羊)ｏrｌａmｂ(羔羊)”iｓusedｔｏsｈoｗtheｃhａraｃｔerｗｉthａsweeｔandｔａｍetempｅrｂｏｔhiｎＥnｇlｉsｈandＣhineｓe，fｏrｅxample：“asｌovelyａｓａlittlesheｅp（像小羊羔一樣可愛)"．?

Ｗolｆ(狼）ｉsaｋiｎｄｏfgrｅedy，sａvageａndcruｅｌｂeast,soinChinｅsｅthereexisｔsｕcheｘpｒessｉｏｎｓ:“狼心狗肺”，“豺狼當?shù)馈?，“如狼似虎?“狼吞虎咽”,“狼狽為奸”,“狼子野心”。Ｓimｉlａｒｌy，theｇｒeedｙ，ｓiniｓteｒ,ｄisｈoｎeｓtcharａｃｔerofｗolfaｌsｏｄisｐｌayｓvｉvｉdlyaｎdinｃiｓiｖｅlｙinweｓteｒnｃuｌｔuｒｅ,e。ｇ。:“aｗｏlfiｎasｈｅｅp’ｓｃlｏｔhiｎgｏrawoｌfｉｎlamb’ｓｓkin（披著羊皮的狼)”；“wakeaslｅｅpｉngwｏlf（自找麻煩）”;“hoｌdawolfｂytheeａrs（騎虎難下,進退兩難）"；“keepthewｏｌｆfromtheｄoor(勉強度日）”.［3］

Inaｄdiｔion,HYPERＬIＮＫ"hｔtp://www.sｔ／Engliｓh/”ｗｈen“wｏlf”isuseｄtｏｒefeｒtｏapｅrson，ｉtmeａｎs“ａmanｗhocharmｓｗomeｎsoａstousｅｔhemforhiｓｏｗnplｅasure’’.Ｔherefｏre,ｉｎEnｇlisｈｔhｅｒｅisaｎidｉom“aｗolｆwhisｔle(挑逗口哨)”。InＣｈiｎｅｓe，theｒeisaｌsosucｈaｎexpｒeｓsion“色狼”。?

“Ass（驢）”iｎＥnｇlｉｓhaｎdＣｈinｅseｈａsｔheｓａmｅcｏnnotaｔionandｆigｕrａｔivｅmeaｎｉng“foolish，stupid”．InＣhｉnesｅtheｅxprｅsｓion“笨驢"isｕsedｔoiｎdicateafooｌｏrａnｉｄiｏt。ＩnＥｎｇliｓｈ,ｍｏsｔoftｈｅsetpｈrａｓes,idioｍsaｎdproｖeｒbsincludingｔhｅword“asｓ''ａllｉmpｌythemeanｉｎgｏf“foolish”，e．g.“ａｓｓingｒaiｎ（十足的大傻瓜)”;“ａｎaｓsinaｌiｏn’ｓｓkin（ｆromAesｏｐ'sＦableｓ,冒充聰明人的傻瓜）"；“alｌaｓｓeswagthｅiｒeaｒs(諺語:驢子搖耳朵，傻瓜裝聰明）”;“aｓｓｅs’ｂrｉdｇe（笨人難過的橋)”；“aｃｔｔheａsｓ（做糊涂事)”；“makｅaｎａssofoｎｅｓｅｌf(做蠢事)";“seｌlyoｕass(口語：不要這樣呆頭呆腦）”.[4］?Theworｄ“dovｅ”inＣhiｎesｅａndＥnｇliｓhshａrｅstｈesａmｅmeanｉｎg，anｄｓymｂolizesforpeacｅ．Wｅregａrdthｅdoveａs“ｐeaｃedoｖe”。Insomegrandcｅlebｒatiｏnｓ,ｗｅｏｆtenｓeethesceneoftakingthedovesaway，sｔａndiｎｇfｏrchｅrishｅｄdesirefｏrpeａceｗｏrｌｄofallｏfuｓ．[5］?Tｈｅfolｌowingaresoｍeotｈｅｒfａmiｌiａｒｅｘampleｓ：aｓｆreeａsabird（像鳥兒一樣自由)；asｕｇｌyasａt(yī)ｏad(像癩蛤蟆一樣丑);asbusyａsａbｅe（像蜜蜂一樣忙碌）；aｓslowasaｎail（像蝸牛一樣慢）．

Thｉｓkiｎｄｏftermswitｈsameorsｉmiｌarｆｉｇuratｉｖｅｍｅaninｇsshoｗtｈaｔiｎｄifｆerｅntｃｕｌtuｒｅｓtｈｅredoeｓeｘistsomeｔｈingincoｍmoｎ,wｈichrｅｆｌeｃtstｈecｏmmonneｓｓｏfｄifｆeｒentｎatiｏnaｌcultuｒes．

２。２Saｍeanimalａsｓoｃiationveｈｉclesaｎdｄiffｅreｎtfiguratｉvemeａniｎｇs?Dｉfｆereｎtｌivinｇｃｏnｄｉｔionshａvｅcａｕｓｅdvarieｄstatesofｍiｎdａｎdwaysofｔhinkinｇ，ｓｏＣhiｎｅseaｎdEnglｉshpeｏpleｈavｅdifｆerentｉdｅａsandａｔtｉtudestosomｅanimaｌｓsｕｃhasdrａgon，dｏgs，ｅtc.Aｎｄｔheirfiguｒativｅmeanｉngｓinｂｏthlａnguageｓanｄｃulturesdiffｅrｇreａｔly。?2．２．1Someanimａlwｏrdｓwｉｔhcoｍmeｎｄatoryｆｉgｕrａt(yī)ivemｅaｎinginChineｓｅ,bｕtwitｈdeｒogatｏｒｙｆigurａｔivemｅaniｎgｉｎEnglｉsh?Wemustbeveｒyｆamｉliａｒｗitｈthｅｗｏｒd“dragon（龍）”，ｗhichｉｓcomｐｌｅtｅlyｏｐpositeiｎChｉneseanｄＥngｌiｓh.“Draｇon(龍）”isｎotａrealanimalｂutａnimaｇｉnａｒyｏne.ＩnＣhinａ，draｇonisthｅsyｍbolofthｅＣhｉnesenaｔion,especiaｌlyｉntheaｎｃｉeｎttime，ｐeoｐｌeworshiｐeddragontｏbegfｏrraｉn.ＡndtheChinesｅfeuｄalｅｍperｏrswerｅoｆteｎｒeferｒｅdtｏaｓｓｏnｓofdrａｇｏns(龍子）,ｗeariｎgｃｌotheswithｄｅsignsofｄｒａgons(龍袍）．ＡｎｄalｓoｔｈeChinesｅalｌcallthemｓelveｓdesｃenｄentsoｆtｈｅdraｇoｎ(龍的傳人）ａnｄａreｖeryprｏudofbeingtheｄｅscｅnｄentsｏfthedｒagon。Ｈoｗｅvｅｒ，ｉnＷｅｓtｅrｎｐeｏplｅ’smｉnｄｓ，ｔhｅdｒａgoniｓsoｍeｅvilmoｎsｔｅrwithalargetａilｗｉtｈwingｓａndclaｗｓ，ｂreａｔｈingｏutｆireaｎdsmｏke．Itsymbｏｌｉzｅsｅvil.?“Moｎkey（猴子）"ｈasｄｉｆｆeｒentfiguratｉveｍeaｎiｎgiｎＣhinｅseａndＥｎglｉshlａngｕａges。ＩnCｈineｓｅ,“moｎkeｙ”isoftｅnlikenedtoaｓmａrｔandaｇiｌｅpersoｎ，withcoｍｍendａt(yī)ｏｒysｅnse．TheＣhiｎesｅｐeoｐleｏｆｔeｎjｏkiｎｇlycallcｌｅvｅrandcｕｔechilｄreｎ“l(fā)ｉｔｔｌeｍoｎｋｅy”。Ｂｕt，ｉfｙouprａisｅａwｅsｔｅrｎcｈild“Youarｅlｉｋealｉttｌｅｍonkey．",ｈｅｗｉｌlbeaｎｇrｙ,ｔｈiｎｋiｎｇthatyｏｕcurｓehｉm．BｅcauｓeiｎEｎgliｓｈ，“l(fā)ｉttlｅｍonkey,”meａｎs“atroubleｓoｍeplaｙｆulchild”．And“ｍonkｅｙ"isoftｅnlikｅｎeｄtoaｐersonwｉtｈawholeｂagｏfｔriｃkｓ，e.g．“Themanisaｓtriｃｋyaｓamoｎｋｅy。（那人詭計多端，極為狡猾。）”Theｒefoｒe，inＥngｌish，eｘｐｒesｓionsｗｉtｈ“ｍｏnｋeｙ”hａvｅdｅｒｏgａt(yī)orymeaｎinｇs，e。ｇ?！癿oｎkeybｕsｉｎeｓs（搗鬼，騙人的勾當)”；“mｏnkeｙａｒouｎｄ（閑蕩,瞎弄）”;“ｍｏnｋｅｙｍeａt(yī)（美俚：劣等牛肉)”；“ｓucktｈemonkeｙ(英俚：酗酒）”．［6］?Leｔ’stakｅaｌoｏｋａt(yī)ｔhｅwｏrd“petrel(海燕）”。InＥｎgｌｉshtｈｅpetｒeliscｏnsｉdeｒedasanｏmenｏｆdisaｓｔeｒ．ＴhｅＬoｎgmaｎＤｉｃtionａryofEnglish－Cｈｉneseofｆersustｈeexpｌanatｉonｓ:“Ａstoｒmypｅtrelisaperｓｏnwhosepｒeseｎceｅxｃｉｔeｓdｉscｏｎtentｍeｎt,quａｒrｅlling，ｅtｃ．iｎaｓoｃialｇroｕｐ。”Theｒｅasonfｏrｓｕｃhadiｓlikｅiｓthattｈeytｈｉnｋｐetreｌistｈｅsｙmbｏｌfordｉsａster。However，iｎＣｈｉnathｅｗorｄ“ｐetrel”isassociａｔｅdwｉｔhｂrａvｉngharｄshｉpａｎdadvｅｒｓitｙ，ａdvanciｎgwithpｅrｓeveraｎcｅanｄｃｏuragｅ．ＴhｅspiriｔiｓwｅllrefｌｅctedｉｎthepｏeｍpetｒelwrittenｂyGorky，ａfamousRussｉaｎwriｔｅr．?ToEｎgliｓｈｐｅople,ifaｍagｐie(喜鵲）flｉｅｓneａraｗｉndｏｗ，itｉsasymｂolofbadlucｋ。Therｅaｒeｔwoexplaｎａt(yī)ｉoｎsinＴhｅＯxfoｒｄAｄvａｎcｅｄLearｎｅr’sEnｇlｉsh－ChｉneseDiｃｔiｏｎary：(a）personwhocollectsｏrhoａrdsthｉngｓ（愛收藏或貯藏東西的人)，（b）pｅrsonwhochａt(yī)tersalｏt（愛饒舌的人）．Ａｌｌtheseexplａｎationsareｆigurａt(yī)ｉvewithdｅrｏgａt(yī)ｏryｍeaninｇs。Onｔｈｅcoｎｔrａry,amaｇpieisasymboｌｏｆｇoodｌuckinChina．Ifamagｐieｓinｇｓinatreｅneaｒｈｏuses，ｐeｏｐleｗouldtｈiｎｋsomeｈaｐpｙthingｓwouｌdｈａｐpｅn。ＳoChiｎｅｓepeopleｏｆtｅnsａy,“Mａｇpｉesings,haｐｐythｉngcomes．”

Whaｔ'ｓaｂｏuttheaniｍaｌword“fｉsh”？“fish”ａnd“魚”ｈａsqｕitｅdｉｆｆｅrentｃｕｌtuｒalfigｕｒａt(yī)ｉveｍeanｉngｓiｎEｎglishａｎｄCｈinesｅ。IｎEngliｓh“fish”ｈａsｄｅrogatｏｒymeａｎiｎgthatrefeｒｓtｏbaｄｔhｉｎgｓａndｐerｓonｓ，e。ｇ.：“aｐｏorfｉsｈ(可憐蟲）”；“alｏosｅfiｓh(生活放蕩的女人）”；“ｆiｓhinｔｈeair(水中撈月）”。IｎChｉnｅsｅｔheｌｅｔｔer“魚"ａnｄ“余”aｒｅhoｍophonｅｓ。Theｒｅfoｒe,iｎtｈeiｍporｔantｆｅｓtｉｖalsｓｕcｈaｓSprｉngFeｓtivａl，Chｉnesｅｐｅｏpｌｅwouldlikｅｔｏusｅ“fiｓｈ”aｓａnｉndｉsｐeｎsａｂｌeｄｉｓhtosymbｏliｚe“aｂundａncｅ”。［7]?InChｉｎａ,“eｌephaｎt（象）”ｉｓamascoｔ.ManyｐlaceｓinCｈinadｆorｔheletter“象”ｓｕchａｓ“象山”inＺhｅjiangpｒovｉｎcｅ,“象州”，“象鼻山”inGuaｎgxiprovincｅ,“象河”inTibet,etc?！埃牛欤錺hant"aｌsosｙmｂolｉzｅsstａｔｕｓ。Forexaｍｐｌｅ，inｒｅｍｏteaｎtiqｕitｙ，thenｏbleｌａdieｓｗoreｃｌｏtｈeswｉtｈｄｅｓｉgnsｏfｅｌephantｓ（象服）；Theｅmpeｒoｒsrodｅｏneleｐhanｔs.The“elepｈant"iｓdｏtedbyChineｓｅｐｅｏｐｌｅbecausｅofｔhｅBｕdｄhｉstlegenｄｓ．ItiｓsaidthatthｅＢuｄｄhiｓtpaｔｒiaｒｃhwastheｒｅinｃarnaｔｉonofwhｉtｅｅｌeｐｈａｎt。Ｏntｈｅconｔrary，iｎＥnglishwhｉteelｅphanｔ(白象）ｉsｌiｋeneｄtｏｔhinｇsｔhａt(yī)areuｓｅｌessanｄofｔeｎexpｅｎｓiｖe.Theａｌｌｕsｉｏniｓoriginａt(yī)edｆｒoｍaｆoｌkstｏryｔhａt(yī)iｎSiaｍ（nowTｈailａnd）,ｔheｋｉｎgwｏｕldgiveawｈｉｔｅｅlephantasａpｒｅｓｅntｔoasubjecｔthathedidnoｔliｋe。Ｔhesuｂjectｗｏuldhavetospendａlｌｈismonｅyoｎlookｉngafｔeｒtｈerarｅａｎimａｌ。Thereｆoｒe，thereexｉstsuchｅxpｒeｓｓｉonｓinＥnglｉsh，“eleｐhａntine(笨拙）”，“elｅpｈanｔhｕmoｒ(蹩腳的幽默）”，“ｅｌｅｐhaｎｔtask(累贅的活兒)”。［８]

２.2。２SoｍeanimaｌwｏｒdｓwithcommｅｎdatoｒｙfｉｇuraｔｉvｅmｅaｎｉnginＥnｇｌish，buｔｗｉthｄerｏｇatoｒyfｉgｕrａt(yī)ivemeaｎinginＣhinｅｓｅ?Leｔ’ｓtａkeourfaｍiliａｒaｎimａlwoｒd“dｏg”fｏrexａmplｅ．Thedogiｓveｒｙinteｒｅsｔｉｎｇandｃlｏselyrｅlatｅｄwitｈpeｏple．Mｏｓｔoｆｔhe“dog”ｅxｐrｅssionspoｓsessacoｍmｅndａt(yī)orysenｓeｏｒatleａstａｎｅｕｔersｅｎseｉｎＥｎglｉsh。Ｉtｉsallｒｉghttorefertocｅｒｔaｉnpeopleaｓ“bｉgdｏｇ(重要人物)”，“ｔｏpdｏｇ（優(yōu)勝者）”，“l(fā)uｃkｙdｏｇ(幸運兒）",ｅtｃ。inＥnｇliｓh?！埃詏helpalaｍedｏｇoｖeｒthｅstile”means“tｏheｌpsomｅｏnｅinｄｉfficuｌty”.“Tｏletｓleｅpｉｎｇdｏｇslｉe”meaｎs“tｏmakｅnotｒoｕble”ｏｒ“ｎotｔｏdｉsｔuｒbpeopｌe”．“Ｅvｅrydｏgｈａｓitsｄａy,”ｍeans“ｅｖeｒyｐersonｗillｓoｍｅdayｓｕcｃeedorbecomefortunａt(yī)e.”Suｃhusageｄｏｅsnotcontainderｏｇatoｒｙmｅanｉｎg．ＢutfigureｓofsｐｅechliｋeｔheｓeａrenotｐroｐerinCｈineseasｔhewoｒd“狗”ｉｎmostChｉｎesephｒaｓｅｓiｓａssｏｃiatedwitｈsoｍederｏgatｏrymeａｎｉngs，asisｒeｆlｅｃtediｎsayingslike“狗膽包天、狗急跳墻、狗頭軍師、狗腿子、狗血噴頭、狼心狗肺、狗眼看人低、喪家之犬、狗嘴吐不出象牙”，etc.,evｅntｈoｕghmostChｉnｅｓenoｗthiｎkｔheｄｏgｉsｍａn’sfaithfｕlfｒienｄ.［9］

Howevｅr，iｎsomecasestｈewｏrd“doｇ"maｙｈavederoｇａt(yī)oｒｙsenseｉnEnｇlish，asisshｏｗｎｉntheｆolｌｏwｉngｅxａmpｌes：“yeｌlowdog（卑鄙之人)”，“dirtｙdog（齷齪之人)"，“slydoｇ（陰險之人)”，“ｄｅａｄdog（無用的人）”,andｓomeｖｕlｇarｌanguaｇeｓ:“sonofｂitch（狗雜種）”，“youdog(狗東西）”，“thａｔcｕr（小雜種狗）”，ｅtc．［1０]?“Ｏwｌ（貓頭鷹）”iｓverｙpoｐｕlａrwitｈtheweｓtern.ＴｈeＧreekｓusｅ“owl”ｔｏstanｄfｏrAtｈens，whichisfamousfoｒｉtsmaｎｙｏwls．Ａnｄit’ｓsaｉｄtｈaｔAｔhena,ｔｈewomanｐatroｎsaｉntwａsgｉｖｅｎaｎowlsａｓｈermark．Ｉtsymｂｏliｚeswisｄom，ｃalｍｎess，gｒaviｔyandsteadｉness。Ｉndｉｓpｕｔeａmongbirdｓandbｅａt(yī)s，ｉtiｓtheowｌtｈaｔtｈeygotofｏｒadvice，andweｃａnseesuchidｉom“ａsｗiseasanoｗl”.Iｆweｕsｅ“ｏｗlish”tｏdｅscｒｉbeｓomebodｙ,wewantｔoｓａyheiscleｖeｒoｒserioｕs，e．g?！癙aｔｒickpeeｒedowlｉｓｈlyatuｓthｒougｈhｉsgｌａsｓｅs。（帕特里克透過他的眼鏡嚴肅而機智地審視著我們。）”ＢｕtｉnChinｅse,thｅｆiguｒativｅmｅaniｎｇoftｈｅworｄ“ｏｗl"iｓｑuitｅdifferｅnt.“Owl”isｄescriｂｅｄasthedｅvil,iｌｌｏｍenandeｖil.Peoｐｌeａｒｅafrａｉdofｓeｅｉnganoｗｌ,ｅspeciallｙseeingｉｔseｎｔｅｒｉnｇthｅhouse,sｏｔｈｅｒeareprｏverbswhｉｃhgoｌiketｈｅｓe：“夜貓子進宅，無事不來”;“夜貓子抖擻翅，大小有點事兒”。Theｍeresｉｇhtofanoｗlortｈesouｎdｏfｉtｓhooｔingｍightcausepeoｐletｏdrａwbaｃｋinｆeａｒ.［11］?ToCｈinesepeopleandEnglｉshpeopｌe，“bear”ｈasqｕitｅｄｉｆｆeｒentfiguratiｖｅmｅaninｇs。ToChiｎeｓepeople“bear"ｍeanｓ“coｗarｄlyandtiｍｉｄ”oｒ“stｕpid”，sucｈas“笨熊",“瞧那熊樣”,etｃ。Ｈoｗeveｒ，iｎＥngｌish，ｐeｏplｅuse“bear”ｔorefertotｈosｅｐｅrｓoｎshａvingspｅciａlaｂiｌity,ｆｏrｉｎsｔanｃe，“Ｈｅｉsabearａt(yī)music。（他是HYＰERＬINK"htｔｐ:／/www．ｓｔ/Mｕsiｃ/＂音樂天才。）”?Ａｎｏtheｒｅｘaｍpleisanｉnｓｅct——－cｒicket（蟋蟀），wｈｉｃh，ｈoｗｅｖer,ｍeaｎstotallydiffeｒentｔｏｂotｈtｈeＣhiｎｅｓｅａｎdtheEnglish。ＩnChinｅsecuｌtｕre，“cricｋｅt”ｒeferｓtoａｓmａll,bｒoｗｎ，jｕｍpｉｎｇinseｃtwhichｍakesasｈrillsoundｂyrｕbbinｇitｓｆｒontwiｎgｓtogether．Itiｓoｆtenｕsｅdｔoeｘpｒess“griｅf”and“dｅｓolａt(yī)ioｎ",whichiｓreｆlｅctedinｔhefｏｌloｗｉｎｇｅxampｌe“獨申旦而不寐兮,哀蟋蟀之宵征”wrｉttｅｎｂyＳoｎgYuintｈｅｂooｋof《九辯》.ＢutinEnglisｈ,ｓincｅShａkespeａreｕsｅd“aｓmｅrryascrｉckeｔｓ"inHenrｙIV,tｈｅEnｇｌiｓｈandAmericａnpｅｏplehaveused“criｃｋet”ｔosymbolｉｚｅｊoｙaｌltｈetime．Forｅxａmple,C．KingleyoｎceｗrｏtｅinhiｓTｗoYｅａrsＡgｏthat“IｈａvenotｈadａlltｈｅluｃkＩexpeｃｔeｄ，buｔ…amａsmｅｒｒyasａｃｒiｃket．（雖然我沒有得到想要的一切好運,但我卻很高興。）”［12]

2．3Diｆfｅrenｔanｉmalasｓocｉatｉoｎvehicｌｅｓaｎdsｉmilarｆiguratｉvemeaｎｉｎgs?DｉffereｎtanｉmalｗordshavｅsimｉｌarｃｕltｕralｃｏnnｏtatｉｏnsｉnEngliｓｈａndChiｎeseｌａnｇｕaｇｅsandｐｅopｌeusedifferentaｎimａｌwordstoeｘprｅｓｓｓｉｍiｌarmeanings。Evenｔhoｕgｈtｈeanimalａssｏｃｉａt(yī)ionｖｅhicｌesａｒeｄiｆfereｎt，thｅyｈavｅsｉmilarｆigｕrａｔｉvemeaｎiｎｇs。?Ｆｏrｉｎｓtａnｃe，agrｉcultｕrｅisthefoundationｏfＣhina'seｃonomicdeｖｅｌopment,ｓothecatｔle(牛）pｌayagreatｒoleｉnＣｈinｅsｅｃuｌtuｒｅ。Tｈereaｒｅsomanyｅxprｅssioｎｓｗhiｃhuｓｅ“ｃattlｅ"asａｓｓoｃiａt(yī)ionｖehiclｅs，sｕｃhａs“壯實如牛”，“牛氣沖天”，“象老黃牛一樣辛勤工作”，“過著牛馬不如的生活”．Howｅver，iｎtheMｉddｌeAｇｅs，horｓewａsnｏtonlytｈeinsepａraｂlepａｒtoｆKnｉｇhtｓ’lｉveｓ,bｕtalsotheａnimaｌｋepｔanｄｕsedｂythｅimperｉalfamilieｓ。SｏＥngｌishpeｏpｌegｉｖehoｒｓemaｎygｏodｆigurａｔｉvｅｍeａnｉｎgssuchas“aｓｓtｒongaｓahorse”,“ｔｏworkliｋeａhoｒse”，“getonｏnｅ’shighｈorｓe”。Ｓiｍilａrly,Grｅａt(yī)Ｂｒitainisａnislaｎｄcountry，soｆishｅryiｓimpｏrtａnt.Tｈerefoｒe，ｔhereｅxistsｓuchfｉｇｕratｉveexｐrｅssioｎ“ｔodrｉnkｌｉｋｅaｆｉsｈ（牛飲）"。[13］

InＥnglｉｓh,ｔｈerｅａrｅmａnyfiｇuｒatiｖeｅxpｒessｉoｎsusingtheworｄ“horse”asaｓsocｉａt(yī)ionｖehｉｃles,e。g.“changｅhｏｒse(換馬)"isｌikenedto“chanｇeｇrｏｕｐsｏｒleadｅｒs（換班子或領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人)"；“fromthehoｒｓe'sｍouth（第一手的)"；“taｌkｈorse(吹牛）”，etc.?ＴｏＣｈinesepeｏｐlｅ，“ｔiger”iｓreｆｅｒｒeｄtoasthekingofaｎimａｌsanｄsｔandsｆoｒpowｅr，vｉgoｒａnｄbraｖｅrｙ.Sotｈeｒｅaｒeｍａｎyexpresｓiｏnｓｗｉtｈthelｅｔter“虎”:“英雄虎膽",“龍爭虎斗",“藏龍臥虎”，“如虎添翼”，“虎將”，etc.BｕtｉnEｎglｉsh“tiger"ｓyｍboｌizeｓcruelty．Ｔheweｓｔernｒｅgards“l(fā)ioｎ”asｔｈｅkinｇｏｆaｎimａlｓ．Websｔer’ｓＴhirｄNewInｔｅrｎatｉonalＤicｔiｏnａｒyofｔhｅEngliｓｈＬａnguａgeiｎterprｅts“apｅrｓｏnfelttobｅlikeａｌｉｏnｅsｐｅｃiallｙｉnｃｏuragｅ，ferociｔy，dｉgnｉtｙordｏminａｎcｅ(一個象是獅子的人,特別指勇氣、兇猛、威嚴或權(quán)勢方面）".Ｗeuｓe“aｓboｌdasalioｎ”ｔｏｄeｓcribeabravepｅrson.Tｈelioｎenjoyｓhｉｇhｐｒestigｅ。Iｎadditioｎ，ＥnglishpeoplｅreｇａrdlｉoｎasthenationalemblｅmofGｒeａt(yī)Ｂrｉｔａin.“Aliterarylion"isrｅferｒeｄｔoａｆaｍouspersｏnintheｆieｌdofliｔeratuｒe．［14］?“Ｓnａke”ａnd“中山狼”sharethesａｍｅｆiguraｔiveｍeaｎｉｎginEｎｇliｓhａｎｄCｈｉneｓe,whｉcｈaｒebothliｋeｎｅdtoａperｓoｎwhｏｒeｔurnshatefｏｒlove。TｈｅonｌyｄifferenceistｈatChｉneselaｎguageusｅs“中山狼”ａsaｓsｏｃiatｉonvehｉcle，bｕtEnｇｌｉsｈlａｎguａgｅｕｓes“snake”ａｓaｓsocｉａt(yī)ｉonvｅhicle．?Forgeｎeratｉonｔｈeｆａｂｌｅｏf“中山狼"haｓcirculatｅｄaｍｏngｔhepｅoｐｌe．Ｔｈestoｒyｉｓtｈat:ZｈａoJianzisｈotａt(yī)ａwolfｉｎthewood.ＴheｗolfesｃaｐeｄaｎdａｓkｅｄmasｔeｒDonｇguoｆｏrhelp.Mｒ。DoｎgｇｕoｗassoftheａrteｄａndｈidｔhewｏunｄedwoｌｆｉnｈisbagtｏｋeｅpitfｒombｅiｎgcａｕｇｈｔbyZｈaｏJiａnzi．Bｕttｈewｏｌfｗantedtoeａt(yī)him．Soｔhefigｕrativemeaninｇ“恩將仇報”of“中山狼”ｉscｒeａt(yī)eｄ．“Sｎake"isrefeｒredtoapｅrｓonｒequitiｎｇｋｉｎｄnesｓwiｔｈｅnｍiｔy,ｗhiｃｈiｓｏｒiｇｉnaｔｅdｆｒｏmAesoｐ’sFａbles，ｔhatｉｓ,aｓnakewaｓfrｏzｅnstｉfｆatthｅvｅrgeofdｅａt(yī)ｈ。Aｐedestｒｉａnsawitａndwaｒｍeｄitinｈisbosom.Afteraｗhilｅ，tｈeｓｎａｋecameroundanｄbｉｔiｔsｂenｅfaｃｔoｒtｏdｅａt(yī)ｈ。Soitcausesｔhefｉｇuｒａt(yī)ivemeａnｉng．［15］?Ｄｉffｅｒenｔanｉmaｌaｓsociationｖｅhiｃleｓwithsｉmilarfigｕｒatiｖｅmｅａｎiｎgｓｃａｎbeaｌsoseenｆｒｏｍsuchｅｘpｒｅｓsions:“ａsｔimidａsａｒabｂｉt,cｈｉcｋen-heａｒｔｅｄorpｉｇｅon-heａｒtｅｄ（膽小如鼠）”;“l(fā)iｋeacaｔonｈoｔbｒｉckｓ（熱鍋上的螞蟻）”；“ａsｓtubboｒｎasａmule（犟得像頭牛)”;“wetasａdrｏwnｅｄrat（落湯雞）”;“gｏｏsefleｓｈ(雞皮疙瘩)”；etc。

2。４Seｍａｎticｇapｓ?Sｐecifiｃcｕｌtureｓanｄregiｏnaｌdiscｒepaｎｃｉｅsｅxerｔastrｏngiｎflｕｅnceｏnlangｕagｅ。Anｄanimａlwordsaｓassｏciaｔioｎveｈｉｃｌesａｒｅthｅprｏducｔsｕndｅrtｈｅsｐｅｃｉficｃuｌturalbackgroｕnｄs.ＨYPERLＩNK＂http：／/wｗw。ｓｔｕｄa．net/Ｅnglish/＂Tｈentｈeｓｅaｎimａlassociaｔionｖｅｈｉclｅshavｅthｅirrespｅctｉvecultｕrａlcｏnnotａt(yī)ｉｏnｓｗhｉcｈaｒｅkｎｏwｎｔodifferentnatｉｏｎsorwhiｃhareｃoｍpｌetelyｓtraｎｇetoｐeｏplｅ.?2．4。1ＴｈesaｍeaｎimaｌwordｓｗｉthriｃhfiguｒaｔivemｅａnｉｎｇsｉｎＥnglish,butwｉtｈｎｏfiｇuraｔiｖemｅaｎiｎgsｉnChinese?“Ｏstriｃh(鴕鳥）”iｓaｋiｎdoflargebiｒdlｉviｎｇｉnthearｅaofAｆricaｎdeserts，wｉthａloｎgnｅｃｋａndｌｏnglegｓaｎdｔhａｔcannoｔｆｌybutcａnrunｖｅｒｙfａst.ＩｎEｎｇlishandAｍericａnｃｕlｔureｓ，“ostｒich”haｓｓuｃhfiguraｔｉｖｅmｅaｎiｎgs，ｅ.g．“sｔuｐid，evaｄｉｎgａnｄｈavinｇagoｏdappetite”。Ｉtｓfiｇurativemeanｉngwoulｄbｅｗellｒeflecｔedｉｎthｅfoｌlｏwingexｐrｅssiｏｎs：“Oｓｔriｃhbelｉeｆ（鴕鳥信念）”ｉsｒeferｒedｔodeceptｉveidea.“Toburｙone’sheadｏstricｈ－likeｉnｔｈesanｄ”ｉsｌikｅnedｔoaｐersoｎwhoprｅferstoｉgnorｅprｏblemsｒａt(yī)herthａntryａnddeａlwitｈtheｍ。Iｎａdditioｎ，ｔｈereｅxiｓtｓsucｈfigｕｒativeｅxprｅｓsiｏｎ“haｖetｈｅdiｇestｉｏnｏfanｏｓtｒiｃh(胃口好如鴕鳥)"．HYPＥRLIＮＫ”ｈttｐ:／/www。stｕda.nｅｔ/Englisｈ/”Howeveｒ，tomoｓｔCｈiｎｅseｐeｏｐｌe，ａｎｏｓｔrichisonｌyａkｉnｄｏｆaｎｉmaｌwiｔhouｔaｎyfiｇurａｔiｖemeaniｎgｓ．TｈeCｈineseareｏnlyfamiｌiarwｉth“ｏsｔｒichpｏｌicy（鴕鳥政策）"borｒowedfromEnglish.[１６］?InWｅsｔernculｔuｒｅ，ｗhａｔiｍｐｒessｅspeｏpｌｅmostmayｂeｇoat，for“ｇoat(山羊)"iｓgenｅrallythoughttｏberelatｅdｗitｈeｖilsａｎdthedevil。Theｌeｇeｎdhasｔhatthedeviｌcｒeａｔedthegｏat，whichiｓdescrｉbｅdastｈeｐhantoｍoftheｄevilandthｅgoａt(yī)typiｃallystａｎdｓfｏｒｔhosｅｗhoarｅｆoｎdｏfwｏmｅnａnｄｌｏoseｉnｍoｒaｌｓ。Andwhat’saboutthｅEｎｇｌisｈidｉom“seｐaｒateｔｈｅｓheepfｒomtｈegoats”？TheBiｂｌｅ,Mattｈewtｅlｌsｕｓthaｔ“ｓheep”rｅfersto“ｐeｏple”.ＷecaｎseetｈeorｉgｉnalpasｓａｇefrｏｍthｅＢｉｂle,Ｍaｔｔｈew（2５：31-33）：“WｈenｔｈｅsｏnoｆMａｎｃoｍｅｓｉｎhiｓｇｌory，aｎｄａlｌｔhｅaｎgelｓｗiｔｈhｉｍ，thenheｗilｌｓitｏnthethroneofｈisgloｒｙ．Aｌｌthenａt(yī)iｏnｓｗｉllbeｇatｈｅredｂefｏrｅｈiｍ，ａｎｄｈｅwillｓepａｒａt(yī)ｅpeoplｅoｎｅfｒomanoｔｈeraｓashｅｐhｅrｄseｐaraｔesthesｈeepfrｏｍtｈegoats，ａnｄｈewｉｌlpuｔtheｓｈeｅｐatｈisｒigｈthanｄｔｈｅgｏatsatthelｅｆt?！保?７]AndthustｈeEngｌｉshiｄiomcaｎbetraｎｓlａt(yī)eｄiｎto“分清好人與壞人”.ＢuttoCｈiｎeseｐｅｏple，thegoatｉsonｌyacoｍmonａnｉmal.?LｅｔｕsseｅmorｅanimalwordsoｎlyhａvｉｎgｆigurａｔｉvemeａningｓinＥnｇｌｉｓｈ：“nｉｇhtiｎgale（夜鶯：告密者,坐探）”,“aｌbaｔｒoss(信天翁：沉重的負擔(dān)，無法擺脫的煩惱障礙)”，“cock（公雞：頭頭）”,“bｅaｖer(河貍:賣力工作的人)”,“ｃａｔ（貓：心地惡毒的女人，膽小鬼）”，ｅtc．［１8]?2．4。２TｈｅsａmeanｉmalwordsｗiｔhrichfigｕrativemｅaningsｉnChｉnese，bｕｔｗithnｏｆｉguｒａt(yī)iｖemeａｎingsｉｎEngｌish?FｏrCｈiｎesｅpeｏpｌe，ｗｅmｕｓtbeveｒyfaｍiliarwithｔｈeword“cｒane（鶴)”,aｓｙmbolforlongｅｖiｔyinChinesecｕｌtuｒｅ.Ｔherｅforｅ,sｏmeChiｎeｓepareｎｔsｌiｋｅｔoｎamｅthｅｉrｃｈildｒenａs“鶴年”，“鶴齡”witｈｔhｅｈoｐｅｔhａt(yī)theirchｉldrenｌiｖealｏngliｆｅ.Tｈecｒaｎｅisoｆtenlinkedwitｈthｅpiｎｅｔrｅe，ｗhiｃhisaｓyｍｂoｌforｓtｕrｄｉnessandlongｌife.Tｈetｗoofteｎappeaｒtogeｔhｅｒｗiｔhthｅmeaning“松鶴延年"．ＩnCｈｉｎa，itisagooｄwａyfｏrｐｅｏｐlｅtosenｄｇifｔswiｔhsｕchｄeｓｉｇnｓｏｆcrａneandpiｎｅtrｅetotｈeｏｌdeｒgenｅrations,ｅsｐecｉａllyonｔheiｒbｉｒtｈdａｙceｌｅbraｔingoccasions.ＢutiｎEnｇlｉｓｈcuｌturｅ,theｃraneisonlyaｎｏｒｄinａrｙａｎｉmａlwｉthｎｏfigurａt(yī)ivｅmeａningｓ.?“龜（toｒtｏise）”contａinsｔwoｆiｇurａt(yī)iｖｅｍｅaninｇsinＣhｉnｅse．Oneiｓｌｏnｇevitｙbeｃａuｓeofitsphｙｓｉcａlｆeａt(yī)ures。Sｔoｎetortoisessyｍboｌicofｖｅｎerableolｄaｇｅｓcaｎbesｅeninfrontofancienthａlls,templeｓandpalaces．Theoｔheｒisthesymboｌfortheｃuckｏｌｄ．Ｔocaｌlａpｅrｓｏｎatortｏiｓｅ“王八"ishighlｙinsulting．Ｈｏwever，tｏtheEnglｉsｈ,ｔhｅtorｔoisｅisjusｔaｓlｏｗ-movｉngcreaｔuｒewｉtｈnoｓuchfiguratiｖeｍｅaｎｉｎｇs.［19］?OｔｈｅｒaniｍalwordsindicatethaｔｏnlyＣｈineｓelａｎguaｇehaｓtｈeｆiｇｕｒａt(yī)ivemeａnings．Ｆｏｒｅxamplｅ，“蠶（sｉｌｋｗｏrｍ)：奉獻精神”，“鶚（ｏsprｅy）：有才能的人”，“鴻雁（Cｈｉnｅｓｅwildｇooｓe):喻指信使",“鴛鴦（maｎｄａriｎｄuck）：夫妻”，“黃雀（ｓiskｉn）：得志小人".[２0］?3．Inｆluenｃesoｆｆigurａｔｉvemeaｎｉｎｇｓoｆanimalwordｓoninterｃｕlｔuｒalcｏｍmｕnicａt(yī)ion?Ｉｎtｅrculturalcｏｍmｕniｃaｔｉｏniｓｃoｎcernedwｉｔhcｏmｍunicａt(yī)ioｎａｍｏngpeｏplｅfromｄiｆfｅrenｔcｕｌturaｌbａckgｒouｎds.Withtherapiddeｖeｌopmｅｎtoｆscｉeｎceanｄtechｎｏlogy，esｐｅciaｌｌycomｍｕnicatｉons,thewoｒlｄｉsbｅｃoｍｉｎｇsmaｌlerandｓｍaｌlｅr．Andｉtiｓｎeｃｅｓｓaryｔｏｃｏmｍuｎicatewithpeｏｐlｅｆromdｉｆfｅrentcuｌtｕｒalｂackｇrounｄｓ。Howeｖer,diffｅrｅｎtculturｅsmａyfavoｒdｉfｆｅrｅntvaluesｙｓtｅmsａndwoｒｌｄvieｗｓ.Moreoｖer,thｅbelｉef，cｕstoｍｓaｎｄhabitsｏfthepｅoplｅfromdifferenｔcountｒiｅsｍaybeｄifferent.Therｅfｏre，inｔeｒｃuｌｔmunｉｃatiｏnｐrovｉdeｓｇuidanｃeｆｏrthosepeoｐｌeｅngagediｎintｅrcultｕralｃｏmmuｎiｃatiｏn。

Iｎtｈeｈuｍａncommｕｎicatｉon,aplentyofａnｉmalｗｏｒｄsａrewidｅlyusｅdtoｅnricｈthｅlａｎgｕａgeａndｃｕlturｅ.Tｈｅｖｉｖidｉmageｓoｆａniｍalsenｈanceexpressivｅabｉlitｙofｌａngｕａgeｂyassociatiｎgｗitｈtｈeｉrfeaturesｓｈowedfroｍｏｕtｓideaｐpearanｃeｓorinｄｉvidualteｍpｅrameｎｔｓ．Aｓｔheａbｏvecompariｓｏnsreprｅsｅｎｔ,ａnimａlwoｒdｓhａvemａｎysａmeｏrdiffeｒentfｉgｕｒaｔiｖｅｍeaｎｉngｓ.Iｆｗedonｏtknｏwthecuｌtuｒalｉnｆorｍatiｏｎａndoｎlyunｄerstandｔｈeiｎfoｒmａt(yī)ioｎaccｏrdｉngtoｏｕrｎaｔｉonaｌcuｌturａlbacｋｇrounds,wewouldcausｅthedｅｖiatiｏnｆrominforｍaｔiontｒａnｓmiｓsｉonａｎdｍｉｓuｎdｅrstａｎdingｉnintｅrculｔｕralcoｍｍuniｃationｔolｅａdtｏtheｆaｉlureofcｏｍmuniｃation.Onceａforeｉgnerｓaid，“TｈeJonｅsfａｍilylivelikefigｈtｉｎｇcｏckｓeveｒｓincehegottｈatｎewwelｌpaidjｏbattheｍinｉｓｔrｙ。"Tｈestrｕcturｅisｖeryｓimｐlｅbutmａnypeoplｅｍaｋeａwronｇundeｒsｔandiｎg．Tｈeｐroｂlｅｍｌiｅｓiｎｔhepｈｒａse“fｉghtｉｎgcoｃｋｓ”.ＴoＣｈineｓｅ“fiｇhtingcｏcｋｓ(打斗的公雞）”isusuａlｌyｕsedtodescｒibｅｔwｏpeopｌelivｉngａnｕｎｐｅacefuｌｌife．

ＩnanｃｉentＣｈｉna,thepａlａcesoｒtheｆoｌｋslｉｋedgaｍecoｃktomakｅaplｅasｕre，wｈicｈbroughtoｕｔｔheａssociation。ＢutinＥｎｇlｉsh，“l(fā)ivelｉkefｉｇhtｉngcｏckｓ”means“ｔoenjｏｙｔhｅｂｅｓtpoｓｓｉbleｆoｏdorｌｉfｅ"。Sothecoｒrｅctｕnderstａnｄinｇｏfthissentenｃeｉstｈat“自從瓊斯在部里找到一個薪水豐厚的新職位后，他家過得很舒服。”［21]Tｈeｒeｆｏｒｅ,ｗesｈouldpaｙaｔｔｅntiｏntｏthｅfiｇｕrativｅmeａningsofａnimaｌwｏrdｓtｏmakｅcrｏｓs－ｃuｌｔｕralcｏmmunicａt(yī)ionsｕccessful．?4。Ｔｒａｎslａt(yī)ｉoｎoｆanimａlｍｅｔａpｈors

４.１Impoｒｔanｃeｏｆtranslatioｎ?Traｎsｌaｔioｎｉsadialogicproceｓs.Ｉｔisnotoｎer－ｌingualaｃｔiviｔybutaｌsoacross—cｕlturalcｏｍｍuniｃａt(yī)ioｎevenｔ。Theｐurｐｏseｏftraｎslａt(yī)ｉoｎｉｓtotｒansferｔheｓｏｕrｃeｌａｎgｕａgeintｏtｈeｔargeｔlanｇuagetｏobtaｉntheｍaｘｉmａlequｉvａｌenｃｅ.Sｏｔｒanslatoｒｓplayanimpｏrtａntroleinｔhｅｐroｃessｏftrａnslaｔioｎ。Tｈeysｈｏｕlｄcｏnsｉｄｅｒｈowtoｄeａlwｉthｔhｅiｍagesofｔheworｄｓａndhowtoexpｒesｓtｈefigurativeｍeaningｓｃｏｒreｃtlyanｄｐｒｏperly．Meａnｔime，thｅysｈｏuｌdｔhinkoｖeｒnｏtonｌyｔｈeｌaｎgｕagｅstructｕｒｅsａndnatｉonalfｅａｔureｓｉｎｓourｃelangｕagebutalｓothecultuｒalbackｇrｏｕｎdsａndｔheｅｘpressionsiｎtaｒｇeｔlanguage。?Ａnｉｍａlworｄscontainmaｎyculｔuraｌmeａnings。Inthｅｐroｃessoｆｔraｎｓlaｔiｎｇanimalwｏｒds，thｅｂｉgｐrｏblｅｍishowtogettｈeｓaｍeｏrneａrlytheｓａmeeffectｃulｔurallｙinthｅtaｒｇetｌaｎguａgeａsthａt(yī)ｏfｔhｅsourcｅｌangｕａge。?4。２Ｍethｏｄｓofｔrａnｓｌaｔion?4。2.１Keｅpｉｎｇｉｍａｇeofanimaｌaｓｓociａｔiｏnvｅｈicｌeｓ?ＥnｇliｓhcｕｌtureandCｈiｎesｅcｕltｕｒｅhaｖemｕchincommon,sｏtｈeEnｇlishandｔheChinｅsesharｅｔhesａmｅorsｉmｉｌａｒfeelｉnｇsoratｔitudｅｓtosoｍeａnimａlwｏrｄｓ.Ａｎdtｈeｙuｓｅｔｈesaｍeaniｍａlｉmａgｅstoｅxpｒｅｓstｈesiｍilａrfiguｒaｔiｖｅmｅaｎings．Thereｆore,weｃanadｏｐtlｉteralｔrａnslａｔioｎｔｏｋｅeptheorｉｇinａlａsｓｏｃiaｔiｏｎｖeｈicles．Ｔoaｃertａineｘtｅnt，thismｅtｈodheｌｐstokeeptｈesourcenatｉonaｌｓeｎseaｎdmakestheｔａrgeｔlaｎgｕagｅrｅadeｒｓtｏunｄｅrｓtaｎdｔhｅｓｏurcｅｌａnguagecｕlｔｕre。Ｆｏｒexaｍple:?(1)俗話說得好,叫做“殺雞嚇猴",拿雞子宰了,那猴兒ＨＹＰEＲLＩＮK"hｔtp://wｗｗ.stuｄa．neｔ/ｌixue/"自然害怕.(李寶嘉：《官場現(xiàn)形記》)

Thesａyinghａｓitweｌｌ，“kiｌｌｔhecｈｉｃkeninｏｒderｔofriｇｈｔentheｍoｎkｅy”．Iｆtｈｅcｈicｋenｉsｋilleｄthｅmonkｅyisceｒtａｉnlyscaｒed。［２２］

(2）楚兵罷食盡,此天亡楚之時也，不如因其機而遂取之。今釋弗擊，此所謂養(yǎng)虎遺患也.（司馬遷:《史記。項羽本紀》)?ThetrｏopsoｆＣhｕareｓｈorｔofｆoｏｄ，whichshowsthｅgｏdsｗanttowｉｐethｅmouｔanｄｔａkｅuptｈｅstａt(yī)ｅ．Ｉｆwedｏn’tlaunchanａt(yī)tａckｕpoｎtｈemaｎdｌettｈemgo，whａｔweshａｌｌｄｏisｔonourｉshaｔiｇertｏbｅasoｕｒceｏｆthetroｕbｌｅintｈｅｆuｔuｒe．［２３]?(3）Ａdｖｉｃｅanｄcｏｒrecｔｉoｎrolｌoｆｆhiｍlｉｋewaｔｅroffadｕｃk’sback．?勸導(dǎo)對他好像水過鴨背似的不起作用。[2４］?(４)Ｙｏustupidass!Ｈowｃouｌｄyouｄoathingliｋetｈat？?你這頭蠢驢!怎么會干出那種事兒來？［2５]?Leｔ’ｓhavealooｋatsomeothｅｒexａmｐlｅs:ｄarkhorse(黑馬），papeｒtｉgｅr(紙老虎）,laｍbｄuｃｋ（跛腳鴨子）,ａｓpuｒｅａsａswan（像天鵝一樣圣潔）,etc.?Keｅpinｇｉmaｇeｏｆaｓsｏciatiｏnｖｅhiｃｌescanmaｋeｌaｎｇuagevividａｎdｖigorｏｕsaｎdpresｅrｖｅｔｈｅoｒiginalstyｌe．AdopｔiｎgｔｈismetｈｏdｎｏtonlyreproduｃesｔhesoｕrｃelａngｕａｇeｍeaｎiｎgandchａrｍbuｔalsoｂenefiｔsthecｕｌtｕrａlexchａngｅbｅtweenＣhｉneseanｄＥnglish．?4．2.2Ｃhanｇiｎgｉｍaｇeofａｎiｍａｌasｓociaｔionvehicles

ＥngｌｉshｌａnguageandChiｎｅseｌangｕaｇｅhａvesomｅcｕltｕraldiｓcｒepａｎcｉeｓ。Iｆsomeoriｇｉnaｌａssoｃiaｔｉｏnvehiｃleｓａｒekeptｉnｔｈeｐｒocessｏｆtranｓｌatiｏn，theｔａｒｇｅtｌangｕagereａdersｍayｎｏtunｄeｒsｔaｎdtheｍ.Ｉndeeｄ，thｅrｅaｒｅoccasionswｈereｃｅｒtainｃｕltｕralａｓｐｅｃｔsoｆｏriｇinalcannｏtｂｅｄireｃtlｙｔrａnsfｅrｒeｄｉnｔoｔhetargetlanｇuageｃｕｌtｕre．Ｔhus，ｉntheｐｒｏcｅsｓofｉｎｔｅrｃuｌturalcｏmmｕnｉcａt(yī)ｉoｎ,wemａｙrｅplacetheoｒigiｎalｉｍａgewｉtｈaｄiffｅrｅntoneｔｈaｔretaiｎsthemｅaniｎgｏftheｏrigiｎaｌmessagｅandｗeｌlｆitsｉnwitｈ