2021年中考語法復(fù)習(xí)：語態(tài)講解及提升練習(xí)（有答案）

中考語法復(fù)習(xí)：被動語態(tài)講解及提升練習(xí)

一?概念：

語態(tài)是的一種形式，它表示主語和謂語的關(guān)系。語態(tài)有兩種：和。如果主語是動作

的執(zhí)行者，要用主動語態(tài)；如果主語是動作的承受者，則用被動語態(tài)。

二、基本分類（使用被動語態(tài)的情況）

不知道：Somenewcomputerswerestolenlastnight.（動作執(zhí)行者不明）

沒必要：Eighthoursperdayforsleepmustbeguaranteed.（沒必要指出動作執(zhí)行者）

需強(qiáng)調(diào)：Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld.（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作承受者）

三、用法詳解

1.構(gòu)成：be+動詞過去分詞

be+done

am/is/are

was/were

am/is/are+being

各種時態(tài)was/were+being

will/would/begoingto+be

have/has/had+been

can/must/may/needbe

中考中?？嫉奈宸N被動結(jié)構(gòu):

例句

時態(tài)主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)

主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)

WecleantheTheclassroomis

一般現(xiàn)在時

classroom.cleanedbyus.

do/doesam/is/aredone

Thekitewasmade

一般過去時didwas/weredoneHemadethekite.

byhim.

Treeswillbe

will/shall/bewill/shall/beTheywillplat

一般將來時plantedbythem

goingtodogoingtobedonetreestomorrow.

tomorrow.

have/hashave/hasbeenJimhasfinishedTheworkhasbeen

現(xiàn)在完成時

donedonethework.finishedbyJim.

can/may/mustcan/may/mustbeHecanbefoundby

情態(tài)動詞Icanfindhim.

dodoneme.

2、解題步驟

1）第一步：判斷正確的被動結(jié)構(gòu)：be+done

2）第二步：根據(jù)時間狀語判斷時態(tài)，選出正確答案。

3、五項注意

1）不及物動詞無被動語態(tài)：無賓語何來被動

Whatwillhappenin100years.

Thedinosaursdisappearedabout65millionyearsago.

2）變被動還原to：四看三使兩聽一感覺★

Agirlsawmywalletdropwhenshepassedby.

—Mywalletwasseentodropbyagirlwhenshepassedby.

Thebossmadethelittleboydoheavywork.

—Thelittleboywasmadetodoheavyworkbytheboss.

3）雙賓變被動：直賓（物）作主語需加介詞

Hegavemeabook.—>Abookwasgiventomebyhim.

Myfatherboughtmeanewbike.一Anewbikewasboughtformebymyfather.

4）短語是整體：勿忘介詞或副詞

Wecan*tlaughathim.—Hecan'tbelaughedatbyus.

Helistenstotheradioeveryday.一Theradioislistenedtobyhimeveryday.

5）復(fù)合賓語變被動：賓語變主語，賓補(bǔ)成主補(bǔ)

IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom.—Janewasheardplayingthepianoinher

room.

4、主動表被動

1）need,want,require（要求，需要）/deserve（應(yīng)得,值得）,beworth值得）

①Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。

②Theoldbuildingrequiresrepairing.這座古建筑需要修了。

③Theseyoungseedlingswillrequire/needlookingafter這些幼苗將需要小心的照管。

@Yourhairwants/needscutting（needstobecut）.你的頭發(fā)該剪了。

2）感官系動詞：look,sound,taste,feel,smell

①Uniformslookuglyonus.我們穿著制服很難看。

②Mooncakestastedelicious.月餅嘗起來很好吃。

3）sell,wash,write,read,clean,cook,break,catch,drive,lock,open等作不及物動詞時，

主語為物。

它們被用來描述主語特征，通常與well,easily等副詞連用。

?Thiskindofpenwritesverysmoothly.這種鋼筆寫起來很流暢。

②Thiskindofskirtsellswellhere.這種樣式的襯衫在這賣得很好。

③Thiskindofclothwasheswell.這種布料很容易清洗。

鞏固提升：

一、單選題

1.Ahigh-techshipaftertheMayflowerthatsetsailfromPlymouthin1620.

A.namesB.namedC.benamedD.wasnamed

2.SomenewschoolsinMinhangDistrict,Shanghaiinthenearfuture.

A.arebuiltB.willbuildC.arebuildingD.willbebuilt

3.ThemuseumnextmonthtocelebratetheScienceandTechnologyFestival.

A.isdecoratedB.willdecorateC.isdecoratingD.willbedecorated

4.Ourworkwithwinningthesecondprizeinanationalshortfilmcompetition.

A.rewardsB.rewardedC.isrewardedD.wasrewarded

5.Inabouttenyears,time,moreandmoreelectriccarsrunningontheroad.

A.havebeenseenB.willbeseenC.wouldseeD.areseeing

6.5GcellphonesinmostcitiesinChinasincetwoyearsago.

A.haveprovidedB.wereprovidingC.wereprovidedD.havebeenprovided

7.Watersupplyaftersomethingstrangeintheriverwaterwasfoundandreported.

A.hasstoppedB.hadbeenstoppedC.isstoppingD.wasstopped

8.NextFridaythehalltocelebratetheScienceandTechnologyFestival.

A.decoratedB.isdecorating

C.willdecorateD.willbedecorated

9.ItwassurprisingthatHuoshengshanHospitalinabouttendaysinFebruary,2020.

A.builtB.wasbuiltC.hasbeenbuiltD.willbebuilt

10.ThedateofthemeetingforthisprojectlastFriday.

A.wasfixedB.isfixedC.willbefixedD.hasbeenfixed

11.AnofficialbysomereportersonthetrafficproblemsinShanghailastFriday.

A.isinterviewingB.isinterviewedC.wasinterviewingD.wasinterviewed

12.Sincethestoryinpictures,readingittogetherisalotmorefunthanyouever

imagined.

A.tellsB.betoldC.istoldD.istelling

13.Theever-growingspaceexplorationsmeanthatmoreastronauts.

A.requireB.wasrequiredC.requiredD.arerequired

14.DoctorZhang,leaderofthemedicalteamofexperts,byCCTVlastweek.

A.hadinterviewedB.wasinterviewedC.hasinterviewedD.isinterviewed

15.Thesuperheroes,suchasSpider-ManandIronMan,byStanLeewhenhewasalive.

A.arecreatedB.havebeencreatedC.willbecreatedD.werecreated

16.About840,000tonsofkitchenwasteeveryyearinShanghai.

A.willcreateB.willbecreatedC.createsD.iscreated

17.Soonthefiremenarrivedatthescene,andtheoldmaninthefireatlast.

A.wassavedB.savedC.hassavedD.hasbeensaved

18.MostofJeff'sbestbookswhenhewassickandpoor.

A.wroteB.wouldwriteC.hadwrittenD.werewritten

19.TheopeningceremonyoftheeventinRomeonJan.21,2020.

A.isheldB.washeldC.willbeheldD.hasbeenheld

20.Don*tworry.Themeetingroomwitheverythingnecessaryfortheceremony.

A.isdecoratedB.decoratedC.hasbeendecoratedD.hadbeendecorated

21.ThefirstHollywoodfilmin1911.Earlymovie由eaterswerecalled"Nickelodeons”.

A.produceB.wasproducedC.beproducedD.produced

22.Theflatofthefamousarchitectatthepriceof8milliondollarslastyear.

A.willsellB.willbesoldC.soldD.wassold

23.TheinvitationlettertoCharlesandhiswifethedaybeforeyesterday.

A.wasemailedB.isemailedC.willbeemailedD.hasbeenemailed

24.Dave'ssecondbooklastyearandnowhehasfinishedathirdone.

A.ispublishedB.waspublishedC.willbepublishedD.hasbeenpublished

25.The10thChinaflowerexpoinChongmingIslandfromMarchtoJulyin2021.

A.washeldB.willbeheldC.isheldD.hasbeenheld

26.Mobilephonesinourdailylifenow,likemakingphonecalls,payingandreading.

A.willwidelyuseB.arewidelyusedC.havewidelyusedD.werewidelyused

27.Afteraheateddiscussion,theyhavedecidedwherethenewshoppingmall.

A.willbebuiltB.willbuildC.wouldbebuiltD.wouldbuild

28.Becauseofthespreadofthedisease,ourflighttoFrancelastweek.

A.iscancellingB.hascancelledC.iscancelledD.wascancelled

29.Myadviceondecoratingthebackwallatlastbytheclassteacher.

A.wasacceptedB.wasacceptingC.willbeacceptedD.willaccept

30.EveryyearbillionsoftonsofrubbishinEurope.Areyoushockedbythis?

A.producesB.areproducedC.beproducedD.hasproduced

31.Tohelppeopletravelaroundthecitymoreeasily,moreundergroundlinesinthenext

fewyearsinShanghai.

A.arebuiltB.willbuildC.arebuildingD.willbebuilt

32.It'sapleasurethatLucytothecharityshowlastnight.

A.invitesB.isinvitedC.invitedD.wasinvited

33.Alltheboysintofivegroupstocompletethegroupactivitiesjustnow.

A.divideB.havedividedC.weredividedD.willbedivided

34.Theoldmanwassadbecausehisfavouritevasebyhisnaughtygranddaughter.

A.brokeB.breaksC.isbrokenD.wasbroken

35.AccordingtoNASA,in2024thefirstwomanonthemoon.

A.islandedB.waslandedC.hasbeenlandedD.willbelanded

36.Hundredsofcopiesofhisnovelssincethepressconferencelastmonth.

A.aresoldB.weresoldC.willbesoldD.havebeensold

37.Accordingtothepoliticaladviser,5Gsmartphonesonthemarketinearly2020.

A.willbesoldB.hasbeensoldC.aresoldD.weresold

38.-Howoldisthehouse?-Itbymygrandgrandfatherin1940.

A.isbuiltB.wasbuiltC.willbebuiltD.hasbeenbuilt

39.Differentkindsofclothesdeliveredtotheearthquake-hitareatomorrow.

A.willbeB.hadbeenC.wereD.are

40.LastnightinGardenCity,manytreesdowninthestorm.

A.beblownB.areblownC.wereblownD.havebeenblown

41.Theceremonyofthe89thOscar（奧斯卡）AwardsinLosAngelesonFebruary27,

2017.

A.isheldB.washeldC.hasheldD.hold

42.Afterhisdeath,thelandequallyamonghissons.

A.dividesB.dividedC.wasdividedD.hasdivided

43.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmeifthesportsmeetingontime?

■一It'shardtosay.Ifitrainstomorrow,we'llhavetoputitoff

A.isheldB.willbeheldC.hasbeenheldD.washeld

44.Oneofourschoolrulesisthatsmartphones___inclass.

A.aren*tallowedB.don'tallow

C.isn'tallowedD.won'tallow

45.Awomanwhofell1OmetersfromHighPeaktosafetybyahelicopter.

A.liftedB.isIfted

C.wasliftingD.waslifted

答案：

1.D2.D3.D4.D5.B6.D7.D8.D9.BIO.AILD12.C13.D14.B15.D

16.D17.A18.D19.B20.C21.B22.D23.A24.B25.B26.B27.A28.D29.A

30.B31.D32.D33.C34.D35.D36.D37.A38.B39.A40.C41.B42.C43.B

44.A45.D

二、改寫句子

1.ManycountriessentmedicalteamstoBeirutafterthedisaster.（改為被動語態(tài)）

AfterthedisastermedicalteamstoBeirutbymanycountries.

2.WeraisedalotofmoneyforthepoorchildreninthewestofChina.（改為被動語態(tài)）

AlotofmoneyfbrthepoorchildreninthewestofChina.

3.Sofar,COVID-19haskilledthousandsofpeopleinthatcountry.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Sofar,thousandsofpeoplekilledbyCOVID-19inthatcountry.

4.TheteacherchoseourmonitortotakepartintheEnglishcompetitionlastFriday.（改為被動語

態(tài)）

OurmonitortotakepartintheEnglishcompetitionlastFriday.

5.Lawrequiresthewearingofseatbelts.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Thewearingofseatbeltsbylaw.

6.TheyinvitedthescientistandhiswifetothepartyonNewYear'sEve,（改為被動語態(tài)）

ThescientistandhiswifetothepartyonNewYear'sEve.

7.Wepreparetheflowerteainthesamewayastheregulartea.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Theflowerteainthesamewayastheregulartea.

8.Metroworkerswillstoppassengerswhoplaymusicorvideosonthespeakersoftheirmobile

phones.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Passengerswhoplaymusicorvideoonthespeakersoftheirmobilephoneswillby

Metroworkers.

9.Therobberycasehasalreadybeensolved.（改為否定句）

Therobberycasebeensolved.

10.Theynametheworld'sfirstlight-basedquantumcomputerJiuzhang（九章）.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Theworld'sfirstlight-basedquantumcomputerjiuzhang.

1l.Ourschoolputoffoutdooractivitiesbecauseoftherainthismorning.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Outdooractivitiesoffbyourschoolbecauseoftherainthismorning.

12.OurschoolwillholdasportsmeetingonthefirstFridaynextmonlh.（改為被動語態(tài)）

AsportsmeetingwillinourschoolonthefirstFridaynextmonth.

13.WeoftenhangsomebeautifulpresentsontheChristmastree.（改為被動語態(tài)）

SomebeautifulpresentsoftenontheChristmastree.

14.Acouplestoleavaseworthabout$300,000yesterday.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Avaseworthabout$300,000byacouple

yesterday.

15.Theheadmasterawardedoneofthestudentsthetopprizeinthecontest.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Oneofthestudentsthetopprizeinthecontestbytheheadmaster.

16.Peoplehavechangedtheirwaysoflifetoprotecttheenvironment.（改為被動語態(tài)）

People'swaysoflifechangedtoprotecttheenvironment.

17.Mr.SmithwroteatruestoryabouthisholidayinChina.（改為被動語態(tài)）

AtruestorybyMr.SmithabouthisholidayinChina.

18.Somevisitorswrotethenamesanddatesontheexhibitions.（改為被動語態(tài)）

Thenamesanddatesontheexhibitionsbysomevisitors.

19.AGermancompanyhasdevelopedarapidtest.（改為被動語態(tài)）

ArapidtestdevelopedbyaGermancompany.

20.EachstudentgivesareportaboutnationalnewsinPoliticslessons.（改成被動語態(tài)）

AreportaboutnationalnewsbyeachstudentinPoliticslessons.

21.OurgovernmentprovidesfreemedicalcareforNCPpatients.（改成被動語態(tài)）

FreemedicalcareforNCPpatients.

22.InSwitzerland,peoplesellsomeoftheoldclothesincharityshops.（改為被動語態(tài)）

InSwitzerland,someoftheoldclothesincharityshops.

23.Asweallknow,manytravellersvisittheGreatWalleveryyear.（