2021普陀高三質(zhì)量調(diào)研 試卷

普陀區(qū)2021學(xué)年第一學(xué)期高三英語質(zhì)量調(diào)研

英語試卷

考生注意：

1.考試時(shí)間120分鐘，試卷滿分140分。

2.本次考試設(shè)試卷和答題紙兩部分。所有答題必須涂（選擇題）或?qū)懀ǚ沁x擇題）在答題

紙上，做在試卷上一律不得分。

3.答題前，務(wù)必在答題紙上填寫準(zhǔn)考證號和姓名，并將核對后的條形碼貼在指定位置上，在

答題紙反面清楚地填寫姓名。

I.ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions：InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeach

conversation^aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,

anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

1.A.Inalibrary.B.Inastudyhall.C.Inarestaurant.D.Inafurniturestore.

2.A.Haveameeting.B.Haveameal.C.Gotowork.D.Dosomecooking.

3.A.$5.C.$10.D.$15.

4.A.Tiring.B.Relaxing.C.Dull.D.Worthy.

5.A.Thewoman'sbootsdon'tfitherfeet.

B.Thewoman'spullovermatchesherboots.

C.Thewomanshouldn'thaveworntheboots.

D.Thewomanshouldbuythepulloverinsteadoftheboots.

6.A.Workinginagarden.B.Searchinginaship.

C.Wanderinginastreet.D.Exploringinacave.

7.A.Discouraged.B.Annoyed.C.Impressed.D.Disturbed.

8.A.Theclothesaremadefromplants.

B.Themodelsarewearingrealleather.

C.Themodelsaredressedupwithpineappleleaves.

D.Theclothesaredesignedbysomebiologyscientists.

9.A.Hewilladjusthisschedule.

B.Hedoesn'tlikefootballlessons.

C.Hewastoobusytotakethelessons.

D.Hefindsthefootballfieldcrowded.

10.A.Shemaygetataxrefundfortheskirt.

B.Sheislikelytopaythebillbyherself.

C.Shewillloseweighttofitintotheskirt.

D.Shemaychangetheskirtforalargerone.

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillheartyvoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeasked

severalquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillberead

twice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswerson

yourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.

Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

11.A.Long-distancerunnersshouldhavelight,thinbodies.

B.Traininginmountainousregionsgivesrunnersadvantages.

C.Manyfactorscontributetothesuccessofmarathonrunners.

D.Runnersfrommountainousareasaregoodmarathoners.

12.A.Efficientuseofoxygen.B.Motivationtorun.

C.Slowbreathingrate.D.Lightandslimbodies.

13.A.Theygivetrainerspositivefeedback.

B.Theyseldomgetfinancialrewards.

C.Theymostlyliveinpoorconditions.

D.Theygainnationwidepopularity.

Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

14.A.Thefirstcompletemapoftheworld9scoralreefshasbeenlaunched.

B.ArizonaStateUniversityhassupportedthecoralscienceactivities.

C.PaulAllen'sprivatecompanycreatedsupercoraltohelpsavereefs.

D.GregAsnerwillcreatethefirstworldwide,detailedcoralreefmap.

15.A.AresearcherfromArizonaStateUniversity.

B.Thelateco-founderofMicrosoftCorporation.

C.Themanagerofaprivatefinancialcompany.

D.AprofessorfromtheUniversityofQueensland.

16.A.Togainfreeaccesstoreefdata.B.TojoinAsner9steam.

C.Tomaketheirworkmoreeffective.D.Toseethedevelopmentofthemaps.

Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation

17.A.Thediaryhisgrandfatherkept.

B.Thestorieshisgrandfathertoldhim.

C.Hisimaginationofhowhisgrandfatherworked.

D.Hisobservationofhowhisgrandfatherworked.

18.A.Repetitionofwordsandphrases.B.Scenerypaintedingreyandbrown.

C.Longpauseswithinconversations.D.Coldatmosphereinthewaitingroom.

19.A.Hecopeswellwithstress.B.Helikestohaveclearguidelines.

C.Heispatientandcooperative.D.Hethinksheisagoodleader.

20.A.Anactorforgettinghislines.B.Anequipmentfailure.

C.Thewheelchairstuckonthestage.D.Theinjuryofacharacter.

II.Grammarandvocabulary

SectionA

Directions：Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

BillionairesRacetoSpace

InlateJuly2021,JeffBezosachievedanout-of-this-worldambition.Thebillionairefounder

ofAmazon(21)(fly)totheedgeofspace一62miles(100kilometers)aboveEarth's

surface—onarocketdesignedbyhiscompanyBlueOrigin.

“Bestdayever,“Bezossaidovertheradiotomissioncontrolafterlandingsafelybackon

Earth,(22)othersweren'tsoimpressed.Theycalledthemissionanenormouswasteof

money.Bezos,theyargued,(23)bespendinghisbillionstoimprovethingsonEarth.

Bezoswasn'tthefirstbillionairetosethissightsonspace.Norwashethefirst(24)

(criticize)aboutwastingenormouspersonalwealth.Aweek(25)theAmazonfoundermade

history,businessownerRichardBransondid,too.Bransonbecamethefirstpersontoflytospace

onarockethehelpedfund,(26)(develop)byhiscompanyVirginGalactic.

Criticssaythatthemoney(27)(go)towardcommercialspacetravelwouldbebetter

spenton(28)theyseeasmoreimportantpursuits.Theseincludeworkingtocurediseases,

reducingpoverty,andhelpingtosolvetheclimatecrisis.Besides,launchingspacecraftsisharmful

totheplanet,criticsdeclare.(29)naturalistHollyHaworthpointedoutinSierramagazine,

"travelinginrocketsisarguablythemostcarbon-emittingthinganindividualcando.”

Butsupportersofcommercialspacetravelarguethatitdoesbenefithumanity.Personalfunds

(30)(put)towardhigh-payingjobsandanewindustry.That'smoneytheycouldhavespent

onnewlimousinesorvillasforthemselves,supporterssay.Plus,theircompaniesareinvestingin

newtechnologiesthatincreaseaccesstospaceanddriveinnovationinotherareasaswell.

SectionB

Directions：Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Note

thatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.displacedB.featureC.groupedD.headlinesE.houseF.inevitable

G.neutralH.projectedI.solutionJ.sustainableK.withstand

FloatingCities:TheWaveoftheFuture?

RainwaterpouringintotheNewYorkCitysubway.TownsandroadsinPennsylvania

overtakenbyfloodwater.Thesedramaticscenesmade___31___inSeptember2021.___32___by

theeffectsoftheclimatecrisis.Risingsealevels,alongwithextremeflooding,areputtingmoreand

morecoastalresidentsandothersatrisk.By2050,morethan1billionpeoplewillliveincountries

thatlackthebasicsystemsandservicesto___33___sea-levelrise,accordingtotheInstitutefor

EconomicsandPeace.Andalltheseclimaterefugeeswillneedtoseekoutnewhomesondryland.

One___34___architectsandothershavebeenexploringwithmoreurgencyinrecentyearsis

tobuildfloatingcities.In2019,theUnitedNationsbroughttogetheragroupofinnovators,

scientists,andmarineengineerstodiscussthefutureof___35___sea-basedcommunities.uAsour

climateandwaterecosystemsarechanging,thewayourcitiesrelatetowaterneedstochange,too,“

putySecretary-GeneralAminaJ.Mohammed."Floatingcitiesareameansofensuringclimate

adaption,asbuildingscanrisealongwiththesea.”

Thesecitiescanbedesignedasclimate___36___.Theycantakeadvantageofplentifulwind

andwaterpowerforelectricity,andgrowfoodusinghydroponics(水耕法)."Fromtraditional

houseboatcommunitiestohigh-techexperiments,therearemanyexamplestolearnfrom/9she

added.

Someoftheseexperimentalfloatingcitiesarealreadyindevelopment.Anotherplanned

communitythat'sattractingalotofattentionisOceanixCity,whichis___37___tohaveone-third

ofits118islandsbelowsealevelwithin60years.

PlansforOceanixCity___38___groupsofhexagon-shaped(六邊形)islandspoweredby

solarandwaterenergy.Tiedtotheseafloor,eachhuman-madeislandwould___39___around300

people;theislandswouldbe___40___togetherincommunitiesofabout10,000residents.Oceanix

citizenswoulddrinkprocessedoceanwaterandextractedhumidityfromtheair,anddineona

readysupplyofseafood.

III.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fill

ineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Imaginesittinginsideawindowlesstrainthat'sshootingthroughatubeattwicethespeedof

anairplane.Yourtrainhasnowheels,producesno_41_,makesitsownelectricity,andisn't

affectedbybadweather.Thisisthehyperloop,anewvisionfortheworld's_42—,safest,and

greenestformoftransportation.Manyhave_43_thisnewtechnology,butotherssaythe

hyperloopvisionisjustabunchofhotair.

Hyperloopdevelopersplantousethepropertiesofmagnetstofloat,stabilize,anddrivethe

capsulesorpodsforhundredsofmilesthrough_44—tubes.Withoutairorgroundtoslowdown

thevehicles,whatwasonceafive-hourjourneywouldbecomeahalf-hourexcursion,engineers

promise.

Supportersofthetechnologypromoteadditional_45—oftransportingpassengersandcargo

byhyperloop.Forexample,theyfirmlystatethatunlikeothercity-to-citytransportthat9s_46—,

suchasplanesortrains,hyperloopvehicleswouldleaveasneeded,likeUbersandtaxis.Whilethe

—47—wouldholdonly28to50passengerseach,developersplanforthemtodepartstationsin

groupseveryminuteorsowhichtheysaycouldamounttoshuttling50,000peopleanhour.That's

morethantwicethepassenger_48_oftheworld'sfastesttrains.

Developersalsosaythathyperlooptubeswouldbe_49_sotheywouldn'tinterferewith

othertrafficorthreatenwildlife.Andtubeswouldbecoveredwithsolarpanelstopowerthe

hyperloop9ssystems._50_,advocatesregardthehyperloopasthetransportationchoiceforthe

future.

Butnoteveryoneisonboard.Engineershavecalculatedthatthehigh-speedvehicleswillneed

tomakemuchwiderturnsthancurrentlyenvisioned,andotherwisetheywon'tbe_51—for

passengers.Thiswouldaddseveralmilestotheproposedtubetracks.Engineersalsosayplanners

haven'tincludedenoughtimeforvehiclestosafelybrakeandtakeoffatstations.Someengineers

believeitwilltakemuchlongerthanclaimedtopumpthe_52_outofthetubesbeforeeach

vehicle'sdeparture.Criticsthussayhyperloopscan'tgoasfastorserveasmanypassengersper

hourasadvertised,makingthem_53—existinghigh-speedtransportationoptions.

Hyperloopcompaniessaythey're_54—theseconcerns.Theyclaimthattheycansafely

maintainhighspeedsbyhavingthevehiclesbankaroundtheturnsasaplanedoes.Andtheir

hyperloopswillrelyonthesplit-secondreactiontimesofacomputerto_55—vehiclesquickly,

frequently,andsafely.

41.A.pollutionB.soundC.energyD.wind

42.A.cleanestB.lightestC.latestD.fastest

43.A.adaptedB.exploitedC.embracedD.developed

44.A.totallyhollowB.nearlyairlessC.steadilynarrowD.highlyflexible

45.A.advantagesB.costsC.qualitiesD.situations

46.A.inconstantdemandsB.onstricttimetables

C.inchangeablestatesD.onessentialservices

47.A.cabinsB.lorriesC.tubesD.vehicles

48.A.fareB.capacityC.speedD.comfort

49.A.undergroundB.parallelC.elevatedD.shared

50.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesideD.Otherwise

51.A.availableB.economicC.easyD.safe

52.A.forceB.airC.heatD.water

53.A.mostpopularofB.superiortoC.nobetterthanD.leastprofitableof

54.A.addressingB.causingC.voicingD.releasing

55.A.rideB.pilotC.parkD.alert

SectionB

Directions：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfallowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinished

statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccording

totheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

(A)

FridaKahlowasoneofthemostinfluentialLatinAmericanfiguresofthe20thcentury.Asthe

daughterofaGermanfatherandaMexicanmother,shewasbornonJuly6,1907.Shegrewupin

Coyoacan,ontheoutskirtsofMexicoCity.

Whenshewasseven,aviraldiseasecalledpoliomadeherverysick,weakeningthemuscles

inherrightleg.Whileinschool,Kahlowitnessedanumberofbloodystrugglesbetweenarmed

groupsinMexicoCityduringtheMexicanRevolution.Itwasessentiallyafightforbetterliving

conditionsforthedisadvantaged.BecauseofherexperiencesinMexicoCity,Kahlobecamea

strongsupporterofpeasants9rights.Later,in1925,shewasinabusaccidentthatbrokeher

backbone,dislocatedhershoulder,andcausedotherterribleinjuries.

Torelievetheboredomofrecoveryandtohelpdealwiththepainandsadnessoftheaccident,

shebegantopaint.Inherpaintings,Kahloreallyexploredheridentity.Herworkdealswithher

statusasawoman,hermixedancestry,herturbulentmarriagetoMexicancommunistpainter

DiegoRivera,thepainofherinjuries,andhercommitmenttorevolutionarypolitics.Manypeople

considerherpaintingsexamplesofsurrealism,sincemuchofwhatshepaintedwasfantastical,but

Kahloneverconsideredherselfasurrealist.Kahlo'sworkisuniquebecauseshetookthebright

colorsanddramaticsymbolismofMexicancultureandcombinedthemwithtraditionsfrom

Europeanart.

Inthemostfamouspaintingcalled“TwoFridas,shepaintstwoversionsofherself,onein

traditionalMexicanclothesandanotherinEuropeanclothesofanearliercentury.Avein(靜脈)

connectstheheartsofthetwowomen,andbloodisdrippingoutfromoneend.Thiswaspainted

justaftersheandRiveragotdivorced.Ifyoulookclosely,youcanseethattheMexicanKahlo

holdsaportraitofRivera.Symbolssuchastheexposedheartsandstormyskysuggestthepainthat

Kahlofelt.Checkouthowoneoftheheartsisbroken,andtheotherone'swhole.Sheseemstobe

suggestingthatRiveraonlylovedtheMexicanpartofhers.

Inalotofways,Kahlohadanunhappylife.Shediedwhenshewasonly47yearsold.Herart

isfilledwithsadness,butitalsoexpressesprideinherMexicanheritageandthejoyofbeinga

woman.

56.WhatledKahlotosupporttherightsofpoorlaborers?

A.ThefactthatherfatherwasaGermanmigrantlaborer.

B.Thetimeshespentworkingasalaborerduringthe1920s.

C.HermarriagetotheMexicannationalistpainterDiegoRivera.

D.HerexperiencesinMexicoCityduringtheMexicanRevolution.

57.Placethefollowingeventsintimeorder:①Kahlowashurtinabusaccident;②Kahlo

witnessedtheMexicanRevolution;③Kahlobeganpainting.

A.①②③B.②①③C.②③①D.③①②

58.Theunderlinedword“turbulent“inParagraph3mostprobablymeans.

A.artisticallywell-matchedB.fantasticandextremelyloving

C.filledwithdramaticupsanddownsD.verypoliticallyconscious

59.HowwereFridaKahlo'spaintingssimilartothoseofthesurrealists?

A.Theybothfocusedongenderidentity.

B.Theybothpromotedsocialistpolitics.

C.Theybothcontaineddreamlikeimagery.

D.TheybothcombinedMexicanandEuropeanart.

(B)

GobehindthescenesatAucklandZooandcomeeyetoeyewithsomeofourAustralian

neighbours.Cometothezoobeforeopeninghoursandexperiencethemorningsightsand

sounds.HelpthekeepersfeedthekangaroosandkoalaintheAussieWalkaboutandtake

breakfasttoawidevarietyofbirds.

Tourfeatures

?Asmallgroupfullyaccompaniedbyanexperiencedguide.

?Yourguidewillphotographyouimmersedinyourtour.Thephotoswillbe

recordedontoacomplimentaryCD,whichyouwillreceiveatthetour

conclusion.Afantasticvisualrecordofyourunforgettableexperience.

PricingTourdatesandtimes

TheAussieWalkabouttourrunsonThursday,

Family:$220(2adults,2minors)FridayandSaturday—departingfromthe

Adult:$80InformationCentreat8:00am.Thistouris

Minor(6-15years):$40approximatelyanhourandahalfinduration一

finishingat9:30.

?

Arrivaldetails

Participantsmustarriveatthezooby8:00am.Ifyouarriveafterthistimetherewillbeno

opportunitytojointhegroup,sopleaseensureyouallowenoughtimefortravellingand

parkinginthecarparkneartheentrance.Yourguidewillgivethegroupaninitialpersonal

safetybriefingbeforethetourstarts.Participantsshouldnotethisiscompulsory.

60.Alltheparticipantsarerequiredto.

A.payfbrthephotosrecordedontoaCD

B.attendatalkonsecuritybeforethetour

C.pickuptheguideinthecarparkneartheentrance

D.assistinthefeedingofdifferentspeciesduringthetour

61.Ifacouplewiththeirchildren,aged5,8,and10wanttotakepartinthisactivity,howmuchwill

theypay?

A.$220.B.$230.C.$260,D.$270.

62.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothebrochure?

A.Thereisafreecarparkforvisitorstothezoo.

B.Latecomerswillbegrantedentrytothenexttour.

C.Aminimumoffourpeoplearepermittedoneachtour.

D.Thetourtakesplacewhenthezooisclosedtothepublic.

（C）

Afewyearsago,CharlesBarkleygotintoalotoftroubleformakingtheobservationthat

sportsfiguresdidn'tneedtoberolemodels.Thousandsoffansandprofessionaljournalistswere

crossatthisattackonthefundamentalprinciplethatthepersonwhojumpshighestmustaimhighest,

andthepersonwhohandlestherunningbackmustalsobeabletodealwithlife'sproblemswith

graceaswell.

Theproblemisnotthatwelooktothesepeopleforperfectionwhentheytakeofftheir

uniforms.It'sthatweexpectanyonetobeourrepresentativesforperfection.That'sstupidandit

makestherestofusdownherelazy.

Igettheimportanceofhavingheroes,thepeoplewhoinspireustocultivatethebestpotential

withinusandnurtureourbetterangels.Ipersonallyhavemanyheroes,frommymother,Lucy,to

myfavoritelawprofessor,Howard.Butthesearepersonalcontacts,peoplewhohaveactually

touchedmyhandandmyheart,andwhooccupyapedestal（基座）builtofmyownexperiencesand

aspirations.Tolookatanathleteoranactresswithhighsalaryanddemandthatheorshematchour

dreamsisnotonlyawasteoftime,butit'sdangerous.Thedangercomesinhowthistypeofhero

worshipdehumanizesboththeobjectofaffectionandthepersonwhoblindlyadores.Thatwas

Barkley'spoint,notthatweshouldgivepublicfiguresapassforbeingfaultybutthatweshouldn't

abandonourownmoralcompassesandlooktothemfortruenorth.

RecentlyonatelevisionprogramIparticipatedin,thediscussionturnedtoKathleenKane.

Someonesuggestedthatthefactthatthefirstfemaleattorneygeneral（首席檢察官）in

Pennsylvaniawasreallymessingthingsupcouldhaveunfortunateconsequencesforwomen

seekingelectedoffice.IofferedtheopinionthatKanewasunquestionablycriticizedandthatitwas

nothatredtowardswomanbutincompetenceattherootoftheattacks.Aftertheshowaired,Ihad

peopleemailingtotellmethatIwaseitheratraitor（叛徒）forpubliclyattackingafellowfemale

whenweneedtostandtogetherbehindthis"rolemodel”,orafoolfornotgoingastepfurtherto

saythatthisincompetentlawyerhadmadeitharderforallwomentomovetothenextlevel.

Howdepressing!Whyshouldtheinferiorperformanceofonewomanleadtosuchdiversebut

passionateviewsinpeople?Theanswerisobvious:Kanehasstoppedbeinganattorneygeneralbut

hasinsteadbecomeTheFirstFemaleAttorneyGeneral.Shecan'tjustmakeamistakeandpaythe

normalconsequences.

Ifwestoppedtryingtoliveourlivesthroughtheaccomplishmentsofpublicfigures,manyof

whomlookandsoundlikeus,we'dlearnhowtorecognizetheheroiccharacterofthosewemight

actuallyknow,andtheheroicpotentialwithinourselves.Or,perhaps,thehonestytoacceptour

ordinaryhumanity.

63.ManypeoplewereangrywithCharlesBarkleymainlybecause.

A.hebrokefundamentalprinciplesinlife

B.hewasnotgoodenoughtobearolemodel

C.hedoubtedtheperfectionofsomesportsfigures

D.hethoughtsportsfigurescouldhaveweaknesses

64.AccordingtoBarkley,whyisitdangeroustotakepublicfiguresasheroes?

A.Becausewemayletgoofourownmoralstandards.

B.Becauseanathleteoractresscannotmatchourdreams.

C.Becauseweblindlyadmirepublicfiguresfortheirfoults.

D.Becauseweshouldn'twastetimeimitatingpublicfigures.

65.FromthepassagewecaninferthatKathleenKanewas.

A.unfairlycriticizedduetobeingfemale

B.thefirstfemaleattorneygeneralintheUS

C.lessqualifiedthanthepublichadexpected

D.arolemodelforwomenseekingelectedoffice

66.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.BeOurRepresentativesforPerfection

B.ExplorationofOurOwnHeroicPotential

C.OurUnrealisticExpectationofPublicFigures

D.OurConventionalViewsofFemalePolitician

SectionC

Directions：Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Each

sentencecanheusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.

A.Thereisenoughevidencetosupportthemotivationalbenefitsthatresultfromcarefully

matchingpeopletojobs.

B.Forthosewhosejobsaresecure,payincreasesarerarelypossible.

C.Highachieversaremotivatedbyjobsthatarehighinindependenceandresponsibility.

D.Unfortunately,theyaretheonestheorganizationcanleastaffordtolose—thosewiththe

highestskillsandexperience.

E.Theanswertothatdependsonperceptionsofgoalacceptanceandtheorganization'sculture.

F.Managersmustbesure,therefore,thatemployeesfeelconfidentthattheireffortscanleadto

performancagoals.

MotivatingEmployeesunderUnfavourableConditions

Itisagreatdealeasiertomotivateemployeesinagrowingorganizationthanadecliningone.

Whenorganizationsareexpanding,promotionalopportunities,payrises,andtheexcitementof

beingassociatedwithadynamicorganizationcreatefeelingsofoptimism.Whenanorganizationis

shrinking,thebestandmostmobileworkersarelikelytoleavevoluntarily.67The

minoremployeesremainbecausetheirjoboptionsarelimited.

Morale（士氣）alsosuffersduringdecline.Peoplefeartheymaybethenexttobemade

unnecessary.Productivityoftensuffers,asemployeesspendtheirtimesharingrumoursand

providingoneanotherwithmoralsupportratherthanfocusingontheirjobs.68Pay

cuts,unheardofduringtimesofgrowth,mayevenbeimposed.Thechallengetomanagementis

howtomotivateemployeesundersuchspecialconditions.

69Forexample,ifthejobisrunningasmallbusinessoranautonomousunit

withinalargerbusiness,highachieversshouldbesought.Highachieverswilldobestwhenthejob

providesmoderatelychallenginggoalsandwherethereisindependenceandfeedback.

Theliteratureongoal-settingtheorysuggeststhatmanagersshouldensurethatallemployees

havespecificgoalsandreceivecommentsonhowwelltheyaredoinginthosegoals.Regardlessof

whethergoalsareachievableorwellwithinmanagement'sperceptionsoftheemployee'sability,if

employeesseethemasunachievabletheywillreducetheireffort.70

Sinceemployeeshavedifferentneeds,managersshouldusetheirknowledgeofeachemployee

topersonalizetherewardsoverwhichtheyhavecontrol.Someofthemoreobviousrewardsthat

managersallocateincludepay,promotionsandtheopportunitytoparticipateingoal-settingand

decision-making.

IV.SummaryWriting

Directions：Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinno

morethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

Ca