英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略課件

PPT文檔演模板英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略2023/9/29英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略Translation

of

discourse英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板What

is

the

discourse?Discourse

means

either

"written

orspoken

communication.

The

term

isoften

used

insemantics

and

discourse

analysis.漢語定義英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板篇章（text）是表達(dá)整體概念的語義單位。篇章是語言在交際中，特別是在書面交際中的對象和理想單位。它不只是一連串句子和段落的集合，而是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)完整、功能明確的語義統(tǒng)一體。（陳宏薇）篇章翻譯是指高于句子層次或句以上的語言單位的翻譯。（王治奎）篇章特征英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板篇章它具有形式和邏輯的一致性。語篇并非是互不關(guān)聯(lián)的句子的簡單堆積，而是一些意義相聯(lián)系的句子為達(dá)到一定交際目的，通過各種銜接手段而實(shí)現(xiàn)的有機(jī)結(jié)合。（一）A

Comparison

BetweenChinese

Discourse

and

EnglishDiscourse英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1.The

Similarities1.1

Cohesion(銜接）(cohesive

devices)It

concerns

how

the

actual

words

we

hear

orsee

are

mutually

connected

within

a

sequence.（詞匯上的銜接關(guān)系）1.2

Coherence（連貫性）(coherent)It

concerns

the

ways

in

which

thecomponents

of

the

textual

wordaremutually

accessible

and

relevant.(distribute

knowledge

or

attain

a

object)（意義上的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系）英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板2.

TheDifferences2.1

Chinese

Discourse→Inductive（歸納性的）

→SpiralEnglish Discourse

→Deductive（演繹性的）→Straight英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板他出生在這一類人中間，出生在這種地方，他還有這樣的母親，這些要是讓他知道的話，他會(huì)多么丟人。

He

knew

how

ashamed

he

would

have

been

if

she

had

known

his

mother

andthe

kind

of

place

in

which

he

was

born,and

the

kind

of

people

among

whom

hewas

born.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板2.2

Parataxis

VS

HypotaxisChinese

discourse-----parataxis(意合）English

discourse-------Hypotaxis(形合）Example(1)牡丹江水，洶涌澎湃，萬馬奔騰，一瀉千里。Translation:

Waves

upon

waves,

the

PeonyRiver

rushed

violently

down

its

long

courselike

a

horse

galloping.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板2.3

Subject

consciousness

VS

ObjectconsciousnessChinese

discourse---Subjectconsciousness(主體意識）---person

assubject（主語）English

discourse----Objectconsciousness（客體意識）----Thing

assubject英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板General

principles英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板英漢語篇在結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)和邏輯關(guān)系上相似時(shí)，一般可以采用“臨摹”的辦法，按照源語的發(fā)展思路，在譯語中復(fù)制或基本照搬源語行文的建構(gòu)方式。這種方法稱作“邏輯順組”（logic

copying）。由于漢英在語言結(jié)構(gòu)，語篇銜接模式，邏輯層次等方面存在很大的差異，漢英互譯時(shí)往往需要進(jìn)行“邏輯重組”(logicreshuffling)(二）銜接與連貫(cohesion

and

coherence

)英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1

cohesionHalliday

&

Hasan

在Cohesion

in

English中將英語的銜接手段分成五大類照應(yīng)reference替代substitution省略ellipsis詞匯銜接lexical

cohesion連接conjunction英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1.1

reference(照應(yīng)）Personal reference(人稱照應(yīng)）人稱照應(yīng)是通過人稱代詞(如they,she,him

等）、所屬限定詞（如his,your,its

等）,和所屬代詞（hers,theirs，mine

等）和冠詞指示代詞來實(shí)現(xiàn)。英語人稱代詞以及相應(yīng)的限定詞的使用率大大高于漢語。英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板為了銜接緊密增譯代詞和冠詞孔乙己是站著喝酒而穿長衫的唯一的人。他身材高大；青白臉色，皺紋間時(shí)常夾些傷痕；一部亂蓬蓬的花白

的胡子。穿的雖然是長衫，可是又臟又破，似乎十多

年沒有補(bǔ)，也沒有洗。（《孔乙己》）Kong

was

the

only

long-gowned

customer

todrink

his

wine

standing.

He

was

a

big

man,strangely

pallid,

with

scars

that

often

showedamong

the

wrinkles

ofhis

face.

He

had

a

largeunkempt

beard,

streaked

with

white.

Althoughhe

wore

a

long

gown,

it

was

dirty

and

tattered,and

looked

as

if

it

had

not

been

washed

ormended

for

over

ten

years.

(Tr.

Yang

Xianyi

&Gladys

Yang)英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板每年農(nóng)歷十二月二十以后，海島上

的居民便開始進(jìn)入過年倒計(jì)時(shí)。先

搞衛(wèi)生，撣去一年塵土。接著準(zhǔn)備

食品，做年糕，炒倭豆、炒番薯片、打米花糖。二十五、二十六起，家

家戶戶開始“謝年”：祀祖先。英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板Every

year

after

the

20th

of

the

lunar

12thmonth,

inhabitants

on

the

island

would

starttheir

countdown

on

the

Spring

Festival.

They

would

sweep

their

houses

clean,

flickeringevery

bit

of

dust

off

the

furniture.

Afterthatthey

begin

to

prepare

various

foods:

steamedNew

Year

cakes,

fried

beans,

fired

sweetpotato

chips,

and

baked

rice

cookies.

On

the25th

and

26th

of

the

month,

households

starttheir

“New

Year

Thanks-giving”

rites

to

payhomage

to

their

ancestors.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1.2

Substitution(替代）Substitution

could

be

found

in

Chineselanguage

and

English

Language,

butcomparatively,

it

is

used

morefrequently

in

English

Language.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板甲：瑪麗學(xué)近代文學(xué)，不學(xué)近代語言學(xué)。乙:她學(xué)近代歷史么？A：Mary

studies

modern

literature

anddoesn’t

do

modern

linguistics.B：Does

she

do

modern

history?英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1.3

ellipsisChinese

--------repetitionEnglish---------ellipsis近朱者赤，近墨者黑。Association

with

the

good

canonlyproduce

good,

with

the

wicked,

evil.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板閱讀訓(xùn)練人的眼睛，說話訓(xùn)練人的口齒，寫作訓(xùn)練人的思維。Reading

exercises

one’s

eyes;

speaking,

one’s

tongue;

while

writing,

one’smind..英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1.4

lexical

cohesion(詞匯銜接）Chinese--------lexical

repetition（詞匯重復(fù)）English----------Semanticrepetition（語義重復(fù)or

relative

pronoun）英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1）每年有2000多個(gè)等待器官移植的病人瀕于死亡……（人體）器官的短缺非常嚴(yán)重。More

than

2，000

patients

are

dyingannually

while

waiting

fortransplant,…The

shortage

oforgans

isso

serious英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板2)這個(gè)時(shí)候他來了，而這時(shí)我根本想不到他會(huì)來。He

came

at

a

time

when

I

least

expected

him.3)那是一個(gè)寒冷潮濕的晚上，這樣的晚上大部分人呆在家里。It

was

one

of

those

cold,

wet

evenings

when

most

people

stay

indoors.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1.5

conjunction連接成分本身就具有明確含義，通過在語篇中使用這類連接性詞語，“人們可以了解子句之間的語義聯(lián)系，甚至可經(jīng)前句從邏輯上預(yù)見后續(xù)句的語義。（胡壯麟，1994：92）英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系：also,too,furthermore,besides,moreover,in

addition,what

ismore…表示因果關(guān)系：because,for.For

this

reason.Since,as

a

result,thus,therefore,so,consequently,of

course,accordingly…表示文章意義的轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ龋篴lthough,however,on

the

contrary,still,but,otherwise,despite,nevertheless,though,infact,on

the

other

hand,as

a

matter

of

fact…英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板表示文章中事件發(fā)生的時(shí)空順序：first,

second,third…

after

this/that,

meanwhile,

suddenly,and

so

on,

then,

before,

next,

formerly,

later,finally

in

the

end,

at

last…表示列舉：firstly,secondly…,for

one

thing…,for

another;first

of

all,to

begin

with,then,last,

in

conclusion,

last

of

all,

to

conclude…表示舉例、解釋：for

example,for

instance,thatis,namely,to

illustrate…表示總結(jié)：in

short,to

sum

up,in

conclusion,briefly,on

the

whole,to

conclude,tosummarize…英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板本人在香港創(chuàng)業(yè)二十余年，歷盡艱辛，雖在事業(yè)上略有成就，但也飽嘗人世間的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨。每次回鄉(xiāng)總是得到家鄉(xiāng)各級領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的熱情接待，心頭總有一種溫馨的感受，一種到家的感覺。?英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板It

has

been

more

than

20

years

since

Istarted

my

career

in

Hong

Kong,

whereI

have

weathered

through

varioushardships

.

My

modest

achievements

inbusiness

also

go

alongwithmultitudinous

pains

and

tears.

As

aresult,

every

time

when

I

return

to

myhometown,

where

I

am

givenwarmreceptions

by

the

local

governmentleaders,

my

heart

will

be

over

flownwith

tenderness

and

affection,

for

itgives

me

a

feeling

of

home.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板Reference指稱2)Reference

is

greatly

encouragedtouse

in

English

discourse.

But

it

isseldom

adopted

in

Chinese

discourse.他雙手插進(jìn)口袋，然后聳了聳肩。He

put

his

hands

into

his

pockets

andthen

shrugged

his

shoulders.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板名落孫山孫山，滑稽才子也。赴舉時(shí)，鄉(xiāng)人托以子偕往。榜發(fā)，鄉(xiāng)人子失意，山綴榜先歸。鄉(xiāng)人問其子得失，山曰：“解名盡處是孫山，賢郎更在山外?！庇h互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板名落孫山：A

name

after

the

last

one

on

thelist.孫山，滑稽才子也:

Sunshan was

atalentedscholar

known

for

his

sense

of

humour赴舉時(shí)，鄉(xiāng)人托以子偕往:

Sunshan

was

aboutto

set

off

to

sit

for an

imperial

civilexamination

at

the

country

level

when

avillager

came

to

ask

him

to

accompanywithhis

son

who

was

leaving

for

the

samepurpose.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板榜發(fā)，鄉(xiāng)人子失意，山綴榜先歸。When

the

list

of

successful

candidates

waspublished/

made

public,

the

villager’s

son

turned

outa

failure,

and

Sunshan’s

name

was,

by

good

fortune,the

last

one

on

the

list,

Sunshan

first

hurriedhomewith

glad

news.鄉(xiāng)人問其子的失，山曰The

villager

was

extremely

anxious

and

askedhimabout

his

son’s

fortune.

Sun

replied

suggestively

inverse.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板解名盡處是孫山，賢郎更在孫山外。”Sun

Shan

is

at

the

end

of

thename-list,your

worthy

son

comes

after

Sunsan.英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板（三）Translation

Techniques英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板1）如果靜思太久，覺得孤獨(dú)了，不妨翻開你可愛的書，書會(huì)使你輕松讓你充實(shí)。（2）在靜靜的空間里讀一本好書，如同冬日里圍坐一盆炭火與摯友談心。（3）平日，因工作太忙，或交際太繁，你難得與古今中外的智者交談。而今，你卻可以凝神傾聽他們的教誨了。在靜心的閱讀中，你的學(xué)識逐漸得到增

長。（6）你也可以依隨自己的愛好，去干任

何一件感興趣的事。（7）靜靜地聽一段音樂，專注地畫幾筆畫，認(rèn)真擺一盤殘局，甚至翻翻往日影集，想念一番遙遠(yuǎn)的朋友。（8）這些，無一不是人生的快樂。1）如果靜思太久，覺得孤獨(dú)了，不妨翻開你可愛的書，書會(huì)使你輕松讓你充實(shí)。（1）When

loneliness

comes

overyouas

a

result

of

too

much

thinking,

afavorite

book

will

ease

your

mind

andbroaden

your

horizons.點(diǎn)評：shift

of

perspective(視角轉(zhuǎn)化）,combination（合并),amplification(增詞）英漢互譯篇章翻譯原則與策略PPT文檔演模板2）在靜靜的空間里讀一本好書，如同冬日里圍坐一盆炭火與摯友談心。Reading

a

good

book

is

like

having

afire