高考英語復(fù)習(xí)主旨大意題-北京真題再現(xiàn)學(xué)案

高中主旨大意題真題再現(xiàn)宇晨期中考試-細(xì)節(jié)題分析宇晨期中考試-細(xì)節(jié)題分析高中主旨大意題真題再現(xiàn)宇晨期中考試-細(xì)節(jié)題分析宇晨期中考試-細(xì)節(jié)題分析一、 題型識別1.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,welearnthat .Thelastparagraphmainlydealswith .WhatcanweconcludefromParagraph2?二、 答題方法排除法：首先排除含有細(xì)范信息的選項；找出段落主旨句（一般是第一或第二句）或總結(jié)句,畫出關(guān)鍵詞；如果岀現(xiàn)以下三類信息，其后的句子才是主旨句：1） 讓步轉(zhuǎn)折詞although,but,however等；2） 對比類信息（時間對比、事物對比、觀點對比）；3） 表結(jié)果的連接詞so,thus,therefore等。如果全段都是細(xì)節(jié)或問題，那么主旨句可能有如下三種情況：1）上二段的段落主旨句或總結(jié)句（通常有代詞提示）;2） 下一段的段落主旨句或總結(jié)句（對問題的回答通常在下一段）；3） 考生根據(jù)細(xì)節(jié)信息自行概括。將主旨信息與選項進(jìn)行比對，找出同義轉(zhuǎn)述和改寫。三、 正確選項特征一定是段落主旨句或總結(jié)句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述和改寫。四、 錯誤選項特征段落暨里范的同義轉(zhuǎn)述和改寫；段落細(xì)節(jié)間的無關(guān)關(guān)聯(lián)；未提及的新信息；極端詞選項,如never,only,比較級或最高級等?！纠}1】2019北京卷DBytheendofthecentury,ifnotsooner,theworld'soceanswillbebluerandgreenerthankstoawarmingclimate,accordingtoanewstudy.Attheheartofthephenomenonlietinymarinemicroorganisms（海洋微生物）calledphytoplankton.Becauseofthewaylightreflectsofftheorganisms,thesephytoplanktoncreatecolorfulpatternsattheoceansurface.Oceancolorvariesfromgreentoblue,dependingonthetypeandconcentrationofphytoplankton.Climatechangewillfuelthegrowthofphytoplanktoninsomeareas,whilereducingitinotherspots,leadingtochangesintheocean'sappearance.?Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?Thevariouspatternsattheoceansurface.Thecauseofthechangesinoceancolor.Thewaylightreflectsoffmarineorganisms.Theeffortstofuelthegrowthofphytoplankton.【答案】B解析：第一段只有一句話，因此這句話就是主旨句。其中thanksto（多虧……）表原因，即因為全球氣候變暖，全世界海洋的顏色都將會變得更藍(lán)、更綠。本題考查兩段話的主旨，但利用做題技巧，第一段唯一的一句話必然和第二段的主旨有交集。因此，考生做題時可以直接根據(jù)第一段的語義來選答案B。第二段的主旨句不是第一句，因為最后一句話出現(xiàn)了表結(jié)果leadto。所以最后一句才是主旨句，即氣候變暖會使特定區(qū)域藻類的生長速度此消彼長，從而導(dǎo)致海水外觀改變。【答案】C解析：本段沒有轉(zhuǎn)折和因果信息，因此第一句就是主旨句，即斯坦福大學(xué)的認(rèn)知科學(xué)家認(rèn)為孩子無法習(xí)得顏色詞匯的原因可能和這些詞匯在英語中的使用方式相關(guān)，所以答案選C?！纠}2】2020朝陽期末C【答案】C解析：本段沒有轉(zhuǎn)折和因果信息，因此第一句就是主旨句，即斯坦福大學(xué)的認(rèn)知科學(xué)家認(rèn)為孩子無法習(xí)得顏色詞匯的原因可能和這些詞匯在英語中的使用方式相關(guān)，所以答案選C。Cognitive（認(rèn)知）scientistsatStanfordUniversityinCaliforniasupposedthatchildren'sincompetenceatcolor-wordlearningmaybedirectlylinkedtothewaythesewordsareusedinEnglish.Theyareusedmostlyinpre-nominalposition（e.g."bluecup"）,incontrasttopost-nominalposition（e.g.“Thecupisblue.”）.Thedifficultychildrenhavemaysimplycomedowntothechallengeofhavingtomakepredictionsfromcolorwordstotheobjectstheyreferto,ratherthanfromtheobjectstothecolorwords.?WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?Topresentaphenomenon.Tomakeacontrast.Togiveapossibleexplanation.Toprovideanexample.Passage1（2017北京卷D）Hollywood'stheorythatmachineswithevil（邪惡）mindswilldrivearmiesofkillerrobotsisjustsilly.Therealproblemrelatestothepossibilitythatartificialintelligence（Al）maybecomeextremelygoodatachievingsomethingotherthanwhatwereallywant.In1960awell-knownmathematicianNorbertWiener,whofoundedthefieldofcybernetics（控制論）,putitthisway："Ifweuse,toachieveourpurposes,amechanicalagencywithwhoseoperationwecannoteffectivelyinterfere（干預(yù)），wehadbetterbequitesurethatthepurposeputintothemachineisthepurposewhichwereallydesire.”Paragraph1mainlytellsusthatartificialintelligencemay .runoutofhumancontrolsatisfyhuman'srealdesirescommandarmiesofkillerrobotsworkfasterthanamathematicianPassage2（2013北京卷A）TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideofEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?TheheatoftheEP.ThesafetyoftheEP.TheappearanceoftheEP.ThematerialoftheEP.Passage3（2013北京卷C）Thephenomenonoftrackingcelebritieshasbeenaroundforages.Inthe4thcenturyB.C.,paintersfollowedAlexandertheGreatintobattle,hopingtopicturehisvictoriesforhisadmirers.WhenCharlesDickensvisitedAmericainthe19thcentury,hisold-outreadingsattractedthousandsof:ans,leadinghimtocomplain（抱怨）abouthislackofprivacy.Tabloidsofthe1920sand1930sranarticlesaboutfilm-starsinmuch:hesamewaythatmoderntabloidsandwebsitesdo.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Greatheroesofthepastweregenerallyadmired.B.Theproblemfacedbycelebritieshasalonghistory.C.Well-knownactorsareusuallytargetsoftabloids.D.Worksofpopularwritersoftenhavealotofreaders.Passage4（2012北京卷D）LeeLane,avisitingfellowattheHudsonInstitute,takestheopposingview.Heacknowledgesthatwildernessesdoprovideusefulservices,suchaswaterconservation.Butthatisnot,heargues,areasontoavoidallhumanpresence,orindeedcommercialandindustrialexploitation.ThereareevermorepeopleontheEarth,andtheyreasonablyandrightfullywanttohavebetterlives,ratherthanmerelystruggleforsurvival.Whilethewaysofusingresourceshaveimproved,thereisstillagrowingneedforrawmaterials,andsomewildernessescontaintheminabundance.Iftheycanbetappedwithoutreducingtheservicesthosewildernessesprovide,theargumentgoes,thereisnofurtherreasonnottodoso.Beinguntouchedisnot,initself,acharacteristicworthvaluingaboveallothers.?WhatisthemainideaofParagraph3?A.Theexploitationisnecessaryforthepoorpeople.B.Wildernessescannotguaranteebetteruseofrawmaterials.C.Usefulservicesofwildernessesarenotthereasonfornoexploitation.D.Allthecharacteristicsconcerningtheexploitationshouldbetreatedequally.Passage5（2021門頭溝一模B）AsBrahmexplained,ifyoubreakdownthecharacter"wu",itconsistsoftwocharacters:Oneis“ge",meaningdagger-axe;theotheris"zhi”，meaningtostop.So,themeaningofmartialartsinChineseisnotthe“artoffighting”，aconceptthatmanypeopletakeforgranted.Onthecontrary,hesaid,kungfuistheartofstoppingfighting.?WhatdoesParagraph2reallywanttotellus?Thecharacter"ge”means“tostop”.Kungfuisthe“artofnon-violence”.Thecharacter"wu”consistsoftwocharacters.MartialartsinChinesemeansthe“artoffighting".Passage6（2021石景山一模C）> Portcitiesbecomeindustrial,financialandservicecentersandpoliticalcapitalsbecauseoftheirwaterconnectionsandtheurbanconcentrationwhichdrawstoitrailways,highwaysandairroutes.Watertransportmeanscheapaccess,thechiefbasisofallportcities.Manyoftheworld'sbiggestcities,forexample,London,NewYork,Shanghai,TokyoandSanFranciscobeganasports-thatis,withland-seaexchangeastheirmajorfunction.Althoughtheirportfunctionsarenolongerdominantnow,theyremaindifferentkindsofplacesfromnonportcitiesandtheirportfunctionsaccountforthatdifference.WhichwouldbethebestheadingforParagraph3?Goodports,hugeprofitcentersOnceaportcity,alwaysaportcityWatertransport,basisofportcitiesPortfunctions,afeatureofbigcitiesPassage7（2021西城期末A）.WhatAreWeTalkingAbout?It'scalledtheMozzyJFBkWatch.Itisastylishandcomfortablebandthatinstantlybringspeaceofmind,foritkeepsthoseannoyingmosquitoesaway.Itismadeofahardenedceramicmaterial,soitisverytoughandalmostunbreakable.Buthowthisdeviceprotectsyouagainstannoyinginsectsistrulyamazing... MozzyWatchusesultrasonicsoundstorepel（驅(qū)除）mosquitoesandflies!Theseultrasonicfrequenciesarecompletelyharmlesstohumansandpets.Atfirst,wewereskepticalabouthowthisdevicecouldworkwithouttheuseofchemicals.So,wedecidedtotestitandtheresultswereamazing.EveryoneonourteamexperiencedwonderfulresultsafterusingMozzyWatch.?WhichwouldbethebestheadingforParagraph2?A.WhyDoWeNeedMozzyWatch?B.WhoAreSuitabletoWearMozzyWatch?C.HowDoesMozzyWatchWorktoProtectYou?D.HowDidOurTeamDotheTestonMozzyWatch?Passage8（2021西城期末C）IncooperationwithateamfromMIT,heETHteamtestedtheirnew,TRAP-basedsearchalgorithmintwoseparateoceanexperimentsnearMartha'sVineyard,whichonthenortheasterncoastoftheUnitedStates.Workingfromthesamereal-timedataavailabletotheCoastGuard,theteamsuccessfullyidentifiedTRAPsintheregioninrealtime.Theyfoundthatbuoysandmanikins（浮標(biāo)和人體模型）throwninthewaterindeedquicklygatheredalongtheseemergingcurves."Ofseveralcompetingapproachestestednthisproject,thiswastheonlyalgorithmthatconsistentlyfoundtherightlocation,saysHaller.?Paragraph5mainlytalksabout .thecollectionofdatathetestingofthealgorithmtheidentificationoftheTRAPsthecooperationoftworesearchteamsPassage9（2021海淀期中C）Ofcourse,I’veheardargumentsagainstaskingcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbikes.Somepeoplemightsay,uLittlekidsridebikes.Wouldyourequireasix-year-oldridertotakeatestandpayafee?”O(jiān)bviously,thecitycoulddetermineanagewhencyclingcouldbeconsideredaumeansoftransportationonpublicroads”.Otherpeoplearguethatbicyclefeesareunfairbecausebikesdon'tdamagetheroadwaysascarsdo.Bicycleregistrationfeescouldbecomparativelymodest,andthemethodfordisplayingalicensenumbercouldbesimple.What