2023高考英語二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)與測試專題強(qiáng)化練十一詞句猜測題-代詞指代類

專題強(qiáng)化練（十一）詞句猜測題——代詞指代類A（2022·南京市、鹽城市高三第一次模擬考試）Virtualrealitycanimprovethebrainactivitythatmaybecrucialforlearning，memoryandeventreatingAlzheimer'sdisease，astudyonratshasfound.Aftermonitoringtherats'brainactivity，researchersfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaLosAngelesdiscoveredtheelectricalactivityinaregionknownasthehippocampusneuronsdiffereddependingonwhethertheratswereplacedinreal-worldorVRenvironments.Thenewfindingsaresignificantasthehippocampusisaprimarydriveroflearningandmemoryinthebrain.Whenratswalkaroundinreallife，theelectricalactivityinthehippocampusappearstosynchronize（使同步）atarateofeightheartbeatspersecond.Heartbeatsatthisfrequencyaregenerallyknownas“theta（Θ）waves”，withstrongerΘwavesseemingtoimprovethebrain'sabilitytolearnandkeepsensoryinformation.WhenplacedinaVRenvironment，therats'Θwavesbecomestronger.“Itturnsoutthatamazingthingshappenwhentheratsareinvirtualreality，”saidProfMayankMehtafromUCLA.ThescientistsalsofoundthatVRenvironmentscouldchangedifferentelectricalrhythms（節(jié)律）indifferentpartsoftheneurons，whichindicatesthatscientistsmaybeabletocontrolhumanbrainrhythms.“Thisisanewtechnologythathasgreatpotential，”Mehtasaid.ThestudyalsoindicateswhyVRmaystimulatetheseuniquebrainwaves.Abigpartofit，Mehtaputs，maybedowntotheverydifferentsetofstimulipresentedinVR.Imaginethatyou'reapproachingadoorwayinreallife.Youreyesseethedoorgettinglarger.Buthowdoyouknowthatyou'removingforwardandthedoorisn'tcomingtoyou？Theansweristhatyourbrainusesinformationsuchastheaccelerationofyourheadthroughspaceortheshiftofweightfromonefoottotheother—informationthatmaynotbepresentduringaVRexperience.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究員將老鼠置于真實(shí)世界和虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中，監(jiān)測老鼠的海馬體神經(jīng)元的腦電活動(dòng)。研究員發(fā)現(xiàn)，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境能夠增強(qiáng)對學(xué)習(xí)、記憶力甚至治愈老年癡呆癥至關(guān)重要的腦部活動(dòng)。1.Accordingtothepassage，whyarethenewfindingsimportant？A.VR'scontributionstolearninghavefinallybeenidentified.B.VRcanaffecttheelectricalactivityinthehippocampusneurons.C.VRproducesthesameeffectsonbrainsasrealenvironments.D.VRislikelytobecomeanotherdriveroflearningandmemory.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)老鼠在真實(shí)世界走動(dòng)時(shí)，其海馬體的電活動(dòng)以每秒8個(gè)脈沖的速度同步活動(dòng)，這個(gè)頻率的心跳被稱為Θ波。更強(qiáng)的Θ波似乎能提高大腦學(xué)習(xí)和保留感覺信息的能力，而在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)環(huán)境中，老鼠的Θ波變得更強(qiáng)。由此可見，新發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要性在于VR可以影響海馬神經(jīng)元的電活動(dòng)。答案：B2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthetawaves？A.Theydon'trespondtodifferentbrainrhythms.B.Theyremainstableindifferentenvironments.C.Theyaffecthowhumanperceiveknowledge.D.Theyhavelittletodowiththerateofheartbeats.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Heartbeatsatthis...keepsensoryinformation”可知，此頻率的心跳被稱為“Θ波”，它可提高大腦的學(xué)習(xí)能力和保留感覺信息的能力。由此可推知，“Θ波”影響人類認(rèn)知知識的程度。答案：C3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5referto？A.Thepotentialofthenewtechnology.B.Thecontrolofhumanbrainrhythms.C.Thechangeindifferentpartsofneurons.D.Thestimulationoftheuniquebrainwaves.解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thestudyalso...uniquebrainwaves”可知，這項(xiàng)研究還表明了為什么虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)可能刺激這些獨(dú)特的腦波。由此可推知，Mehta發(fā)現(xiàn)，一大部分“對腦波的刺激”可能依賴于虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)中的刺激物。故it指代“對腦波的刺激”。答案：D4.HowdoestheauthorintroduceVR'sdifferentsetofstimuli？A.Byconductingfurthertestsonrats.B.Bycomparingdifferentenvironments.C.Byprovidingadetailedanalysis.D.ByexplainingthetheoryofVR.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，在真實(shí)世界中，人的肉眼看到大門越來越大，知道自己是在向前走去，而非大門向自己走來。這種情況是靠人腦使用了頭在空中的加速度信息，或者通過一只腳到另一只腳重量的轉(zhuǎn)換信息。由此可推知，作者是通過比較不同的環(huán)境來介紹虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)的不同刺激物。答案：BB（2022·廣東高三模擬）AtopmotorshowopenedonTuesdaywithexhibitorsdisplayingtheirlatestinnovationsinelectriccarsinMunich，whereAngelaMerkelsaidtheindustryshouldbepartofthesolutiontoclimatechange.Attheopeningceremonyofthe2021InternationalMotorShowGermany，MerkeltalkedabouthowtheGermanautoindustrywasunwillingtogointothedevelopmentofelectriccarsseveralyearsago，andonlyregardedthemasconceptcars.Shethentalkedaboutthehugeprogresstowardelectriccarsinthelastfewyears.“Iampleasedthatitisnowunmistakablethatthetrendistowardelectriccars，”saidMerkel.Shecautionedagainstfocusingonlyonbattery-poweredcars，sayingcarmakersshouldalsoexploreotheravailableenergysuchashydrogen.“Themotorindustryisnotjustpartoftheclimateproblem，butaboveeverythingelse，acentralpartofthesolution.”AccordingtotheDigitalAutoReport2021，climatechangehasmadeabigdifferencetomobilityworldwide.Itfoundthemajorityofpeoplearewillingtochangetheirpersonalmobilitybehaviourinordertoreducecarbondioxideemissions（排放物），with70percentofrespondentsinGermany，97percentinChinaand52percentintheUnitedStatesinfavourofreducingtheircarbonfootprint.SwitchingtoanelectricvehicleisthepreferredmeasureforachievingthisgoalinChinaandintheUS，whileGermanswouldliketodomorewalkingorcycling.However，inlightofthewidespreadvirus，manypeopledon'ttravelbybusorsubwayasusual.Thisprovidesgreatopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofthemotorindustry.Thoughindustrialleadersareadvertisingtheirideaforelectriccarsandtheirsustainability，environmentalistsarenothappywiththat.Localpolicehadexpectedtherewouldbe60，000peopleonSaturdaytoprotestagainsttheshow.Ontheopeningday，activistswereseenholdingbanners（橫幅）andhangingthemfrombridgesabovemotorways，withwords“Stopdrivingclimatechange”.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章圍繞德國國際車展展開，以此來分析汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展趨勢、發(fā)展原因以及環(huán)保人士對此的看法。5.WhatdoesMerkelexpecttheGermanmotorindustrytodo？A.Explorealternativeenergysources.B.Beawareofthefunctionofconceptcars.C.Concentrateonbattery-poweredcars.D.Becautiousaboutdevelopingelectriccars.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shecautionedagainstfocusingonlyon...exploreotheravailableenergysuchashydrogen”可知，默克爾希望汽車行業(yè)不要只關(guān)注由電池驅(qū)動(dòng)的汽車，也應(yīng)該探索其他像氫氣這樣的可替代能源。答案：A6.Whatdoes“This”underlinedinParagraph3referto？A.TheChineseturningtoelectriccars.B.ThebigmobilitychangeinAmerica.C.TheGermans'preferenceforcycling.D.Thelowdemandforpublictransport.解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However，inlightofthewidespreadvirus，manypeopledon'ttravelbybusorsubwayasusual”可知，由于病毒，許多人都不像往常那樣乘坐公共汽車或者地鐵出行了，也就是說人們對公共交通的需求少了，這為汽車行為的發(fā)展提供了機(jī)遇。答案：D7.Whatistheenvironmentalists'attitudetowardthedevelopmentofelectriccars？A.Doubtful. B.Cautious.C.Unfavourable. D.Positive.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“environmentalistsarenothappywiththat”和“activistswereseenholdingbanners（橫幅）...‘Stopdrivingclimatechange’”可知，環(huán)保主義者對電動(dòng)汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展持不贊成的態(tài)度。答案：C8.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.ClimateChangeLeadstoDownwardMobilityB.GermanMotorShowFocusesonCleanFutureC.ClimateChangeRestructurestheMotorIndustryD.GermanMotorShowDisplaystheNewestModels解析：主旨大意題。文章首段介紹了在德國國際車展上，參展商展示了他們在電動(dòng)汽車方面的最新發(fā)明。第二段引用默克爾在車展上的講話，揭示了電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展趨勢，緊接著第三段作者分析了電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展的原因，最后一段介紹了環(huán)保人士對此的看法。答案：BCAnyonewantingtohelpthepoormaylikethisidea—recyclingaluminumcansinadifferentway，whichisapparentlyalsogoodfortheenvironment.Soyou'reactuallykillingtwobirdswithonestone.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatrecyclingaluminumcanscansaveresources，energy，timeandmoney.Peopleusuallysaveandplacealuminumcansinthedustbins，whicharethencollectedandtakenawaybycleaners，whowillfinallyrecyclethemintherecyclingcentre.Butifyousavethealuminumcans，andskipthecleaners，youcansavethesesamecansforsomethingmoreimportant—helpingthepoor.Inotherwords，bydoingless，youaregivingtheenvironmentalcausesomenewsignificance.Hereishowtoputthisideaintoaction.Takeyouraluminumcansandplacetheminaplasticbag.Forthedirtyones，rinsethemoutfirst.Storethebagofcleanaluminumcans.Onceyoucollectaboutonehundredcansormore，takethecanstotherecyclecentreyourself.Thereareabouteighteenaluminumcansinapound.Andyoucanreceivethreetofourdollarsforonehundredcans.Donateyourthreetofourdollarstothepoororanycharityorganizationofyourchoice.Bynow，youmaywonderifyourfewdollarshavereallymadeadifferencetothepoor.Considerthis：Isthereanyindividualoranyspecificeventthatisgreatenoughtochangetheworldordecidethedirectionthathistorytakes？Theanswerisprobablyno.Whatiftherewerealotofpeoplewhowoulddothesamething？Historyshowsnothingbutthecollectivewillofthewholecommunity.Andthatwillsurelybepowerfulenoughtomakeabiggerdifference.Gotoyourcommunityoryourschoolandspreadyouridea.Shareyourideaandsaveyouraluminumcanswithotherpeople.Onehundredpeoplecanspeaklouderthanone.Andthemoneyyoumakebysavingcanscanbemultipliedbyonehundredtimes.Andifmorepeoplejoininthecausearoundtheworld，anevenlargerdifferencecanbemade，andmorepeopleinneedwillenjoythebenefits.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何利用回收鋁罐來幫助貧困者，并呼吁更多的人加