Unit+5+Lesson+3+Understanding+課件【知識精研+拓展延伸】高中英語北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊

Unit5Education

Lesson3UnderstandingLearningobjectives01020304Icanread,spellanduse

newwords

andphrasesinthislesson.Icantalkabouthowtoacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstandinginthepastandatpresent.Iwillstrengthenmybeliefinfightingforknowledge.IcanunderstandcoherenceincontextbylearningSkillbuilder(therepetitionofkeytermsorphrases,theuseofsynonymsandantonyms,linkingwords,pronouns).【Checkyourpreview】1.______________adj.顯然的，明顯的；易理解的2.______________n.

分析3.______________n.

等級4.______________adj.

皇家的；王室的5.______________adj.

效率低的6.______________n.

假定，假設(shè)7.______________adj.

極其重要的，必不可少的8.________________adj.受尊敬的，受敬重的9.________________n.

智慧10.________________n.

文明11.________________n.

陰影12.________________哲學(xué)家

______________________觀察世界______________________搜索引擎______________________為某人辯護(hù)______________________往往會，傾向于______________________陳舊的觀點(diǎn)______________________首先；第一______________________靜止不動______________________贊成，認(rèn)可，承認(rèn)______________________被認(rèn)為是______________________有時

______________________把……歸功于______________________傳統(tǒng)思想obviousanalysisrankroyalinefficientassumptionvitalrespectedcivilizationwisdomshadowphilosopherobservetheworldsearchenginecometoone’sdefencetend

toprimitiveideasatfirststand

stillapprove

ofbeknownasattimesowe……toconventional

thoughtActivateandshareHesaidtheEarthwasnotthecenteroftheUniverse.HesaidtheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hesaidtwoobjectsofdifferentweightwouldlandtogether.GalileoGalilei伽利略·伽利萊(1564-1642),anItalianphysicist（物理學(xué)家）,astronomer（天文學(xué)家）,andoneofthefoundersofmodernexperimentalscience.——伽利略·伽利萊Alltruthsareeasytounderstandoncetheyarediscovered;thepointistodiscoverthem.所有的真理一旦被發(fā)現(xiàn)就很容易理解；關(guān)鍵是要發(fā)現(xiàn)它們.

FrancisBacon(1561-1626)弗朗西斯·培根anEnglishphilosopher,isthefounderofBritishmaterialismandmodernexperimentalscience.Whoquestionsmuch,shalllearnmuch,andremembermuch.——弗蘭西斯·培根多問，多學(xué)，多得。Plato

is

dear

to

me,

but

dearer

still

is

truth。.

-----亞里士多德AristotleisaGreekphilosopher.Heisthefounderoftheschoolofphilosophy.Hehasbeencalledthe“FatherofWesternPhilosophy”.----吾愛吾師，吾更愛真理Tostartwith,weneed__________.Then,we_________________________________________.Afterthat,we________________________________________________ReadandexploreHowdopeopleacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstandingnow?(para1)

questions

observetheworldaroundusandstudythefactsconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightonesHowdidpeopleacquireknowledgeandachieveunderstandinginthepast?(para2-3)FrancisBaconGalileoGalileiAristotlePeopleinthe17thcenturyReadandexplorefeelingwrongrightWhydidtheyprefertheprimitiveideasratherthantruth?PrimitiveTruthmistakesReadparagraph4-5andexplore:Q1:Whatshouldwedowhenacquiringknowledge?Q2:Whatattitudeshouldwehavetowardsthegreatmanofthepast?Why?Galileo

ends

up

under

house

arrest(軟禁)

ReadandexploreWhatdoyouthinkthelastsentenceofthepassagemeans?Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.Ithinkthelastsentenceofthetextmeansthatknowledgeandunderstandingaremoreimportantthanmoney.Theyaremorehelpfulandusefulbecausetheycanguideourwaysoflearningabouttheworldandhelpussolveproblemsallthetimewhilemoneycanjustbuycertaingoodsandsolveproblemsforsometime.ReadandexploreUnderstandingCoherenceinContextSkillBuilderReadandexploreCoherenceinapieceofwritingreferstotheprinciplethatallparagraphs,sentencesorideasinitfittogethersowellthattheyformaunitedwhole.WhatisCoherence(連貫性)?UnderstandingCoherenceinContextSkillBuilderReadandexploreYesterdaymorning,Iwenttoabookstore.Allthefoodsontheshelfareveryfreshandcheap.Asmyothertooksomebeautifulpiecesoffurniturehome.WhenIcameoutofthemovietheatre,Ifoundithadsnowedintheafternoon.昨天早上，我去了書店。架子上的所有食物都很新鮮和便宜。因?yàn)槲覌寧Я撕芏嗥恋募揖呋丶摇．?dāng)我走出電影院，我發(fā)現(xiàn)中午下雪了。TheimportanceofCoherence?AnextremeexampleofanincoherentparagraphUnderstandingCoherenceinContextSkillBuilderReadandexploreUsefulcohesivedevices?Therepetitionofkeytermsorphrasesmakesmeaningcoherentinatext.Theuseofsynonymsandantonymshelpsenhancecoherenceinatext.Linkingwordssuchassince,so,afterwards,then,although,but,however,etc.canhelpconnectmeaningsinsentences.Pronounssuchashe,she,it,they,etc.helpcarrymeaningonintothenextpointinatext.

Findoutwhateachpronounreferstointhetext.Example

Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.(Para.1)ones=answers1....hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.(Para.2)he=________________2.Thiswascertainlynottheinterest...(Para.2)This=___________________3....whattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.(Para.2)they=____________________________________________thesearchforknowledgeFrancisBaconthechurchandmostpeople4.…theygrewangryandputhiminprison(Para.3)they=__________5.…thenitmustbeso.(Para.3)it=_____________6.Heisnowknownas…(Para.3)He=___________peopleassumptionGalileiReadandexploreItseemsobviousnowhowweacquireknowledgeandunderstanding.Tostartwith,weneedquestions.Then,tofindanswers,weobservetheworldaroundusandstudythefacts.Afterthat,weconsiderpossibleanswersandtesteachtofindtherightones.AlthoughtodaywearemoreusedtotypingafewkeywordsintoasearchengineandwaitingfortheInternettogiveusananswer,modernscientistsandthinkersarestillsolvingtheworld’sproblemswiththistypeofanalysis—luckilyforus.However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBacon(1561-1626)suggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.AlthoughBaconheldanimportantrankinKingJames’royalcourtofEngland,histrueinterestwasnottheday-to-day,slowandinefficientworkingstyleofthegovernment,buttheworthysearchforknowledge.Thiswascertainlynottheinterestofmostpeopleinhisdays.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinthechurchthaninfacts,andpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei(1564-1642),whoprovedtheideathat“theEarthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheir.Circlethelinkingwordsinthetextthatthewriterusedinordertoexpresshis/heropinioncoherently.Readandexplore

Thechurchandmanypeopletendedtoignorethefactsanddidn’twanttochallengewhattheyhadalwayscomfortablybelieved.Infact,whenGalileiprovedthattheEarthwasnotthecentreoftheuniverse,insteadofbelievinghim,peoplechosetobelieveviewsthatwerealmost2,000yearsold!ItisnotsurprisingthatpeoplewantedtobelievetheseprimitiveideasastheyhadbeenputforwardbythegreatphilosopherAristotle(384-322BCE).HesaidthattheEarthmustbethecentreoftheuniversebecauseitfeltliketheEarthwasstandingstill.Galileidisagreed.Atfirst,peopleapprovedofhisstudiesandurgedhimtocontinue,butlaterwhenheprovedAristotlewrong,theygrewangryandputhiminprison.Theydidn’twanttoabandonwhatthey’dalwaysthoughtastrue.Andthisisstilloftentruetoday.Peoplemaketheassumptionthatifsomeoneimportantandrespectedsaysthatsomethingisright,thenitmustbeso.ButeventhoughAristotlewasagreatmanwhoinspiredmanygreatscientistsandphilosophersafterhim,hewaswrongattimes.AndGalileialsomademistakes.HeisnowknownasthefatherofastronomybuthebelievedthattheEarthmovedroundthesuninaperfectcircle.Hewaswrong.

Therefore,ourunderstandingoftheworldaroundusisconstantlygrowingandchanging.Inotherwords,welearnmoreeverydayandnoneofuscaneversitbackandsay,“Weknowitall.”Weneedtothankthegreatmenofthepastfortheirwisdom.Theyunderstoodthatwedon’tknoweverythingandprobablyneverwill,asthiswouldmeanaworldwithquestions.WeowesomuchofourknowledgeandunderstandingoftheworldtopeoplelikeBaconandGalilei,whowerebraveenoughtostepoutfromtheshadowsofconventionalthoughtinordertofindthekingdomofknowledgethattoday’scivilisationisbuiltupon.Thesemenknewthatknowledgeandunderstandingarethingstofightfor;morevitaltoaman,andmorebeneficialtomankind,somemightsay,thanallthemoneyintheworld.InadditionAdditionallyBesidesApartfromthiswhat’smore···tobeginwith/initiallymeanwhile,while,during,then,afterthat,afterward(s),next

,finally,atlast,【Homework】Whydidthewriterwritethispassage?Writedownyouranswerandshareinclass.

Sentenceanalysis1.However,inthe17thcenturywhenFrancisBaconsuggestedthatthistypeofthinkingwasthewaytogainknowledge,hewasgoingagainsttheviewsoftheday.(para2)然而，在17世紀(jì)，當(dāng)弗蘭西斯.培根表示這種思考方式是獲取知識的途徑時，他背離了當(dāng)時的觀念。e.g.Hisexpressionsuggestedthathewasverytired.他的表情暗示出他很累。Shewentagainsthermother’swishes.她違背了母親的意愿。時間狀語從句暗示，表明,其后的賓語從句用陳述語氣違背，與…不符2.Atthattime,peoplebelievedmoreinreligionthaninfactsandpeoplelikeGalileoGalilei,who

provedscientificideassuchas“theearthisnotthecentreoftheuniverse”,wereoftenpunishedbythechurchwithnoonecomingtotheirdefence..(para2)那