部分語法講解虛擬

GrammarandusageUnrealconditionalsReadthefollowingsentences:

Ifmyhusbandhadn’tbeen

caughtintherain,hewouldnothavegotafever.NothingwouldhavehappenedtohimifhehadnotvisitedhisfriendonSaturday.

IfIwereyou,IwouldnothavevisitedthefriendonSaturday.Theverbformsintheabovesentencescanalsobecalledthesubjunctive.

whathasbeensaidinthesentencesisunreal.Canyousaythesentencesinanotherway,notusingtheunrealconditionals?

Myhusbandwascaughtintherain,sohegotafever.

HevisitedhisfriendonSaturday,sosomethinghappenedtohim.

Iamnotyou,soIvisitedthefriendonSaturday.Studythefollowingtable:從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞

would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實(shí)相反

動(dòng)詞過去式，should+動(dòng)詞原形，wereto+動(dòng)詞原形would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形Usethethreestructurestotranslatesomesentences.

如果我是一個(gè)學(xué)生，我將更加努力地學(xué)習(xí)。

IfIwereastudent,Iwouldstudymuchharder.如果你昨天去聽音樂會(huì)的話，你將會(huì)遇到她了。

如果明天下雨的話，會(huì)議將會(huì)推遲。Ifyouhadgonetotheconcertyesterday,youwouldhavemether.

Ifitrainedtomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Note:在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如：Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

Changethefollowingsentencesintotheirnormalorderandcomparethedifferencesbetweenthetwotypesofsentences.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoouting.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoouting.

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmysister.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmysister.Wereyoutotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.Ifyouweretotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.Note:虛擬條件句中值得注意問題：用介詞短語替代條件狀語從句，常見的短語有：with,without,butforWhatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(ifyouhadamilliondollars)Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp.Butfortherain(ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.注意一個(gè)句型：ifitwerenotfor/ifithadn’tbeenfor---without,butforIfitwerenotfortheexpense,wewouldgoabroadnow.Ifithadnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunk.-------Haditnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunk.Note:含蓄條件句：有時(shí)為了表達(dá)需要，不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替．Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutitAmanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedonetheworkmuchbetter.

1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.

Iftheboyhadn’tgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.

HadtheboynotgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingsubjunctivemood:2.Billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight.

IfBillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…

HadBillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…3.Themothercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebaby’sreach,andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit.

Ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.

Hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.4.Thestudentsgotfood-poisoningaftereatingthepotatoesinthedining-room.

Ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.

Hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.5.Theparentsputthethermosontheground.Theirsonkickeditandgotburnt.

Iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.

Hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.鏈接高考1．Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.(NMET200133)mustn'tleave B.shouldn'thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleft D.needn'tleave

2．—Howdoyou___wegotoBeijingforourholidays?(04福建)

—Ithinkwe’dbetterflythere.It’smuchmorecomfortable.

A．insist

B．want

C．suppose

D．suggest

3.Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I

itsomewhere.mustdrop B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedropping D.musthavebeendropped4.Elizarememberseverythingexactly

asifit___yesterday.(06全國(guó)I)washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened5._______fired,yourhealthcareand

otherbenefitswillnotbeimmediately

cutoff.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.MightyoubeConsolidation

I.Multiplechoice:1.IfI____wherehelived,I____anotetohim.knew,would B.hadknown,wouldhavesentC.know,wouldsend D.knew,wouldhavesent2.Maryisilltoday.Ifshe_____,she____

absentfromschool.werenotill;wouldn'tbe B.hadbeenill;wouldn'thavebeenC.hadbeenill;shouldhavebeen D.hadn'tbeenill;couldbe3.Ifyouhadenoughmoney,what________?willyoubuy B.wouldyoubuy C.wouldyouhavebought D.willyouhavebought4.WereItodoit,I________itsomeotherway.willdoB.woulddo C.wouldhavedoneD.weretodo5.I________himtheanswer________possible,butIwassobusythen.couldtell;ifithadbeen B.musthavetold;wereitC.shouldhavetold;haditbeen D.shouldhavetold;shoulditbe6.Youdidn'ttakehisadvice.________his

advice,you________suchamistake.Hadyoutaken;wouldn'thavemade B.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmake

C.Wereyoulotake;shouldn’thavemade

D.Haveyoutaken;wonthavemade7.----Ifhe_____,he______thatfood.----Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.

A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken8.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascomeB.didcome C.cameD.hadcome9.Janewouldneverhavegonetotheparty________thatMarywouldcometoseeher.

A.hassheknownB.hadsheknown C.ifsheknowD.ifshehasknown10.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber.____it,I____then.HadIknown,wouldringhimup B.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimupC.IfIknew;wouldringhimup D.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimupII.Translation:1.如果你聽了醫(yī)生的話，你早就恢復(fù)健康了。

Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.2．如果沒有虛擬語氣，英語將容易多了。

Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishwouldbemucheasier.3．如果她更加努力的話，她就成功了。

Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.4．萬一他不來，你將代替他。

Shouldhenotcome,youwouldtakehisplace.5．如果我是你，我將不回這個(gè)電話。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'treturnthecall.6.如果我的女兒不忙的話，她將會(huì)來幫助你。

Weremydaughternotsobusy,shewouldcometohelpyou.wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）Iwishhehadnotleft.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）wish+thatclausedid/werehaddone

would/might/could/dowish后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willAIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentCIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretoseeC

Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneAHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoingB-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveBTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachDWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenCTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereDThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.wouldA

HowIwishI_________suchagoodchancebefore.A.didn’tseeB.hadn’tmissedC.metD.havegotBIwishtherain_________stop.A.willB.wouldC.mayD.canBShesingsasifshe_________aboy.A.isB.wasC.wereD.areCWefeltasifwe_________eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowingC名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動(dòng)詞suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,requireetc.引導(dǎo)的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。

Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required,necessary,important,strange,natural,apity)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.

It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.

以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應(yīng)以

(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.WeallagreetohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoBeijingforsightseeing.

虛擬語氣在asif(asthough),evenif(even)用法Helooksasifhewereanartist.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.

其它用法１．Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句相當(dāng)于wish的賓語從句．IfonlyIwereaflyingbird.IfonlyIhadseenthefilm.2.Itishightimethat…….Itis(high)timethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.

3.Wish賓語從句中的省略形式------Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion?------IwishIhadIcan’tgotoSuzhouwithyou,butIwishIwould.Languagepointshabit:noun[CorU]

somethingthatyoudooftenandregularly,sometimeswithoutknowingthatyouaredoingit:

Ialwaysbuythesamebrandoftoothpastejustoutof(=becauseof)habit.

出于習(xí)慣我總是買相同品牌的牙膏.Iusedtoswimtwiceaweek,butIseemtohavegotoutof(=ended)thehabitrecently.

我過去一個(gè)星期游兩次泳,但最近我似乎戒除了這一習(xí)慣.2.sound:verb

1）soundgood/interesting/strange,etc.toseemgood/interesting/strange,etc.fromwhatissaidorwritten:

Yourjobsoundsreallyinteresting.你的工作聽起來真的很有趣.2）soundlike/asif/asthoughtoseemlikesomething,fromwhatissaidorwritten:

Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.

Itsoundslikeyou'vegotasorethroat.

Itsoundsasiftheyhadagoodholiday.

那聽起來象個(gè)好主意.聽起來你好象喉嚨疼.聽起來他們好象度過了一個(gè)愉快的假期.鏈接高考（2006湖北）

—Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiing