第4講 數(shù)詞【要點精講+專項演練】中考英語語法專項突破

中考英語語法全面精講第4講、數(shù)詞英語數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或者順序，可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞?；鶖?shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。基數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目的詞叫基數(shù)詞。1、英語中常用的基數(shù)詞有：123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a)hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveonehundredandone1000→one(a)thousand,10000→tenthousand,100000→onehundredthousand,1000000→onemillion,10000000→tenmillion,100000000→onehundredmillion,onebillion,1000000000108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,500→fivehundred(不加s),1,001→onethousandandone,1,813→onethousandeighthundredandthirteen.(1)百位與十位之間要加and；十萬位和萬位,億位和千萬位之間通常也要加and。(2)英語用千、百萬等單位計數(shù),大數(shù)字從右向左看,每隔三位劃一逗號,倒數(shù)第一個逗號之前要用thousand,倒數(shù)第二個逗號之前要用million,倒數(shù)第三的逗號之前要用billion表示。(3)hundred、thousand、million作數(shù)詞時,不用復(fù)數(shù),前面可以加上one,two,…等其它數(shù)詞。用作名詞時復(fù)數(shù)表示“成…上…”,后面必須要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等詞。如：fivehundred(五百),hundredsof(成百上千的),tenthousand(一萬),thousandsof(成千上萬的),millionsof(成百萬的Howtoreadbignumbers?23,456,342,456twenty-threebillionfourhundredandfifty-sixmillionthreehundredandforty-twothousandfourhundredandfifty-six23，456，23，456，342，456billionmillionthousand序數(shù)詞：表示順序的數(shù)詞叫序數(shù)詞。1、英語的序數(shù)詞基本變法：一般在基數(shù)詞后加th,(2)-ve結(jié)尾的改為-fth,(3)-ty結(jié)尾的改為-tieth,(4)熟記特殊詞。2、序數(shù)詞如下：1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th※first※second※thirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethonehundredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthonehundredandfirst1000th→onethousandth,1000000th→onemillionth.,第703→thesevenhundredandthird,第5,480→thefivethousandfourhundredandeightieth.注：(1)兩位以上的序數(shù)詞僅個位數(shù)部分用序數(shù)詞,其余部分仍用基數(shù)詞。如：thirty-sixth,(2)使用序數(shù)詞時一般加定冠詞the.如：I’minthethirdgrade.(3)序數(shù)詞作“幾分之幾”講時,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：1/5→onefifth;2/3→twothirds;4/7→foursevenths;1/2→ahalf;1/4→aquarter;3/4→threequarters;50%→fiftyhundredths(fiftypercent).數(shù)詞的用法：1、表示年份：2002:twothousandandtwo;1976:nineteenseventy-six.，1990s表示年代。2、表示日期：12月1日:Dec.1st或thefirstofDecember；2002年11月8日:Nov.8th,2002.3、表示時刻：5：15→fivefifteen或aquarterpastfive;8：30→eightthirty或halfpasteight;10：45→tenforty-five或aquartertoeleven.順讀法：11：38eleventhirty-eight逆讀法past,to順讀法：11：38eleventhirty-eight逆讀法past,to11:38twenty-twototwelve11:18eighteenpastelevenquarterhalfhalf4、表示編號：Room105→Roomone0five;BusNo.13→BusNumberThirteen;P.5→PageFive;Tel.No.7658659→TelephoneNumberseven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine，thefirstlesson=lessonone5、小數(shù)的讀法：5.7→fivepointseven,0.16→zeropointonesix.6、“半”的表達：1/2→half,半小時→halfanhour,1.5小時→oneandahalfhours或onehourandahalf.7、序數(shù)詞前面加the時,表示順序,加a/an時表示“再一、又一”。如：Thethirdlessonisratherdifficult.(第三課相當難)Shallwereadthetextathirdtime?(我們把課文讀第三遍,好嗎？)8、倍數(shù)的表達：(一倍用once，兩倍用twice，兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞＋times。如：5倍fivetimes)。ChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.數(shù)詞語法總結(jié)（思維導(dǎo)圖）英語表達規(guī)則英語表達規(guī)則基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞大數(shù)字讀法大數(shù)字讀法規(guī)則數(shù)詞規(guī)則數(shù)詞英語表達規(guī)則英語表達規(guī)則序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞分數(shù)讀法分數(shù)讀法數(shù)詞練習1．Wegaveaway________bookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.A.

sixthousands

B.

sixthousand

C.

sixthousandsof

D.

sixthousandof2．—___isthepopulationofChina,Jack?—Letmethinkforamoment,itisabout___.A.

Howmany;1,400million

B.

What;1,400millionC.

What;140million

D.

Howmany;140million3．Ourcountryis70yearsoldthisyear.Wewillcelebrateher_____birthdayonOct.1.A.

theseventieth

B.

seventieth

C.

theseventy

D.

seventy4．Two____________studentsarefromKorea.A.

hundredsof

B.

hundred

C.

hundreds

D.

hundredof5．Pleasepassme___bookontheright.A.

four

B.

fourth

C.

thefour

D.

thefourth6．Thereare

peopleinDale'sfamily.Theyliveonthe

floor.A.

five;nine

B.

fifth;nine

C.

five;ninth

D.

fifth;ninth7．Mostofthedoctorsinthishospitalwereborn________,andtheyare________now.A.

inthe1970;intheirfifties

B.

in1970s;inthefiftiethC.

inthe1970s;infiftieth

D.

inthe1970s;intheirfifties8．In2010,___________peoplefromallovertheworldcametoShanghaitoseetheWorldExpo.A.

tenmillionof

B.

tenmillions

C.

millionof

D.

millionsof9．Howtoread85,626inEnglish？A.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredsandtwenty-sixB.

eighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixC.

fifty-eightthousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixD.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredandtwenty-six10．—Whendoyouusuallygotobedonschoolnights?—Ataround________o'clock.It'shealthytofallasleepbefore10p.m.A.

nine

B.

ninth

C.

twelve

D.

twelfth11．Inourclass

ofthestudents

girls.A.

thirdfifths;is

B.

thirdfifth;are

C.

threefifth;is

D.

threefifths;are12．LiHuaisgoingtobeanelderbrother.Hisparentsareplanningtohavetheir________child.A.

first

B.

second

C.

one

D.

two13．Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas

thatoftheirs.A.

astwicelargeas

B.

twiceaslargeas

C.

twiceasmuchas

D.

astwicemuchas14．AlibabaCEOJackMahasdecidedtoretirefromhiscompanyinhis_________.A.

fifty

B.

fifties

C.

fiftieth

D.

fiftieths15．LinTao,an______boy,wasverybraveandhelpedhisclassmatesrunoutoftheclassroomwhentheearthquakehappened.A.

8-year-old

B.

8yearold

C.

8-years-old

D.

8yearolds參考答案1．Wegaveaway________bookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.A.

sixthousands

B.

sixthousand

C.

sixthousandsof

D.

sixthousandof【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：去年我們向?qū)W校圖書館贈送了六千本書。數(shù)詞后thousand用單數(shù)，thousandsof，固定搭配，幾千個，不與數(shù)字搭配；因此是sixthousand或者thousandsof，只有B對，故選B。2．—___isthepopulationofChina,Jack?—Letmethinkforamoment,itisabout___.A.

Howmany;1,400million

B.

What;1,400millionC.

What;140million

D.

Howmany;140million【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——中國的人口是多少，杰克？——讓我想想，大約是14億。提問人口用what，根據(jù)常識可知，實際情況是中國有1,400

million，人口，故選B。考查特殊疑問詞，注意what提問人口的用法。3．Ourcountryis70yearsoldthisyear.Wewillcelebrateher_____birthdayonOct.1.A.

theseventieth

B.

seventieth

C.

theseventy

D.

seventy【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：今年我們的國家70歲了，我們將在10月1日慶祝她的70歲生日。表達某人幾歲生日用one's+序數(shù)詞+birthday，seventy，70，基數(shù)詞；seventieth第七十，序數(shù)詞，排除C、D，故選B?？疾樾驍?shù)詞用法，注意平時識記one's+序數(shù)詞+birthday。4．Two____________studentsarefromKorea.A.

hundredsof

B.

hundred

C.

hundreds

D.

hundredof【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：有兩百名學(xué)生來自朝鮮。hundred，百，其前接具體數(shù)詞時，用其單數(shù)形式，當其前沒有具體數(shù)字修飾時，用其復(fù)數(shù)形式，后和of連用，hundredsof，成百上千，根據(jù)two，基數(shù)詞，hundred用其單數(shù)形式，故選B。5．Pleasepassme___bookontheright.A.

four

B.

fourth

C.

thefour

D.

thefourth【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：請遞給我右邊的第四本書。句中book是單數(shù)，four后面用可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，排除A、C，所以用序數(shù)詞fourth，序數(shù)詞前常常加the，故選D。6．Thereare

peopleinDale'sfamily.Theyliveonthe

floor.A.

five;nine

B.

fifth;nine

C.

five;ninth

D.

fifth;ninth【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：在戴爾的家里有五個人。他們住在九樓?；鶖?shù)詞放在名詞前修飾名詞，表示數(shù)量，因此用five；序數(shù)詞放在floor前面表示順序，因此用ninth，故選C。7．Mostofthedoctorsinthishospitalwereborn________,andtheyare________now.A.

inthe1970;intheirfifties

B.

in1970s;inthefiftiethC.

inthe1970s;infiftieth

D.

inthe1970s;intheirfifties【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：這家醫(yī)院的大多數(shù)醫(yī)生都出生于20世紀70年代，現(xiàn)在他們都是50多歲。inthe+四位數(shù)的整數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式，在……世紀……年代，inone's+兩位數(shù)的整數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)形式，在某人多大歲數(shù)時，故選D。8．In2010,___________peoplefromallovertheworldcametoShanghaitoseetheWorldExpo.A.

tenmillionof

B.

tenmillions

C.

millionof

D.

millionsof【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：2010年，來自世界各地的數(shù)百萬人來到上海觀看世博會。表示確切數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞+million，表示幾百萬；表示非確切數(shù)字時用millionsof，數(shù)百萬，固定搭配。ten10，基數(shù)詞，所以用tenmillion，排除A、B，故選D?？疾閿?shù)學(xué)詞的表達，注意平時識記表示確切數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞+million，表示幾百萬；表示非確切數(shù)字時用millionsof，數(shù)百萬。9．Howtoread85,626inEnglish？A.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredsandtwenty-sixB.

eighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixC.

fifty-eightthousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixD.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredandtwenty-six【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：用英語怎樣讀85,626？英語數(shù)學(xué)詞的讀法是：從右往左每三個數(shù)字是一組，用逗號隔開，從右往左第一個逗號讀hundred，百位和十位間用and連接，所以讀作eighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six，故選B。10．—Whendoyouusuallygotobedonschoolnights?—Ataround________o'clock.It'shealthytofallasleepbefore10p.m.A.

nine

B.

ninth

C.

twelve

D.

twelfth【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——上學(xué)的晚上你通常什么時候睡覺？——大約9點。晚上10點之前睡覺是健康的。nine九，是基數(shù)詞；ninth第九，是序數(shù)詞；twelve十二，是基數(shù)詞；twelfth第十二，是序數(shù)詞。根據(jù)o'clock此處表示鐘點，用基數(shù)詞，排除BD兩項。根據(jù)It'shealthytofallasleepbefore10p.m.可知，10點之前睡覺是健康的，因此他在9點睡覺，故答案選A。11．Inourclass

ofthestudents

girls.A.

thirdfifths;is

B.

thirdfifth;are

C.

threefifth;is

D.

threefifths;are【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：我們班五分之三的學(xué)生是女生。分數(shù)表達方式：分子要用基數(shù)詞，分母要用序數(shù)詞，當分子超過一時，分母后要加s。五分之三的正確表達是threefifths；帶有分數(shù)的短語作主語時，謂語動詞由分數(shù)后面的名詞形式來決定，students是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語動詞要用are，故選D。12．LiHuaisgoingtobeanelderbrother.Hisparentsareplanningtohavetheir________child.A.

first

B.

second

C.

on