語言學專業(yè)英語術語總表(Chinese-english)龔

ChinesebyJerryNorman龔群虎Pagenumber,Chinese,English102共時synchronic3歷時diachronic4語言學家linguist5漢語研究Chinesestudies6調(diào)號tonemark71-18甲骨文oracleboneinscription/script9古漢語ClassicalChinese10中古漢語MiddleChinese11早期白話EarlyVernacularChinese12上海方言Shanghaidialect13書面語言writtenlanguage14口頭語言spokenlanguage15文化連續(xù)性culturalcontinuity16漢語方言Chinesedialects17北京話Pekingdialect18廣州話Cantonese19文言文LiteraryChinese20方言學家dialectologist21金文bronzeinscription/script22孔子Confucius23孟子Mencius24方言描寫dialectdescription25高本漢（人名）BernhardKarlgren26中古漢語（高本漢）AncientChinese27趙元任（人名）YuenRenChao28吳語Wudialects29方言調(diào)查dialectsurvey/fieldwork30共通語koine31現(xiàn)代漢語ModernChinese32方言dialect331-234（漢語）周邊語言neighboringlanguages35阿爾泰語系Altaiclanguagefamily36突厥語言Turkiclanguages37蒙古語言Mongolianlanguages38通古斯語言Tungusiclanguages39日語Japanese40朝鮮語Korean41無聲調(diào)語言atonal/non-tonallanguage42多音節(jié)語言polysyllabiclanguage43類型學（的）typological44后綴suffix45元音和諧現(xiàn)象vowelharmony46語序（詞序）wordorder47主語subject48賓語object49藏緬語言Tibeto-Burmanlanguages50馬提索夫（人名）JamesMatisoff51苗瑤語言Miao-Yaolanguages52親屬關系geneticrelationship53張琨（人名）KunChang54唐納（人名）G.B.Downer55奧德里古（人名）Haudricourt56臺語Tailanguages57李方桂（人名）FangKueiLi58《比較臺語手冊》AHandbookofComparativeTai59侗水語言Kam-Suilanguages60白保羅（人名）PaulK.Benedict61“泰-卡岱”語言Tai-Kadailanguages62南亞語系Austroasiaticlanguagefamily63孟高棉語言Mon-Khmerlanguages64南島語系Austronesianlanguagefamily651-366類型特征typologicalfeatures/characteristics67語音對應phonologicalcorrespondence68音系的phonological69形態(tài)的morphological70句法的syntactic71有調(diào)語言tonallanguage72單音節(jié)的monosyllabic73語素morpheme74固定音高模式fixedpitchpattern75平調(diào)leveltone76升降調(diào)(輪廓調(diào))contourtone77音位的phoneme/phonemic78元音音段vocalicsegment79輔音音段consonantalsegment80四聲thefourtones81高平調(diào)highlevel82高升調(diào)highrising83低降調(diào)lowfalling84低降升調(diào)lowfalling-rising85緬彝語言Lolo-Burmeselanguages86語系languagefamily87濁（帶音）voicing88音節(jié)首音syllableonset89送氣aspiration90喉音化glottalization91復輔音consonant/consonantalcluster92復輔音的簡化和消失simplificationandlossofconsonantalclusters93語言接觸languagecontact94孤立語isolatinglanguage95分析語analyticlanguage96語法關系grammaticalrelationship97詞綴affix98準詞綴quasi-affix99量詞measure100數(shù)詞numeral101限定詞determinative102歷史演變historicaldevelopment103語言類型分類typologicalclassificationoflanguages104越芒語言Viet-Muonglanguages105句法特點syntacticfeature106修飾詞modifier107東亞語言EastAsianlanguages108泰語（暹羅語）Thai(Siamese)109越南語Vietnamese110高棉語Khmer111藏文WrittenTibetan112馬來語Malay113滿語Manchu114維吾爾語Uygur1151-4116發(fā)生學的（親屬的）genealogical117構擬reconstruction118轉寫transcription119同源詞cognates120語義的semantic121漢藏語Sino-Tibetanlanguages122確定同源詞identificationofcognates123語音對應規(guī)則ruleofphonologicalcorrespondence124同源詞集cognateset125上古漢語OldChinese(OC)126漢語上古音OldChinesephonology127中古漢語MiddleChinese(MC)128韻書rhymedictionary/book129上古音構擬reconstructionofOldChinesePhonology130《漢藏語概論》（白保羅）Sino-Tibetan:aconspectus131漢學家sinologist132譜系樹familytree133比較語言學comparativelinguistics134漢藏語言學Sino-Tibetanlinguistics1351-5136非漢（人、語）non-Han137不操漢語的non-Chinese-speaking138（音譯）借詞loanword139詞源（學）etymology140注疏家commentator141原始苗瑤語proto-Miao-Yao142原始臺語proto-Tai143北京土語Pekingvernacular144第一人稱firstperson145復數(shù)plural146排除式exclusiveform147包括式inclusiveform148仿譯詞calque149復合詞compound150希臘語Greek151拉丁語Latin152術語terminology153造（新詞）coin/coinage154漢語音韻史HistoryofChinesephonology155（漢字）字形graph156（漢字）讀音pronunciation157漢語的域外“方言”foreign'dialects'ofChinese158歐洲語言Europeanlanguages159漢語詞根Chineseroots160原始漢語proto-Chinese161拼寫法（正字法）orthography1622-1163漢語的分期periodicizationofChinese1642-2165原始漢語Proto-Chinese166上古漢語OldChinese167中古漢語MiddleChinese168早期官話EarlyMandarin169韻圖rhymetable170押韻rhyming171四聲thefourtones/tonecategories172平聲leveltone173上聲risingtone174去聲departingtone175入聲enteringtone176輔音韻尾consonantalending177元音韻尾(后滑音)offglide178音節(jié)syllable179雙聲alliteration180押韻rhyme181同音homophonous182音段(sound)segment183語音的phonetic184音系（音韻）的phonological185韻rhyme186韻目rhymeheading187聲母initial188韻母final189介音medial190主元音mainvowel191韻尾ending192反切上字fanqieuppercharacter193音值phoneticvalue1942-3195蒲立本（人名）EdwinG.Pulleyblank196清音voiceless197濁音voiced198塞音stop199塞擦音affricate200擦音fricative201響音resonant/sonorant202鼻音nasal203邊音lateral204半元音semi-vowel205發(fā)音部位placeofarticulation206唇音labial207雙唇音bilabial208唇齒音labiodental209卷舌音retroflex210舌根音velar211齒音dental212咝音sibilant213喉塞音glottalstop214元音音位vocalicphoneme215開口open216合口closed217等grade/division(Karlgren)2182-4219漢語域外借詞Sinoxenic220舌尖tipoftongue221送氣aspirated222不送氣unaspirated223文白異讀colloquialvs.literaryforms2242-5225韻部rhymegroup226開音節(jié)opensyllable227閉音節(jié)closesyllable228形旁signific229聲旁phonetic230同聲必同部charaterssharingthesamephoneticbelongtothesamerhymegroup231語文學家philologist232《漢文典》GrammataSerica233雅洪托夫（人名）SergeiYakhontov234諧聲系列phoneticseries235輔音前綴consonantalprefix236鼻音nasal237流音liquid238圓唇舌根輔音labiovelar239腭化palatalization240央化centralization241前化fronting242央元音schwa2432-6244女真族Jurchen245八思巴字Phags-pa246龍果夫（人名）Dragunov247橋本萬太郎（人名）HashimotoMandaro2482-7249舒聲lax/non-abrupttone250促聲abrupttone251調(diào)類tonecategories252調(diào)值tonevalue253音位變體allophone254區(qū)別特征distinctivefeatures255高低調(diào)register256馬伯樂（人名）HenriMaspero257奧德里古（人名）AndréHaudricourt258基本詞匯basicwords259無調(diào)語言tonelesslanguage260外來詞的漢語轉寫transcriptionofloanwords261無標記的unmarked262聲調(diào)起源tonogenesis2633-1264漢字Chinesewritingsystem，Chinesecharacter，Chinesescript265甲骨文oraclebonescript266金文bronzescript267語素文字morphemicscript/writing268音節(jié)文字syllabicscript/writing269字graph/character270象形字pictograph271近音字near-homophone2723-2273文字改革scriptreform274篆書sealscript275隸書clericalscript2763-3277古文字ancientscript278大篆(籀文)greatsealscript279小篆smallsealscript280字書graphicdictionary281商代甲骨文Shangoraclebonescript282周代金文Zhoubronzescript283戰(zhàn)國文字WarringStatesscript2843-4285書法家calligrapher286筆劃stroke287楷書standardscript288草書cursivescript289六書thesixprinciplesofwriting290文(獨體字)simplegraph291字(合體字)compositegraph292形聲字phoneticcompound，phonogram293形旁signific/semantic294聲旁

phonetic295假借字loancharacter，loangraph296部首radical，graphicclassifier297字形graphicshape2983-5299章草regulatedcursivescript300今草moderncursivescript301行書runningscript3023-6303方言詞dialectalword304標準化standardization305十三經(jīng)thethirteenConfucianclassics3063-7307拼音文字alphabeticwriting308拉丁字母Latinalphabet309西里爾字母Cyrillicalphabet310阿拉伯字母Arabicalphabet311詞源學etymology312高頻詞high-frequencyword313詞根root314方言字dialectalcharacter315音節(jié)字母syllabary316假名字母kana317諺文字母hangul318字喃chunom319拉丁化書寫體系Latinizedwritingsystem320繁體字traditionalcharacter/script321簡化字simplifiedcharacter/script3224-1323符號系統(tǒng)symbolicsystem324語法系統(tǒng)grammaticalsystem325聚合類paradigmaticclass326動賓結構verb-objectconstruction327句法位置syntacticposition3284-2329單語素的monomorphemic330派生構詞法derivationalmorphology331能產(chǎn)的productive332雙語素的bimorphemic333否定詞negative334指示詞demonstrative335祈使的imperative336代名詞的pronominal337合音詞fusionword338疊音詞reduplicate339疊韻詞rhymingsemi-reduplicate340雙聲詞alliterativesemi-reduplicate3414-3342詞類wordclass343句法功能syntacticfunction344詞性partofspeech345名詞性的nominal346動詞性的verbal347虛詞emptyword348實詞fullword349封閉(詞)類closedclass350開放(詞)類openclass351方位詞localizer352時間詞timeword353單數(shù)形式singularform354復數(shù)形式pluralform355第二人稱secondperson356不定代詞indefinitepronoun357疑問代詞interrogativepronoun358及物性transitivity359使動用法causativeusage360意動用法putativeusage361被動語態(tài)passivevoice362助動詞auxiliaryverb363從句clause364次范疇/次類subcategory365范圍副詞adverbsofscope366程度副詞adverbsofdegree367名物化nominalization368連詞conjunction369嘆詞interjection370系詞copula3714-4372名詞(謂語)句nominalsentence373動詞(謂語)句verbalsentence374附加成份adjunct375直接賓語directobject376間接賓語indirectobject377存在句existentialsentence378互補分布complementarydistribution379并列結構parallelconstruction3804-5381否定negation382疑問interrogation383語氣mood384語態(tài)voice385情態(tài)modality386是非問句yes/noquestion387疑問詞questionword388句末助詞sentence-finalparticle389反義詞antonym390發(fā)語詞sentence-initialparticle391情態(tài)助詞modalauxiliary392反問rhetoricalquestion393名物化的動詞nominalizedverb394反身結構reflexiveconstruction3954-7396定語從句relativeclause3974-8398主謂結構subject-predicateconstruction3994-10400新詞語neologism4015-1402白話writtenvernacular403通俗文學popularliterature404歷史語法historicalgrammar405年代確定dating4065-2407雙音節(jié)詞disyllabicwords408親屬稱謂kinshipterms409人名personalnames410語義范疇semanticcategory411名詞后綴noun/nominalsuffix412小稱后綴diminutivesuffix413語義引申semanticextension414貶義pejorativesense4155-3416屬格形式genitiveform417賓格形式accusativeform418數(shù)number419復數(shù)標記pluralmarker420謂詞predicative421動詞搭配verbalcollocation4225-4423復合動詞verbalcompound，compoundverb424結果補語resultativecomplement425方向補語directionalcomplement426及物動詞transitiveverb427體貌系統(tǒng)aspectualsystem428系動詞copularverb429委婉表達circumlocution，euphemism430程度副詞adverbofdegree431形容詞最高級superlativedegreeofadjectives432（語言）創(chuàng)新innovation433文學語言借用literaryborrowing434使役動詞causativeverb435動詞后位置postverbalposition4365-5437語序的演變changeinwordorder438工具(格)標記markerofinstrumentality439派生derive，derivation440語序普遍現(xiàn)象wordorderuniversals441句法的歷史演變historicalsyntacticchange442格林伯格（人名）JosephGreenberg443介詞詞組prepositionalphrase444動詞前位置preverbalposition445類型性演變typologicalchange4466-1官方語言officiallanguage447國語nationallanguage448通用語linguafranca449土語localism4506-2451語言政策languagepolicy452多語的multilingual453多方言的multidialectal454單語的monolingual4556-3456北京音Pekingpronunciation457音系描寫phonologicaldescription458歷史比較historicalcomparison459語言理論linguistictheories460唇音labial461齒齦音/舌尖中音alveolar462齒擦音/舌尖音dentalsibilant463翹舌音/舌尖后音retroflex464硬腭音/舌面前音palatal465舌根音guttural466塞音stop467鼻音nasal468擦音fricative469通音continuant470送氣aspirated471不送氣unaspirated472濁voiced473音長length，duration474音強intensity475聲門化glottality4766-3477弱輔音lenis478舌尖tipofthetongue479舌葉bladeofthetongue480小舌uvula481元音音首vocaliconset4826-4483國際音標IPA484聲學語音學acousticphonetics485（元音描寫）高high486（元音描寫）前front487（元音描寫）不圓唇unrounded488（元音描寫）圓唇rounded489（元音描寫）后back490（元音描寫）中mid491央化centralization492央中元音schwa，shwa493兒化音rhotacization4946-6495變調(diào)tonesandhi496語素音位morphophoneme4976-7498語調(diào)intonation499重音stress500重音音位stressphoneme501輕聲neutraltone，atonictone，weaktone5026-8503語素音位交替morphophonemicalternation504昵稱termsofendearments5057-1506索緒爾(人名)deSaussure507葉斯柏森(人名)OttoJespersen508布龍菲爾德(人名)LeonardBloomfield509結構主義structuralism510參考語法referencegrammar511轉換生成語法transformationalgenerativegrammar5127-2513三音節(jié)詞trisyllabicwords514名詞后綴nominalsuffix515序數(shù)前綴ordinalprefix5167-3517詞界wordboundary518非能產(chǎn)的unproductive519準前綴quasi-prefix520詞根語素rootmorpheme5217-4522實體詞contentword523功能詞functionword524動詞后綴verbalsuffix525完成體perfectaspect526持續(xù)體durativeaspect527性gender528連詞conjunction529語氣詞particle530嘆詞interjection531象聲詞onomatopoeia5327-5533語法范疇grammaticalcategory534有定的definite535無定的indefinite536從屬subordination537修飾modification538格case539施事agent540非標記的unmarked541與格dative542離格ablative543未完成體imperfectaspect544狀態(tài)動詞stativeverb545動作動詞actionverb546否定negation5477-6548簡單句simplesentence549復合句compositesentence550話題topic551評述comment552體后綴aspectualsuffix553動物性animate554非動物性inanimate555陳述declarative556疑問interrogative557祈使imperative558真值truthvalue559不合語法的ungrammatical5607-7561詞典學lexicography562同音字homophonouscharacters5637-8564拉丁化romanization;latinization5658-0566方言變異dialectalvariation5678-1568方言分區(qū)/分類dialectclassification569同質(zhì)的homogeneous5708-2571方言分歧/差異dialectdiversity5728-3573歷史語言學家historicallinguist574底層語言substratumlanguage575羅曼語族語言Romancelanguages5768-4577中央研究院史語所InstituteofHistoryandPhilologyoftheAcademiaSinica578方言學家dialectologist579方言地理dialectgeography580方言特征dialectalfeatures5818-5582方言邊界/分界dialectboundary583方言地圖dialectatlas584同化assimilate/assimilation585漢語方言學Chinesedialectology5868-6587少數(shù)民族語言minoritylanguages