《口譯筆記符號(hào)》

口譯成功與否在很大程度上取決于譯員在口譯表達(dá)前對(duì)感知的信息進(jìn)行記錄的能力。記錄分為“腦記〞和“筆記〞兩種。

人腦的記憶由短時(shí)記憶和長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶兩局部組成。顧名思義，短時(shí)記憶是一種操作性的暫時(shí)記憶，長(zhǎng)時(shí)記憶屬于一種儲(chǔ)存性的永久記憶。影響一個(gè)人短時(shí)記憶的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是記憶內(nèi)容的意義性。即便是當(dāng)感知的信息有意義時(shí)，人的短時(shí)記憶只可容納由二十多個(gè)單詞組成的句子，或者一組十位數(shù)的數(shù)字。因此，對(duì)于口譯工作者來(lái)說(shuō)，完全依賴(lài)人腦的記憶能力是危險(xiǎn)的，記筆記便顯得十分重要。

1整理ppt一、做口譯筆記時(shí)的本卷須知1.口譯筆記應(yīng)記要點(diǎn)，切忌求記“全〞?？谧g筆記是記憶的延伸或補(bǔ)充，不應(yīng)也不必取代記憶。口譯筆記的主要內(nèi)容是概念、命題、名稱(chēng)、數(shù)字、組織機(jī)構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系〔如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果關(guān)系等〕，筆記單位以表達(dá)意群的詞語(yǔ)和符號(hào)為主。2.口譯筆記求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口譯筆記可使用來(lái)源語(yǔ)，也可使用目標(biāo)語(yǔ)，也可以雙語(yǔ)兼用。只要有利于口譯的準(zhǔn)確性和流利性，不必拘泥于某種文字或符號(hào)。例如，“聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)〞可筆錄為“UN〞或“聯(lián)大〞。

4.口譯筆記使用大量常見(jiàn)略語(yǔ)，例如：cf(compare),Co(company),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。2整理ppt二、常用速記符號(hào)

速記是一項(xiàng)特殊的技巧，速記語(yǔ)言是由一套完整的符號(hào)組成的體系。在口譯實(shí)踐中逐步掌握一些簡(jiǎn)單的速記符號(hào)是有益的3整理ppt筆記符號(hào)state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)一.圖形符號(hào)4整理pptcitizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，監(jiān)督;頂點(diǎn)，頂級(jí)，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundaries5整理ppt多國(guó)，其他國(guó)家othercountries國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad6整理ppt進(jìn)口import出口export進(jìn)出口import&export飛行員pilot飛機(jī)場(chǎng)airport中國(guó)人Chinesepeople7整理ppt經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)體economicentity金融機(jī)構(gòu)financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，政府首腦stateleader廣場(chǎng)square,plaze8整理ppt宏觀(guān)調(diào)控，macro-control首都capitalcity重要

important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence9整理ppt3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming

4.精彩

wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,10整理ppt5.強(qiáng)調(diào)emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant11整理ppt特點(diǎn)，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof12整理ppt整體，全部，總共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.團(tuán)結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團(tuán)聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有國(guó)家所有人，人民群眾13整理ppt主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙會(huì)議meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰會(huì)summit(meeting)14整理ppt∞

關(guān)聯(lián)linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流，交換exchange,interact,communicate2.關(guān)系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership15整理ppt雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)系，multilateralrelationship舉杯，協(xié)議toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution雙邊協(xié)議，bilateralagreement多邊協(xié)議，multilateralagreement16整理ppt⊕開(kāi)展，develop,development興旺的，developed開(kāi)展中的，developing開(kāi)始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate17整理ppt2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution18整理ppt禁止，結(jié)束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof19整理ppt歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困難，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback遠(yuǎn)

faraway近

near,close20整理ppt臺(tái)階，進(jìn)步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress過(guò)去，歷史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上個(gè)月lastmonth去年lastyear21整理ppt前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longbefore未來(lái)，將要,inthefuture改變，變化

change,transform22整理ppt果實(shí)，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement〔使〕消失，廢除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.

破壞，推翻，剝奪destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,deprive,

23整理ppt4.倒閉，下崗bankrupt,

layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解決，到達(dá)，實(shí)現(xiàn)overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.拋棄abandon,desert,discard24整理ppt二.人體行為符號(hào)smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.說(shuō)tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.評(píng)論comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review25整理ppt開(kāi)羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚(yáng)speakhighlyof,praise批評(píng)criticize眾說(shuō)紛紜，假設(shè)干說(shuō)法variousopinions26整理ppt改革開(kāi)放reformandopeningup愛(ài)，關(guān)心love,concern,careabout嚇唬，威脅scare,threaten1.聽(tīng),listento2.開(kāi)放,beopento27整理ppt:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，顯示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect28整理ppt←1.來(lái)come2.收到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀請(qǐng)，應(yīng)邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.賣(mài)sell2.獲利makeaprofit29整理ppt去，到go

引起，導(dǎo)致resultin,leadto1.買(mǎi)buy2.投資invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮increase,heighten,enhance,grow,liftsoar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup30整理ppt↓減少，降低，貶值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很，非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深遠(yuǎn)的profound,far-reaching31整理ppt推動(dòng)，促進(jìn)，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻礙，推遲obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback32整理ppt↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭(zhēng)議conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越來(lái)越increasing,growing,moreandmore越來(lái)越大biggerandbigger越來(lái)越多moreandmore33整理ppt壓力，影響pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今為止sofar,uptonow,tillnow34整理ppt…四.標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持續(xù)，繼續(xù)，一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon35整理ppt3.信息點(diǎn)的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某種程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant36整理ppt﹗1.危險(xiǎn)，警告，留神dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然sure,certainly,ofcourse老實(shí)說(shuō)，說(shuō)實(shí)在的

tobefrank,totellyouthetruth37整理ppt﹖﹪問(wèn)題，疑問(wèn)question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑問(wèn)句以“？〞開(kāi)頭來(lái)記錄百分比，percent38整理ppt“〞??

引用〔理論，名言等〕鄧小平理論Dengxiaopingtheories?紅樓夢(mèng)?ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone書(shū)39整理ppt﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于記錄狀語(yǔ)40整理ppt∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號(hào)因?yàn)?，由于，幸虧because,dueto,thanksto所以，因此，結(jié)果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently41整理ppt﹢和，另外，多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer42整理ppt÷－＝

減去，負(fù)增長(zhǎng)

minus除了except相同，一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith43整理ppt≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事實(shí)notcomplywiththefact大約，大概about,almost,nearly等于說(shuō)，也就是說(shuō)thatistosay,inotherwords44整理ppt＜＞1.大于，超過(guò)surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供過(guò)于求supplyexceedsdemand過(guò)熱overheated少于，低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不應(yīng)求demandexceedssupply45整理ppt∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯(cuò)的，不好的，負(fù)面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否決veto46整理ppt√

不稱(chēng)霸notseekhegemony對(duì)的，好的，積極的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持，善于，有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.認(rèn)可，批準(zhǔn)endorse,ratify,confirm,approve47整理ppt文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明culture,literature,civilization中國(guó)People’sRepublicofChina立場(chǎng)，position(一〕中文字48整理ppt力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力power,strength,force,ability,capability兒童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市場(chǎng)，market49整理ppt〔二〕偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家family,home快，迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt50整理ppt組織organize,structure,tissue建設(shè)build,construct措施measure飯，食物meal,ricefood餐館，飯店restaurant51整理ppt疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient軍事，軍隊(duì)military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health52整理pptfu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciate稱(chēng)霸，霸權(quán)主義hegemony,seekhegemony奉獻(xiàn)contribution腐敗corruption53整理ppt﹟七.諧音僅僅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly環(huán)境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background54整理ppt八化學(xué)符號(hào)Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路railway55整理ppt九生物♀

♂

女性woman,female男性man,male56整理ppt十地圖標(biāo)識(shí)學(xué)校教育57整理ppt十一英文〔一〕英文字母bcd但是but,however,nevertheless相信believe,trust世紀(jì)century日子，今天day,today58整理pptefgh經(jīng)濟(jì)economy金融finance政府government1.希望hope2.小時(shí)，hour59整理pptImM我I,me1.月month2.分鐘minute管理managementn多many,much,multi-60整理pptp1.政治，政黨，政權(quán)，政策politics,party,power,policy2.部門(mén)department,section,ministry外交部theMinistryofForeignAffairs生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品produce,manufacture,product61整理pptrR改革reform1.權(quán)利right2.公路road高速公路expressway62整理ppts1.科學(xué)science2.社會(huì)society3.自從since社會(huì)主義socialism從那以后fromthenon63整理ppttR&D時(shí)間,倍time想，認(rèn)為think技術(shù)technology科技scienceandtechnology高科技high-tech研發(fā)researchanddevelopment64整理pptuvwy你you勝利，成功win,success,victory,triumph我們we年year65整理ppt〔二〕英文小寫(xiě)縮略alco雖然，盡管，即使although,though,despiteindespiteof,evenif,eventhough商業(yè)business,commerce公司company,corporation,firm66整理pptcom

社團(tuán)community財(cái)政fiscal教育education例如forexample,forinstance67整理pptinsinfoinfra保險(xiǎn)insurance信息information,message根底設(shè)施infrastructure邀請(qǐng)invitation68整理pptnu核的nuclear消息news貿(mào)易trade旅游travel,tour,journey稅tax69整理pptgymgraddocdemo利用use,utilize,makeuseof體育館gymnasium畢業(yè)生graduates醫(yī)生，博士doctor演示demonstrate70整理ppten經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷experience效率effective,efficiency盡快assoonasimpossible請(qǐng)please能源energy71整理ppt〔三〕英文大寫(xiě)縮略CPCSOEPC中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨CommunistPartyofChina國(guó)有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprise1.個(gè)人電腦personalcomputer2.記者招待會(huì)pressconference72整理pptDPRKROK亞太地區(qū)Asia-Pacificregion朝鮮DemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea韓國(guó)RepublicofKorea73整理pptLRJCJVHR勞動(dòng)力資源laborresources聯(lián)合公報(bào)JointCommunique合資企業(yè)JointVenture人權(quán)humanright人力資源humanresources74整理pptPESMESEZOK批準(zhǔn)，認(rèn)可ratify,authorize方案經(jīng)濟(jì)PlannedEconomy社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)SocialistMarketEconomy經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)SpecialEconomicZone75整理ppt