《口譯筆記符號》

口譯成功與否在很大程度上取決于譯員在口譯表達前對感知的信息進行記錄的能力。記錄分為“腦記〞和“筆記〞兩種。

人腦的記憶由短時記憶和長時記憶兩局部組成。顧名思義，短時記憶是一種操作性的暫時記憶，長時記憶屬于一種儲存性的永久記憶。影響一個人短時記憶的因素很多，其中最主要的因素是記憶內(nèi)容的意義性。即便是當(dāng)感知的信息有意義時，人的短時記憶只可容納由二十多個單詞組成的句子，或者一組十位數(shù)的數(shù)字。因此，對于口譯工作者來說，完全依賴人腦的記憶能力是危險的，記筆記便顯得十分重要。

1整理ppt一、做口譯筆記時的本卷須知1.口譯筆記應(yīng)記要點，切忌求記“全〞?？谧g筆記是記憶的延伸或補充，不應(yīng)也不必取代記憶?？谧g筆記的主要內(nèi)容是概念、命題、名稱、數(shù)字、組織機構(gòu)和邏輯關(guān)系〔如大小、先后、正反、上下、升降、因果關(guān)系等〕，筆記單位以表達意群的詞語和符號為主。2.口譯筆記求快求精，但不可潦草。

3.口譯筆記可使用來源語，也可使用目標(biāo)語，也可以雙語兼用。只要有利于口譯的準(zhǔn)確性和流利性，不必拘泥于某種文字或符號。例如，“聯(lián)合國大會〞可筆錄為“UN〞或“聯(lián)大〞。

4.口譯筆記使用大量常見略語，例如：cf(compare),Co(company),eg(forexample),etc(andsoon),esp(especially),ie(thatis),max(maximum),min(minimum),ref(reference),std(standard),usu(usually),等。2整理ppt二、常用速記符號

速記是一項特殊的技巧，速記語言是由一套完整的符號組成的體系。在口譯實踐中逐步掌握一些簡單的速記符號是有益的3整理ppt筆記符號state,kingdom,country,nation,national,federalcity,metropolis,cosmopolis,metropolitan,urban,municipalvillage,farm,outskirt,countryside,suburban,ruralareas右上角：人右下角：地方、地名、機構(gòu)一.圖形符號4整理pptcitizen,urbanresidents/inhabitantsfamer,peasant,rancher,agriculturist領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，監(jiān)督;頂點，頂級，最lead,supervise,head,peak,top,supreme,utmost,maximum,climaxuniversal,worldwide,international,transnational,global,transcontinental,allovertheworld,acrossboundaries5整理ppt多國，其他國家othercountries國民經(jīng)濟nationaleconomydomestic,native,internal,interior,athomeforeign,overseas,abroad,alien,exotic,outofthecountry,beyondseas,intheforeignlandinandoutofthecountry,athomeandabroad6整理ppt進口import出口export進出口import&export飛行員pilot飛機場airport中國人Chinesepeople7整理ppt經(jīng)濟實體economicentity金融機構(gòu)financialinstitutionboss,leader,chairman,ruler,chief,manager,president,majesty,governor,director,supervisor,monitor國家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，政府首腦stateleader廣場square,plaze8整理ppt宏觀調(diào)控，macro-control首都capitalcity重要

important,significant,key,critical,crucial,essential,vital,eventful,principal,core,ofgreatimportance/significance/consequence9整理ppt3.主要main,chief,primary,major,dominant,overwhelming

4.精彩

wonderful,terrific,splendid,fantastic,marvelous2.杰出great,well-known,outstanding,remarkable,excellent,perfect,brilliant,distinguished,notable,eminent,promising,prominent,prestigious,glorious,noteworthy,10整理ppt5.強調(diào)emphasize,focus,underline,underscorestress,highlight,spotlight,accentuatefocuson,layemphasis/stressonattachimportanceto,payattentiontothemostimportant11整理ppt特點，特色，特征mark,feature,character,symbol,sign,characteristic,specialitypeculiarity,attribute2.代表represent,symbolize,typify,standfor,onbehalfof12整理ppt整體，全部，總共whole,all,total,entire,complete,overallgeneral,universal,integral,gross,intact,onthewhole,allinall2.團結(jié)，統(tǒng)一，團聚united,unification,gather,gettogether所有國家所有人，人民群眾13整理ppt主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整sovereigntyandterritorialintegrity⊙會議meeting,forum,session,seminar,conference,symposium,committee,association,parliament,council峰會summit(meeting)14整理ppt∞

關(guān)聯(lián)linkto,connectwith,relateto,associatewith2.替代replace,displace,supplant,substituteinsteadof,taketheplaceof交流，交換exchange,interact,communicate2.關(guān)系interaction,relation,relationshippartnership15整理ppt雙邊關(guān)系，bilateralrelationship多邊關(guān)系，multilateralrelationship舉杯，協(xié)議toast,agreement,treaty,contractConvention,revolution雙邊協(xié)議，bilateralagreement多邊協(xié)議，multilateralagreement16整理ppt⊕開展，develop,development興旺的，developed開展中的，developing開始begin,start,initiate,open,originate,launch,pioneercommence,inaugurate17整理ppt2.形成，產(chǎn)生，出現(xiàn)establish,found,create,appear,emerge,occur,comeout,breakout,comeintobeing/existence3.醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生RedCross,hospital,medicalcaremedicalinstitution18整理ppt禁止，結(jié)束end,conclude,complete,cease,stop,close,terminate,expire,halt,over,pause,turnoff,switchoff,breakupmakeanendof,bringtoanend,bringtoaconclusion道路，方法method,way,road,means,measureapproach,manner,access,route,coursemode,bymeansof,bywayof19整理ppt歪曲twist,distortionoffact2.困難，挫折difficulty,hardship,trouble,painful,tough,frustration,setback遠

faraway近

near,close20整理ppt臺階，進步stepbystep,progress,advancemakeprogress過去，歷史inthepast,history昨天yesterday上個月lastmonth去年lastyear21整理ppt前所未有的，unprecedented很久以前，longbefore未來，將要,inthefuture改變，變化

change,transform22整理ppt果實，成果fruit,result,accomplishmentachievement〔使〕消失，廢除delete,exclude,dismiss,erasedisappear,vanish,extinct,removeabolish,getridof,wipeout2.

破壞，推翻，剝奪destroy,ruin,collapse,overthrowdemolish,deprive,

23整理ppt4.倒閉，下崗bankrupt,

layoff,resign,retire5.死亡，已故的kill,murder,die,passaway,thelate6.解決，到達，實現(xiàn)overcome,settle,solve,address,realize,achieve,accomplish,fulfill3.拋棄abandon,desert,discard24整理ppt二.人體行為符號smile,happy,glad,pleased,excitedinagoodmoodunhappy,sad,unsatisfied,angry,inabadmoodQ1.說tell,state,announce,express,claim,address,declare,argue,vow,explain,Introduce,report2.評論comment,remark,evaluateappraise,review25整理ppt開羅宣言，CairoManifesto贊揚speakhighlyof,praise批評criticize眾說紛紜，假設(shè)干說法variousopinions26整理ppt改革開放reformandopeningup愛，關(guān)心love,concern,careabout嚇唬，威脅scare,threaten1.聽,listento2.開放,beopento27整理ppt:看observe,view,glance,stare,noticeglimpse,scan,skim,witness,gaze2.想think,consider,regard,conceiveponder,suppose,imagine,meditatespeculate,contemplate3.揭示，顯示show,suggest,indicate,reveal,discover,reflect28整理ppt←1.來come2.收到receive3.需要，缺少need,require,want,beshortof,4.邀請，應(yīng)邀invite,oninvitation愿意接受acceptwithpleasure1.賣sell2.獲利makeaprofit29整理ppt去，到go

引起，導(dǎo)致resultin,leadto1.買buy2.投資invest↑增加；上升；完善；繁榮increase,heighten,enhance,grow,liftsoar,rise,raise,elevate,ascendflourish,advance,update,improveprosperity,boost,giveboostto,goup30整理ppt↓減少，降低，貶值decrease,decline,reduce,descenddiminish,fall,drop,sink,lowerrelieve,weaken,lessen,deterioratedevalue,degrade,depreciate,discountgodown,falloff1.很，非常deeply,very,quite,awfully2.深遠的profound,far-reaching31整理ppt推動，促進，有助于promote,strengthen,encouragestimulate,facilitate,reinforcestrive,push,urge,stir,forceaccelerate,drive,prompt,propelgiveimpetusto,carryforward阻礙，推遲obstacle,postpone,delay,restrainwithdraw,discourage,curb,hamperhinder,barrier,bar,encumber,putoffstandinone’sway,holdback,drawback32整理ppt↗沖突，矛盾，分歧，爭議conflict,contradictiondifference,dispute越來越increasing,growing,moreandmore越來越大biggerandbigger越來越多moreandmore33整理ppt壓力，影響pressure,burden,load,stress,impact,influence,effect,affectexertinfluenceon,haveeffecton迄今為止sofar,uptonow,tillnow34整理ppt…四.標(biāo)點符號多numerous,countless,enormousabundant,various,mass,uncountableinnumerable,considerable,substantialaseriesof2.持續(xù)，繼續(xù)，一直last,continue,remain,maintainpersist,still,continuouseverlasting,eternal,permanent,constant,frequent,always,endless,allalong,keepon,goon35整理ppt3.信息點的弱化4.信息的省略andsoon在某種程度上tosomedegree不那么重要notsoimportant36整理ppt﹗1.危險，警告，留神dangerous,hazardous,jeopardywarning,alarming,alertindanger,watchout2.加強語氣：務(wù)必，一定，當(dāng)然sure,certainly,ofcourse老實說，說實在的

tobefrank,totellyouthetruth37整理ppt﹖﹪問題，疑問question,problem,perplexity,issue,puzzle,mystery,ask,inquiry,queryinterrogate,confused,bewildered2.所有疑問句以“？〞開頭來記錄百分比，percent38整理ppt“〞??

引用〔理論，名言等〕鄧小平理論Dengxiaopingtheories?紅樓夢?ADreaminRedMansionsTheStroyoftheStone書39整理ppt﹙﹚由…組成，包括，容納contain,comprise,cover,includeenclose,involve,embrace,bemadeupof,consistof〔〕用于記錄狀語40整理ppt∵∴五.數(shù)學(xué)符號因為，由于，幸虧because,dueto,thanksto所以，因此，結(jié)果是so,therefore,thatiswhy…consequently41整理ppt﹢和，另外，多plus,and,add,morethan,besides,moreover,inaddition另外五十a(chǎn)notherfifty五十多morethanfifty更少fewer42整理ppt÷－＝

減去，負增長

minus除了except相同，一致thesameas公平fair,equal,justice比作compare…to…符合beconsistentwithbeinagreementwithcomplywith43整理ppt≠≈不贊同，不平等，有差距，不符合disagree,unfair,difference,disparity不符合事實notcomplywiththefact大約，大概about,almost,nearly等于說，也就是說thatistosay,inotherwords44整理ppt＜＞1.大于，超過surpass,exceed,morethansuperiorto2.供過于求supplyexceedsdemand過熱overheated少于，低于lessthan,inferiorto2.供不應(yīng)求demandexceedssupply45整理ppt∑總和sum∈×屬于belongto錯的，不好的，負面的wrong,mistake,fault,bad,negativenotorious2.否決veto46整理ppt√

不稱霸notseekhegemony對的，好的，積極的correct,good,positive,affirmative2.支持，善于，有利于support,begoodat,intheinterestof3.認可，批準(zhǔn)endorse,ratify,confirm,approve47整理ppt文中立六.中文文化，文學(xué)，文明culture,literature,civilization中國People’sRepublicofChina立場，position(一〕中文字48整理ppt力兒大力量，能力，權(quán)力power,strength,force,ability,capability兒童,childrenbig,huge,great,vast,gianttremendous,immense,spacious,extensive,massive,capacious市市場，market49整理ppt〔二〕偏旁部首學(xué)習(xí)study,learn家family,home快，迅速soon,rapid,swift,speedyquick,prompt50整理ppt組織organize,structure,tissue建設(shè)build,construct措施measure飯，食物meal,ricefood餐館，飯店restaurant51整理ppt疾病illness,disease,ailment,sick病人patient軍事，軍隊military,army,troop管理management,administration健康health52整理pptfu(三)拼音字母感謝thank,appreciate稱霸，霸權(quán)主義hegemony,seekhegemony奉獻contribution腐敗corruption53整理ppt﹟七.諧音僅僅just,merely,only,nothingmorethannotonly環(huán)境environment,surroundings,settingcircumstance,condition,background54整理ppt八化學(xué)符號Fe鐵ferrum,iron鐵路railway55整理ppt九生物♀

♂

女性woman,female男性man,male56整理ppt十地圖標(biāo)識學(xué)校教育57整理ppt十一英文〔一〕英文字母bcd但是but,however,nevertheless相信believe,trust世紀(jì)century日子，今天day,today58整理pptefgh經(jīng)濟economy金融finance政府government1.希望hope2.小時，hour59整理pptImM我I,me1.月month2.分鐘minute管理managementn多many,much,multi-60整理pptp1.政治，政黨，政權(quán)，政策politics,party,power,policy2.部門department,section,ministry外交部theMinistryofForeignAffairs生產(chǎn)，產(chǎn)品produce,manufacture,product61整理pptrR改革reform1.權(quán)利right2.公路road高速公路expressway62整理ppts1.科學(xué)science2.社會society3.自從since社會主義socialism從那以后fromthenon63整理ppttR&D時間,倍time想，認為think技術(shù)technology科技scienceandtechnology高科技high-tech研發(fā)researchanddevelopment64整理pptuvwy你you勝利，成功win,success,victory,triumph我們we年year65整理ppt〔二〕英文小寫縮略alco雖然，盡管，即使although,though,despiteindespiteof,evenif,eventhough商業(yè)business,commerce公司company,corporation,firm66整理pptcom

社團community財政fiscal教育education例如forexample,forinstance67整理pptinsinfoinfra保險insurance信息information,message根底設(shè)施infrastructure邀請invitation68整理pptnu核的nuclear消息news貿(mào)易trade旅游travel,tour,journey稅tax69整理pptgymgraddocdemo利用use,utilize,makeuseof體育館gymnasium畢業(yè)生graduates醫(yī)生，博士doctor演示demonstrate70整理ppten經(jīng)驗，經(jīng)歷experience效率effective,efficiency盡快assoonasimpossible請please能源energy71整理ppt〔三〕英文大寫縮略CPCSOEPC中國共產(chǎn)黨CommunistPartyofChina國有企業(yè)state-ownedenterprise1.個人電腦personalcomputer2.記者招待會pressconference72整理pptDPRKROK亞太地區(qū)Asia-Pacificregion朝鮮DemocraticPeople’sRepublicofKorea韓國RepublicofKorea73整理pptLRJCJVHR勞動力資源laborresources聯(lián)合公報JointCommunique合資企業(yè)JointVenture人權(quán)humanright人力資源humanresources74整理pptPESMESEZOK批準(zhǔn)，認可ratify,authorize方案經(jīng)濟PlannedEconomy社會主義市場經(jīng)濟SocialistMarketEconomy經(jīng)濟特區(qū)SpecialEconomicZone75整理ppt