2023北京高三二模英語(yǔ)匯編：閱讀理解D篇

第1頁(yè)/共1頁(yè)2023北京高三二模英語(yǔ)匯編閱讀理解D篇（2023北京東城統(tǒng)考二模）September2022wasapparentlythemonthartificialintelligenceessayanxietyboiledoverinacademia,afterauserofanAIwritingserviceclaimedtobegettingstraightA’swithessays“written”usingartificialintelligence.Mostprofessorsexpressedconcern.Onewrote,“GradingsomethinganAIwroteisanincrediblydepressingwasteofmylife.”Asallthisonlinedepressionwasplayingout,Iaskedmystudents,whoweremostlymajorsinwriting,tosubmita2,000-wordproposalaboutalocalissue.IaskedthemtorelyontheAIasmuchaspossible.Afterreviewingtheir22AIessays,Icantellyouconfidentlythatthetechnologyjustisn’tthere.Mystudentsusedfreeaccessibletextgeneratorsonlineandputinalotofeffort.But,ifIhadbelievedtheseweregenuinestudentessays,theverybestwouldhaveearnedsomewherearoundaCorC-minus.ManyoftheessayshadobviousredflagsforAIgeneration:outdatedfacts,quotesfromprioruniversitypresidentspresentedascurrentpresidents,fictionalprofessorsandnamedstudentorganizationsthatdon’texist.Atthesametime,thestudentsreportedthatusingAIrequiredfarmoretimethansimplywritingtheiressaystheold-fashionedwaywouldhave.TherehasbeenafairamountwrittenaboutthesupposedimpressivenessofAI-generatedtext.Thereareevenseveralhigh-profileAI-writtenarticles,essaysorevenscientificpapersorscreenplaysthatshowcasethisimpressiveness.Inmanyofthesecases,the“authors”haveaccesstohigher-qualitylanguagemodelsthanmoststudentsarecurrentlyabletouse.But,moreimportantly,thepublishedexamplesaregenerallythepolishedformofprofessionalwritersandeditors.Incontrast,manyofmystudents’AI-generatedessaysshowedthecommonproblemsofstudentwriting—uncertaintyabouttheappropriatewritingstyle,issueswithorganizationandtransitions,andinconsistentparagraphing.Obviously,producingaqualityessaywithAIrequireshavinghighwritingskillandrevisingskilltoproduceappropriateoutputs.MyexperimentalsotellsmethatagoodassignmentsheetisthebestdefenseagainstAIessays.Ifyourassignmentis“DescribethereasonsfortheU.S.CivilWar”,youaremorelikelytogetAIordownloadedessaysubmissions.Myassignmentwasachallengebecauseitaskedstudentstoaddresslocalissuesofconcern.TherearejustnotenoughrelevantexamplesinthedatatheAItextgeneratorsaredrawingfrom.Ithasbeenjustoverfiveyearssincecomputerscientistsdeclared,“Weshouldstoptrainingradiologists(放射科醫(yī)生)now.Deeplearningisgoingtodobetterthanradiologists.”Well,we’restilltrainingradiologists,andthere’snoindicationthatdeeplearningisgoingtoreplacehumandoctorsanytimesoon.Inmuchthesameway,Istronglysuspectfull-onrobotwritingwillalwaysandforeverbe“justaroundthecorner”.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudentsintheexperiment?A.Theirwritingefficiencywasaffected.B.Theiressayswerebetterstructured.C.TheypreferredAI-writtenessays.D.TheyovercameAI’sweaknesses.2.WhatdoestheauthorimplyinParagraph3?A.Onlinetextgeneratorsarefarfromreliable.B.Genuinestudentessaysdeservehighermarks.C.Studentsneedtohavebettermasteryoftechnology.D.RevisingapplicationsdecidethequalityofAIessays.3.Intheauthor’sopinion,whatmaydiscouragetheuseofAItextgenerators?A.Standardcriteria B.Strictregulations..C.Clearinstructions. D.Uniquewritingtasks.4.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToassessAI’sinfluenceonstudents’writing.B.TodiscussthethreatofAItotheteachingofwriting.C.ToappealfortheappropriateapplicationofAItextgenerators.D.ToanalysethedifferencesbetweengenuineandAl-writtenessays.（2023北京西城統(tǒng)考二模）Facedwithanattemptbyanewchatbottoimitate（模仿）hisownsongs，themusicianNickCavedeliveredastrongresponse:itwas“anabsolutelyhorribleattempt”.HeunderstoodthatAIwasinitsbabyhood,butcouldonlyconcludethatthetruehorrormightbethat“itwillforeverbeinitsbabyhood”.Whilearobotmightonedaybeabletocreateasong,hewrote,itwouldnevergrowbeyond“akindofburlesque（滑稽的模仿）”，becauserobots-beingcomposedofdata-areunabletosuffer,whilesongsariseoutofsuffering.FansofCaveandhisbandwillagreethathismusicisinimitable,butthatdoesn'tmeantheywouldnecessarilybeabletotellthedifference.AfewdaysbeforeCave'sremarks,expertswereaskedtodistinguishbetweenfourgenuineartworksandtheirAIimitations.Theirconclusionswerewrongfivetimesoutof12,andtheywereonlyunitedlyrightinoneofthefourpicturecomparisons.Thesearepartygames,buttheypointtoanunfoldingchallengethatmustbemanagedasamatterofurgencybecause,likeitornot,AIartisuponus.Thearrivalofthehuman-impersonatingChatGPTmighthaveincreasedgeneralawareness,butartistsacrossawiderangeofdisciplinesarealreadyexploringitspotential,withthedancerWayneMcGregorandLondon'sYoungVicTheatreamongthosewhohavecreatedAI-basedworks.Astrongly-wordedreportfromCommunicationsandDigitalCommittee(CDC)issuedawake-upcalltothegovernment,urgingittoraiseitsgameineducatingfuturegenerationsoftech-savvyprofessionals,andtacklingkeyregulatorychallenges.Theseincludedreviewingreformstointellectualpropertylaw,strengtheningtherightsofperformersandartists,andtakingactiontosupportthecreativesectorinadaptingtothedisturbancescausedbyswiftandstormytechnologicalchange.WhiledevelopingAIisimportant,itshouldnotbepursuedatallcosts,theCDCstressed.ItdeploredthefailureoftheDepartmentforDigital,Culture,andMediatoofferadefenceagainstproposedchangestointellectualpropertylawthatwouldgivecopyrightexemption（版權(quán)豁免）toanywork，anywhereintheworld，involvingAItextanddatamining.ThechallengesofAIarebothphilosophical,asCavesuggested,andpractical.Theywillunfoldovertheshortandlongterm.State-of-the-artcreativeindustrieshaveakeyroletoplayinshapingandexploringthephilosophicalones,buttheymusthavethepracticalhelptheyrequiretosurviveandbesuccessful.Theyneeditnow.5.WhydoestheauthormentionthefourpicturecomparisonsinParagraph2?A.TostressthesimilaritiesbetweenAIartandhumanart.B.ToarguethathumanartwillbereplacedbyAIart.C.ToproveAIisstretchingtheboundariesofart.D.ToimplyAIartcannotbeunderestimated.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“deplored”inParagraph5probablymean?A.Clearlyanalyzed. B.Bravelysuffered.C.Stronglycriticized. D.Accuratelyperceived.7.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.SomeartistsseeAIasatooleventhoughitisathreat.B.CreativeindustriesareresponsibleforcausingtheAIproblem.C.TechprofessionalsneedmoretrainingtobetterunderstandAIart.D.ThequalityofAIartdismissesconcernsaboutintellectualproperty.8.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheCreativeThief:AIMakesPerfectArtB.AIinArt:ABattleThatMustBeFoughtC.ThreatorOpportunity:TheImpactofAIonArtD.TheRiseofAIArt:WhatItMeanstoHumanArtists（2023北京海淀統(tǒng)考二模）Asweenteraperiodofprofoundeconomicuncertainty,presaged(預(yù)示)byrecenthigh-profilelayoffsandacultureof“quietquitting”,thinkingaboutthefutureofworkmightwellseemadaunting(令人生畏的)prospect.Indeed,anever-increasingdigitalskillsgapthreatenstostopbusinessesadoptingthegame-changingtechnologiesthatwillhelptopowergrowthinthemonthsandyearsahead.Forinstance,witheachexcitingnewtechnologycomesagrowingconcernaboutwhetherwehaveadigitallysavvy(精明的)workforcereadytotakeadvantageofit.Afterall,keepingtheworkforceuptospeedwiththelatestadvancesisakeyelementofthedigitaltransformationprocess,whichwillproveessentialifwehopetoimprovebusinessproductivityandefficiencyalongsideoureffortstoachievesustainedgrowth.Likewise,attheWorldEconomicForum'sannualmeetinginDavos,thecybersecurityskillsgapwasnamedasoneparticularareaofconcern.There'sgoodreasonforthisfocus:ifbusinessescan'tprotectthemselvesagainstexternalthreats,theyriskgoingbackwards.Andthat'sbeforetheyevenstartthinkingaboutachievinggrowth.Thisiswhyweneedtoaddressthedigitalskillsgapurgently.Well,weshouldstartbychangingthenarrativetohelpusrecruitandretainfromamorediversepooloftalent,givingbusinessesafarbetterchanceoffindingtheup-to-datedigitalskillstheyneed.And,whenitcomestoengagingandempoweringthecurrentworkforce,learninganddevelopmentopportunitieswillbekey,helpingemployeestoimprovetheirskillsforthebenefitofboththemselvesandtheiremployers.Tomakethisallhappen,leadersandemployersmustdemonstrateacommitmenttoteachingtheirworkforcesdigitalskillsbysettingclearexpectationsandprovidingalltheresourcesrequired.Oneapproach,forexample,wouldbetofocusonthepotentialintheexistingtalentpoolbyidentifyingthosealreadyskilledindigitalcapabilitiesandsupportingthemtoupskilltheircolleagues.Creatingacultureoflearning,withanemphasisonpersonalgrowth,canbeanimpressivemotivatorintheworkplace.Ofcourse,it'sallwellandgoodsayingthatdigitalskillsarevital,butaworkforcewithpurelyhardskillswillnotfuture-proofabusiness.There'saneedforsoftskillsthatsupportthebroadergoal,soasnottoneglecttheothercompetenciesrequiredinadigitaltransformation:communication,criticalthinking,creativedesignskills,andleadership.Toexploitthetechnologytoitsfullpotential,suchqualitiesareequallyimportant.Fundamentally,gettingtheinteractionrightbetweenhumansandtechnologywillbeparamountifbusinessesaretosucceed.Asaresult,humanskillsmustnotbeunderestimated.Everybusinesswillneedarangeofpeoplewithavarielyofskills—notonlythosewell-versedinmath,engineering,andscience,butalsothosewithcreativemindsandleadershipqualities.9.Thewriter'smainconcerninthedigitaltransformationprocessis__________A.thethreatsfromtechnologyB.thechallengeofupskillingworkforcesC.thecultureofquietquittingD.theshortageofexperiencedworkers10.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraph4and5that__________A.replacingcurrentworkforceswithdigitaltalentsisthekeyB.highrequirementsofrecruitmentensureasoundworkforceC.employersshoulddevelopalearningcultureinsidetheirworkforcesD.businessleadersshouldfocusonthetrainingoftheexistingtalentpool11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“paramount”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Crucial.B.Beneficial.C.ChallengingD.Inspiring12.Whatmightbethepurposeofthepassage?A.Toadvocatethenecessityofimprovingdigitalskills.B.Towarnhumansofthepotentialproblemswithtechnology.C.Tostresstheimportanceofcombininghardskillswithsoftskills.D.Todrawpeople'sattentiontotheever-increasingdigitalskillsgap.（2023北京朝陽(yáng)統(tǒng)考二模）Superhumanartificialintelligenceisalreadyamongus.Well,sortof.WhenitcomestoplayinggameslikechessandGo,orsolvingdifficultscientificchallengeslikepredictingproteinstructures,computersarewellaheadofus.Butwehaveonesuperpowertheyaren’tclosetomastering:mindreading.Humanshaveamysteriousabilitytoreasonthegoals,desiresandbeliefsofothers,acrucialskillthatmeanswecananticipateotherpeople’sactionsandtheconsequencesofourown.Readingmindscomessoeasilytous,though,thatweoftendon’tthinktospelloutwhatwewant.IfAIsaretobecometrulyusefulineverydaylife—tocooperateeffectivelywithusortounderstandthatachildmightrunintotheroadafterabouncingball—wehavetogivethemthisgiftthatevolutionhasgivenustoreadotherpeople’sminds.Psychologistsrefertotheabilitytoinferanother’smentalstateastheoryofmind.Inhumans,thiscapacitystartstodevelopataveryyoungage.Howtoreproducethecapabilityinmachinesisfarfromclear,though.Oneofthemainchallengesiscontext.Forinstance,ifsomeoneaskswhetheryouaregoingforarunandyoureply“it’sraining”,theycanquicklyconcludethattheanswerisno.Butthisrequireshugeamountsofbackgroundknowledgeaboutrunning,weatherandhumanpreferences.Moreover,whetherhumansorAI,thetheoryofmindissupposedtoemergenaturallyfromone’sownlearningprocess.BuildingpriorknowledgeintoAImakesitreliantonourimperfectunderstandingoftheoryofmind.Inaddition,AImaybecapableofdevelopingapproacheswecouldneverimagine.Therecanbemanyformsoftheoryofmindthatwedon’tknowaboutsimplybecauseweliveinahumanbodythathascertaintypesofsensesandacertainabilitytothink.YetwemightstillwantAItohaveamorehuman-likeformoftheoryofmind.Humanscanclearlyexplaintheirgoalsanddesirestoeachotherusingcommonlanguageandideas.WhilelettingAIformthetheoryofmindintheirlearningprocessislikelytoleadtodevelopingmorepowerfulAI,plainlybuildinginsharedwaystorepresentknowledgemaybecrucialforhumanstotrustandcommunicatewithAI.Itisimportanttoremember,though,thatthepursuitofmachineswiththeoryofmindisaboutmorethanjustbuildingmoreusefulrobots.ItisalsoasteppingstoneonthepathtowardsadeepergoalforAIandroboticsresearch:buildingtrulyself-awaremachines.Whetherwewillevergetthereremainstobeseen.Butalongthewaythinkingaboutotherpeopleandotheragents,weareonthepathtolearningtothinkaboutourselves.13.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcontextscanAIunderstandwell?A.Whenyouareaskedtoeatspicyfoodfordinnerandyoureply“asorethroat”.B.Whenateacherasksforaboy’shomeworkandheanswers“mydogateit”.C.Whenamomtellsherkidsomefoodisgoodforhealthandthekideatsit.D.Whenkidsseetheirmomafterhurtingthemselvesandtheycrylouder.14.Theauthorbelievesthat__________.A.humans’theoryofmindisfarfromperfectB.humanslimitAI’stheoryofmindtoanextentC.weshouldrejecthuman-likeformsofabilitiesforAID.sharedformsoftheoryofmindresultinmorepowerfulAI15.AsforAIs,whatdoestheauthorvaluemost?A.Reliability. B.Practicability.C.Reasoningcapability. D.Communicationability.16.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AIwithItsOwnTheoryofMindIsExpectedB.AIwithTheoryofMindWillReshapeOurFutureC.AI’sTheoryofMindIsaBlessingorSufferingtoHumansD.TheoryofMindBridgestheGapBetweenHumansandAI（2023北京豐臺(tái)統(tǒng)考二模）Coastalcitiesworldwidearesqueezedbytwoopposingforces:urbansprawl(擴(kuò)張)andtherisingsea.Thisstruggleisintenselyvisibleintheflatlandswhereexpandingneighborhoodsroutinelyfloodandsaltwaterfloodingdamagestherivermouthsthatprotectcommunitiesfromtheworstofourclimatecrisis.Massiveresourcesarebeingputintoenvironmentalrestorationprojects,anddevelopmentissubjecttomanylayersofapprovals.Yetin2022thecommissionersofacoastalcityvotedtoexpandalegalboundarythatcontainssprawltoallowa400-acrewarehouseproject.Theyarefailingtoseethevalueofthislandinthegreaterecosystem.Wetlands,coastalplainsandforestsdocheaply(orevenforfree)whatseawallsandpumpsdoatacostofbillionsofdollars.Theyarevitalinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)thatmakesusmoreresilientagainstclimatechange,andthecostofdestroyingthemorweakeningtheirabilitytofunctionmustbefactoredintothedecisionswemaketobuildandgrow.Todoso,theeconomicincentivestodevelopanynaturallandscapeshouldbeweighedagainsttheprotectiveeconomicvaluethatlandalreadyprovides.Economistscallthisan“avoideddamage”valuation.Localplanningboardsmightconsiderthevalueofasandduneorswampinfloodprotectionversustheexpenseofreplacingitwithaseawallandwaterpumpsystem.Maintainingandrestoringnaturalinfrastructuretosupporthealthyfunctioningsavesmoney,timeandlives.Theconceptof“naturalcapital”,ortheideathatecosystemservicesshouldbevaluedinasimilarmannerasanyformofwealth,datesbacktothe1970s.Marketshavealwaysvaluedwoodasacommodity(商品),forexample,butnottheservicesthatcamealongwithproducingit,suchassoilmaintenance,carbonstorage,andnutrientcycling.Wedidn’tneedamarketforresourcesthatindustrialistssawasabundant(豐富的)andendlesslyrenewable.Thisexploitative(開發(fā)資源的)assumptionturnedouttobeverywrong.Failingtomeasurethebenefitsofecosystemservicesinpolicyandmanagementdecisionsisamajorreasonmanyofthoseecosystemsdisappeared.Italsoseemscrasstoplaceadollaramountonecosystemsthatwe’dratherviewaspriceless,existingfortheirownsakeandvaluabletohumansinwaysthatarebeyondcapitalism.Thispreciousnessisethicallysound.Butdevelopershavelongconfusedpricelessnesswithworthlessness,allowingthemtoprofitwithoutpayingfortheconsequencesofdestroyingtheenvironment.Economicvalueisnevertheonlyreasonnatureisworthpreserving;itissimplyapowerful,underusedtooltohelpusmakedecisionsabouthowtolivemoresustainablyinaclimate-changedworld.Ifpolicymakersconsiderednaturalinfrastructureinthelanguageofeconomics,theymightrecognizejusthowdeeplywerelyonit.17.Whatarethefirsttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Theconsequencesofthesaltwaterflooding.B.Thecauseoftheurbansprawlandtherisingsea.C.Anapprovaltoanenvironmentalrestorationproject.D.Theproblemcausedbytheexpansionofcoastalcities18.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Theideaofnaturalcapitalcanenhancetheprofitofcommodity.B.Theeconomicgrowthbooststheprotectionofnaturallandscape.C.Theabundanceofresourcesisnotthereasonfordevaluingthem.D.Theexploitationofnaturereflectsthe“avoideddamage”valuation.19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crass”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Inadvisable. B.Beneficial.C.Relevant. D.Unrealistic.20.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toappealforstrictercontrolovercityscale.B.Toproposetheuseofnatureasinfrastructure.C.Tostresstheimportanceofecosystemservices.D.Topromotepublicawarenessofnatureprotection.（2023北京昌平統(tǒng)考二模）Doyouknowforestsareoneofourplanet'sgreatestcarbonsinks?Thismeansthattheyabsorbanenormousamountofcarbonreleasedintotheatmosphere,agreenhousegasthatcontributestoclimatechangeandtheearth'srisingtemperature.Thepoplartree,standingtallandregal,isknownforitsfast-growingnatureanditsgray,white,orblackbark.AbiotechnologyfirminSanFrancisco,CA,geneticallymodifiedpoplartrees.Accordingtoafour-monthstudyconductedintheirgreenhouse,theengineeredtreesgrew53%largerthantheirnormalcounterpartsandstored27%moreCO2.InFebruary2023,thecompanyalsoplantedmodifiedpoplartreesinsouthernGeorgia.ThismarksthefirsttimeintheUnitedStatesthatengineeredtreeshavebeenplantedoutsideofacontrolledlabsetting!Allplantsexperiencephotosynthesis（光合作用），wheresunlight，water，andCO2aretransformedintoglucoseandoxygen.However,almostalltreesreleaseapoisonoussubstanceintheprocess.Toremovethissubstance,treesmustuseupnewly-producedenergyinanotherstepknownasphoto-respiration（光呼吸作用），whichdoesnotproduceanyenergyandreleasesCO2backintotheatmosphere.Topreventplantsfromwastingtheirenergy,thebiotechnologyfirmengineeredtheirpoplartreeswithgenesfoundingreenalgae.Firsttestedintobaccoplants,theforeigngeneschangethepoisonoussubstanceproducedbytreesintosugars,sothatmoreenergycanbeusedforremovingcarbonandtreegrowth.Researchersfromthecompanyareplantingtheirpoplartreesonprivatelandthathasbeenpreviouslydisturbed,suchasabandonedcoalminesinPennsylvania.Themodifiedtreeswillbeplantedbetweennativeslikesweetgumandbaldcypresstoboostbiodiversityandmaintainsoilfertility（肥沃）.PlantbiologistNorbertoMartinezfromtheUniversityofIllinoissuggeststheengineeredpoplartreesmaynotthriveoutdoorsorwillrequiremorewaterandfertilizertomaintaintheirfastgrowth.Manysustainableforestryorganizationshavealsobannedengineeredtreesfrombeingplantedinforests.TheGlobalJusticeEcologyProjectarguedthatthesetreescouldinterferewitheffortstoprotectandregenerateforests.Thoughtheremaybeopposingopinionsregardinggeneticallymodifiedpoplartrees,onethingisforsure:theyholdthepotentialtolowergreenhousegasesinourenvironmentatafasterrate.Thiscompany'sattemptiscertainlyaninnovativeapproachtotheongoingclimatecrisis.21.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThenecessitytoabsorbCO2.B.Thebasicideabehindengineeredtrees.C.Theeffectofphotosynthesisonplants.D.Theimportanceofenergytransformation.22.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“interferewith"inParagraph5probablymean?A.Save.C.Interrupt.B.Measure.D.Strengthen.23.Whatcanweinferabouttheenginee