phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治_第1頁
phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治_第2頁
phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治_第3頁
phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治_第4頁
phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治_第5頁
全文預覽已結束

下載本文檔

版權說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權,請進行舉報或認領

文檔簡介

phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治

肝的黑暗是貴族的,用紳士的心。一個人用谷物的神經(jīng)通路是黑暗的。一般,它是用谷物、鈉、墨菲、亞麻狀、輕葉和海貓。第五,他們使用了光明和黑暗的知識。第五,他們使用了光明和黑暗的知識??傮w規(guī)劃、數(shù)量、表面、記憶、痕跡、人和事。為什么如此,為什么進入緩慢進入這位地方?在黑暗中的陽光和黑色中的馬蹄蓮上,在黑暗中的陽光中的馬蹄蓮上,在黑暗中的陽光中的馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陽光中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陽光中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上,在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上。Asepulcherimpliesdeathandconfinement.Thephrase“WhitedSepulchre”comesfromthebiblicalBookofMatthew,“Foryouarelikewhitewashedtombs,whichontheoutsidelookbeautiful,butinsidetheyarefullofthebonesofthedeadandofallkindsoffilth.Soyoualsoontheoutsidelookrighteoustoothers,butinsideyouarefullofhypocrisyandlawlessness.”.Inthepassage,Matthewdescribes“WhitedSepulchre”assomethingbeautifulontheoutsidebutcontaininghorrorsinside.In“HeartofDarkness”,the“Whitedsepulchre”isprobablyBrusselswherethecompany’sheadquartersarelocated.Thecompanylabelsitsmissionasoneofcivilizingandenlighteningthenativepeoples,while,inreality,theworkalongtheCongoRiverisprofit-driven.Thecompany’smethodsaresavageanddehumanizing,resultingindecayanddeathtobothwhitemenandtheircolonialsubjects.ThemapthatMarlowseesinthecompanyofficesshowsthecontinentoverlaidwith“blotchesofcolor,alotofblue,alittlegreen,smearsoforange,apurplepatch,toshowwherethejollypioneersofprogressdrinkthejollylager-beer.However,Iwasn’tgoingintoanyofthese,”continuesMarlow,“Iwasgoingintotheyellow.Deadinthecentre.Andtheriverwasthere-fascinating-deadly-likeasnake”38.AlthoughthemapwithdifferentcolorsrepresentingvariousimperialpresencesinAfricaisaneutralobject,Marlow’scommentsaboutthemaprevealthatimperialpowerswerenotallthesame.Theyellow,deadinthecentrecoversthesiteofsomeofthemostdisturbingatrocitiescommittedinthenameofempire-building.ReferringtotheriverasasnakebringstomindSatanandevil.TheCongoRiver,then,isseenbyMarlowasthecenterofevil.ThestrongestcolonialpowerintheCongowasthatofBelgian.HistoricallyHowever,Belgianshadthereputationofbeingfarandawaythemostcruelandrapaciousofthecolonialpowers.InthenovellatheBelgianmonarchspeaksrhetoricallyaboutthecivilizingbenefitsofcolonialism,anideawhichhasbeenespousedbyMarlow’saunt.MarlowobtainsajobwiththeBelgiancompanythattradesontheCongoRiverthroughtheinfluenceofhisauntwhohasfriendsinthecompany’sadministration.Withallformalitiescompleted,Marlowstopsofftosaygoodbyetohisaunt,whoexpressesherhopethathewillaidinthecivilizingofsavagesduringhisservicetothecompany.Shetalksabout“weaningthoseignorantmillionsfromtheirhorridways”(Conrad,1999,p.40).Marlowfeelsquiteuncomfortablebecauseheiswellawarethatthecompanyoperatesforprofitandnotforthegoodofhumanity.Similarly,theheadsofthecompanyjustifywhattheyarefact,theBelgianpresencetherewasmarkedbyblood-shedinhumanity.Itisobvious,asHeldhasstated,thatimperialismhasacquiredanewformasformalempireshavebeenreplacedbynewmechanismsofmultilateralcontrolandsurveillance”5.Sounderneaththeveneerofanoblemissionassociatedwiththecolorofpurelight,thereistheblacknessofdecayandcorruption.AsMarlowtravelsfromtheOuterStationtotheCentralStationandfinallyuptherivertotheInnerStation,heencountersexamplesoftorture,cruelty,andnear-slavery.Heseespilesofdecayingmachineryandagroupofblackprisonerswalkingalonginchainsundertheguardofanotherblackman.Heremarks,“I’veseenthedevilofviolence,andthedevilofgreed,andthedevilofhotdesire;butbyallthestars!Therewerestrong,lusty,red-eyeddevils,thatswayedanddrovemen-men,Itellyou.ButasIstoodonthishillside,IforesawthatintheblindingsunshineofthatlandIwouldbecomeacquaintedwithaflabby,pretending,weakeyeddevilofarapaciousandpitilessfolly”44.ThesedevilssymbolizetheevilsofimperialisminMarlow’sopinion.AttheCentralStation,Marlowseesanativebebitterlybeatenbecauseofhissupposedcrimeofcausingafire.“Servehimright.Transgression-punishment-bang!Pitiless,pitiless.That’stheonlyway’saidtheindefatigablemanwiththemoustaches”53.Conrademphasizesthecolonist’sill-treatmentofnativeAfricansasapartofthebenevolentprojectof“civilization”.ThenarrativeofthenovellabuildstowardtheMarlow’smeetingwithKurtz,whoisdescribedas“auniversalgenius”55,amostimportantfirst-classagentwhoisreputedtobeagreathumanitarian,andwhoembodiestheidealsandfinesentimentswithwhichEuropeansjustifyimperialism.AsWattstates“Kurtzwaspresumablyrepresentingcolonialismasenlightenmentthroughthetwovalueswithwhichthesymbolofalightedtorchisconventionallyassociated-educationandhopeforthefuture”229.However,Kurtzhasbecomeruthlessandrapacious.Marlowsaysofhim,“Hebeginswithhisargumentthat‘wewhites,fromthepointofdevelopmentwehadarrivedat,mustnecessarilyappeartothem[savages]inthenatureofsupernaturalbeings-weapproachthemwiththemightasofadeity.’”78.ButKurtz’ssupposeddesireto“civilize”thenativesisstrikinglycontradictedbyhispostscript,“ExterminatealltheBrutes”78.Incontrasttothewhitesymbols,theAfricanjungleisoneofthesymbolsfordarkness.TowhiteEuropeans,thegroveisasymbolforprimitivenessandsavagery.Andmostreadersconnectthejunglewithdarkness.“TheJungleistheoppositeofamoralsymbol—itstandsforthesavageinman,forhisutterisolationandhismoralcollapse”24.However,asMarlowproceedsdeeperintotheheartoftheAfricanjungle,herealizesthatsavageryisaprimitiveformofcivilization.“Whatthrilledyouwasjustthethoughtoftheirhumanity-likeyours-thethoughtofyourremotekinshipwiththiswildandpassionateuproar.”64.WithhisfirststepintothegroveattheOuterStation,Marlowhasafeelingthathehassteppedinto“thegloomycircleofsomeInferno”;“rushingnoisesfilledthemournfulstillnessofthegrove.”44.Marlow’shorroratthegrovesuggeststhatthetrueevilsofthiscolonialenterprisearedehumanizationanddeath.“Blackshapescrouched,lay,satbetweenthetrees,leaningagainstthetrunks,clingingtotheearth,halfcomingout,halfeffacedwithinthedimlight,inalltheattitudesofpain,abandonment,anddespair”44.Thesenativesarenotenemiesormadlyinsaneasthewhitesinthestationdescribed,buttheyaresick,starving,dying,helplessandweak.Insharpcontrasttothesestarved,deprived,wretched,shabbynatives,thecompany’schiefaccountantisluxuriouslydressed.“Isawahighstarchedcollar,whitecuffs,alightalpacajacket,snowytrousers,clearnecktie,andvanishedboots”45.Heteachesoneofthenativewomentotakecareofhislinen,thoughshedislikesthework.Ineffect,hehasmadeaslaveofthewoman,whichindicatesthehypocrisyoftheimperialismandtheinhumaneandbrutaltreatmentofthenativesbythewhites.Furthermore,throughhiscontactwithKurtz,Marlowrealizeswhatevilliesintheheartofhumannature.WhenMarlowfirstlearnsofKurtz’sactivitiesinthejungle,heattributesKurtz’smoraldownfallormadnesstohislackofconnectednesswithcivilization.Marlowblamesthedark,mysteriousforceofthejungleforKurtz’sactions.Atthispointinthenarrative,Marlowregardssavageryasavicehavingabscondedwithnature.“Never,neverbefore,didthisland,thisriver,thisjungle,theveryarchofthisblazingsky,appeartomesohopelessandsodark,soimpenetrabletohumanthought,sopitilesstohumanweakness”83.Finally,hebecomesawarethattheAfricanjungleisnottobeblameforthemakingofbrutalandmadKurtz,but“allEuropecontributedtothemakingofKurtz”77.Kurtz’sengagementwithhisfiancéhasbeendisapprovedbyherpeopleforheisnotrichenough.Hiscolleagues,envyinghistalents,conspireagainsthim.Theunfairtreatmentinthecivilizedworldfuelstheevilhiddeninhisheartwhichoverwhelmshimoncehegetsawayfromtheconstraintsofcivilization.Gradually,MarlowcomestounderstandthatKurtz’smadnessandbrutalityisareflectionoftheevilthatresidesintheheartsofallmen.Thetemptationofthegrove,thedarksideofhumannature,hassostrongapoweroverKurtzthathewouldratherstayinprimitiveandsavageAfrica,freefromvirtualandlegalboundariesofcivilizationthantoreturntocivilization.MarlowsaysofKurtz,“Forthewildernesshadpattedhimonthehead,andbehold,itwaslikeaball-anivoryball;ithadcaressedhim,and-lo!-hehadwithered;ithadtakenhim,lovedhim,embracedhim,gotintohisveins,consumedhisflesh,andsealedhissoultoitsownbytheinconceivableceremoniesofsomedevilishinitiation”76.ToMarlow,Kurtzishisinneraid.OnhiswaytoKurtz’sstation,hefindshimself“l(fā)umpedalongwithKurtzasapartisanofmethodsforwhichthetimewasnotripe:Iwasunsound!”90.Tosomeextent,Marlow’spersistenceinseekingKurtzdespiteallhardshipsindicatesthattherealhumannaturedisplayedbyKurtzisverytemptingtohim.EvenKurtz’sbrutalactionsarenotshockingtoMarlow.Heremarks“Iseemedatoneboundtohavebeentransportedintosomelightlessregionofsubtlehorrors,wherepure,uncomplicatedsavagerywasapositiverelief,beingsomethingthathadarighttoexist-obviouslyinthesunshine.”86.HeslowlyrealizesthathehassomethingincommonwithKurtz.Fog,asitisdescribedinthenovella,isanothersymbolofdarkness.Itsuggestsnotonlyobscuritybutalsodistortion:itgivesonejustenoughinformationtobeginwithadecisionbutnowaytojudgetheaccuracyofthatinformation,whichoftenendsupbeingwrong.“Whenthesunrosetherewasawhitefog,verywarmandclammy,andmoreblindingthanthenightacry,averyloudcry,asofinfinitedesolation,soaredslowlyintheopaqueare…tomeitseemedasthoughthemistitselfhadscreamed,sosuddenly,andapparentlyfromallsidesatonce,didthistumultuousandmournfuluproararise”67.Literarily,thefogobscuresMarlow’svisionandleaveshimwithnoideaofwhereheisgoingandknowingnotwhetheropenwaterliesahead.Hecanonlymakeajudgmentbasedonvoicesandwordswhich,however,seemstobefrom“allsides”.Hedoesnotthinkthenativeswillattack,fortheircrieshavesoundedmoresorrowfulthanwarlike.Allhisjudgmentsturnouttobewrong.Metaphorically,thishasbeenMarlow’ssituationforthemostpartofthestory.HehashadtoformulateanotionofKurtzbasedonlyonsecondhandaccountsoftheman’sexploitsandpersonality.ThishasbeenbothenrichinganddangerousforMarlow.Ontheonehand,havingthefigureofKurtzasanobjectformeditationhasprovidedadistractionfromhisunpleasantsurroundings.“ItseemedtomeIhadneverbreathedanatmospheresovile,andIturnedmentallytoKurtzforrelief-positivelyforrelief.”“IthinkMr.Kurtzisaremarkableman’,Isaidwithemphasis”90.KurtzgivesMarlowasenseofpossibility.Atthesametime,Marlow’sfantasizingaboutKurtzhasitshazards.BybecomingintriguedwithKurtz,MarlowbecomesdangerouslyalienatedfromanddislikedbytheCompany’srepresentatives.“Hestarted…turnedhisbackonme.Myhouroffavorwasover.”90.“Iofferedhimthereportonthe‘SuppressionofSavageCustoms’withthepostscriptumtornoff.Hetookitupeagerly,butendedbysniffingatitwithanairofcontempt.”“T

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預覽,若沒有圖紙預覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負責。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權或不適當內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論