phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治

phrase綠色環(huán)保的現(xiàn)代政治

肝的黑暗是貴族的，用紳士的心。一個(gè)人用谷物的神經(jīng)通路是黑暗的。一般，它是用谷物、鈉、墨菲、亞麻狀、輕葉和海貓。第五，他們使用了光明和黑暗的知識(shí)。第五，他們使用了光明和黑暗的知識(shí)?？傮w規(guī)劃、數(shù)量、表面、記憶、痕跡、人和事。為什么如此，為什么進(jìn)入緩慢進(jìn)入這位地方？在黑暗中的陽(yáng)光和黑色中的馬蹄蓮上，在黑暗中的陽(yáng)光中的馬蹄蓮上，在黑暗中的陽(yáng)光中的馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陽(yáng)光中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陽(yáng)光中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上，在緩慢中的陰影馬蹄蓮上。Asepulcherimpliesdeathandconfinement.Thephrase“WhitedSepulchre”comesfromthebiblicalBookofMatthew,“Foryouarelikewhitewashedtombs,whichontheoutsidelookbeautiful,butinsidetheyarefullofthebonesofthedeadandofallkindsoffilth.Soyoualsoontheoutsidelookrighteoustoothers,butinsideyouarefullofhypocrisyandlawlessness.”.Inthepassage,Matthewdescribes“WhitedSepulchre”assomethingbeautifulontheoutsidebutcontaininghorrorsinside.In“HeartofDarkness”,the“Whitedsepulchre”isprobablyBrusselswherethecompany’sheadquartersarelocated.Thecompanylabelsitsmissionasoneofcivilizingandenlighteningthenativepeoples,while,inreality,theworkalongtheCongoRiverisprofit-driven.Thecompany’smethodsaresavageanddehumanizing,resultingindecayanddeathtobothwhitemenandtheircolonialsubjects.ThemapthatMarlowseesinthecompanyofficesshowsthecontinentoverlaidwith“blotchesofcolor,alotofblue,alittlegreen,smearsoforange,apurplepatch,toshowwherethejollypioneersofprogressdrinkthejollylager-beer.However,Iwasn’tgoingintoanyofthese,”continuesMarlow,“Iwasgoingintotheyellow.Deadinthecentre.Andtheriverwasthere-fascinating-deadly-likeasnake”38.AlthoughthemapwithdifferentcolorsrepresentingvariousimperialpresencesinAfricaisaneutralobject,Marlow’scommentsaboutthemaprevealthatimperialpowerswerenotallthesame.Theyellow,deadinthecentrecoversthesiteofsomeofthemostdisturbingatrocitiescommittedinthenameofempire-building.ReferringtotheriverasasnakebringstomindSatanandevil.TheCongoRiver,then,isseenbyMarlowasthecenterofevil.ThestrongestcolonialpowerintheCongowasthatofBelgian.HistoricallyHowever,Belgianshadthereputationofbeingfarandawaythemostcruelandrapaciousofthecolonialpowers.InthenovellatheBelgianmonarchspeaksrhetoricallyaboutthecivilizingbenefitsofcolonialism,anideawhichhasbeenespousedbyMarlow’saunt.MarlowobtainsajobwiththeBelgiancompanythattradesontheCongoRiverthroughtheinfluenceofhisauntwhohasfriendsinthecompany’sadministration.Withallformalitiescompleted,Marlowstopsofftosaygoodbyetohisaunt,whoexpressesherhopethathewillaidinthecivilizingofsavagesduringhisservicetothecompany.Shetalksabout“weaningthoseignorantmillionsfromtheirhorridways”(Conrad,1999,p.40).Marlowfeelsquiteuncomfortablebecauseheiswellawarethatthecompanyoperatesforprofitandnotforthegoodofhumanity.Similarly,theheadsofthecompanyjustifywhattheyarefact,theBelgianpresencetherewasmarkedbyblood-shedinhumanity.Itisobvious,asHeldhasstated,thatimperialismhasacquiredanewformasformalempireshavebeenreplacedbynewmechanismsofmultilateralcontrolandsurveillance”5.Sounderneaththeveneerofanoblemissionassociatedwiththecolorofpurelight,thereistheblacknessofdecayandcorruption.AsMarlowtravelsfromtheOuterStationtotheCentralStationandfinallyuptherivertotheInnerStation,heencountersexamplesoftorture,cruelty,andnear-slavery.Heseespilesofdecayingmachineryandagroupofblackprisonerswalkingalonginchainsundertheguardofanotherblackman.Heremarks,“I’veseenthedevilofviolence,andthedevilofgreed,andthedevilofhotdesire;butbyallthestars!Therewerestrong,lusty,red-eyeddevils,thatswayedanddrovemen-men,Itellyou.ButasIstoodonthishillside,IforesawthatintheblindingsunshineofthatlandIwouldbecomeacquaintedwithaflabby,pretending,weakeyeddevilofarapaciousandpitilessfolly”44.ThesedevilssymbolizetheevilsofimperialisminMarlow’sopinion.AttheCentralStation,Marlowseesanativebebitterlybeatenbecauseofhissupposedcrimeofcausingafire.“Servehimright.Transgression-punishment-bang!Pitiless,pitiless.That’stheonlyway’saidtheindefatigablemanwiththemoustaches”53.Conrademphasizesthecolonist’sill-treatmentofnativeAfricansasapartofthebenevolentprojectof“civilization”.ThenarrativeofthenovellabuildstowardtheMarlow’smeetingwithKurtz,whoisdescribedas“auniversalgenius”55,amostimportantfirst-classagentwhoisreputedtobeagreathumanitarian,andwhoembodiestheidealsandfinesentimentswithwhichEuropeansjustifyimperialism.AsWattstates“Kurtzwaspresumablyrepresentingcolonialismasenlightenmentthroughthetwovalueswithwhichthesymbolofalightedtorchisconventionallyassociated-educationandhopeforthefuture”229.However,Kurtzhasbecomeruthlessandrapacious.Marlowsaysofhim,“Hebeginswithhisargumentthat‘wewhites,fromthepointofdevelopmentwehadarrivedat,mustnecessarilyappeartothem[savages]inthenatureofsupernaturalbeings-weapproachthemwiththemightasofadeity.’”78.ButKurtz’ssupposeddesireto“civilize”thenativesisstrikinglycontradictedbyhispostscript,“ExterminatealltheBrutes”78.Incontrasttothewhitesymbols,theAfricanjungleisoneofthesymbolsfordarkness.TowhiteEuropeans,thegroveisasymbolforprimitivenessandsavagery.Andmostreadersconnectthejunglewithdarkness.“TheJungleistheoppositeofamoralsymbol—itstandsforthesavageinman,forhisutterisolationandhismoralcollapse”24.However,asMarlowproceedsdeeperintotheheartoftheAfricanjungle,herealizesthatsavageryisaprimitiveformofcivilization.“Whatthrilledyouwasjustthethoughtoftheirhumanity-likeyours-thethoughtofyourremotekinshipwiththiswildandpassionateuproar.”64.WithhisfirststepintothegroveattheOuterStation,Marlowhasafeelingthathehassteppedinto“thegloomycircleofsomeInferno”;“rushingnoisesfilledthemournfulstillnessofthegrove.”44.Marlow’shorroratthegrovesuggeststhatthetrueevilsofthiscolonialenterprisearedehumanizationanddeath.“Blackshapescrouched,lay,satbetweenthetrees,leaningagainstthetrunks,clingingtotheearth,halfcomingout,halfeffacedwithinthedimlight,inalltheattitudesofpain,abandonment,anddespair”44.Thesenativesarenotenemiesormadlyinsaneasthewhitesinthestationdescribed,buttheyaresick,starving,dying,helplessandweak.Insharpcontrasttothesestarved,deprived,wretched,shabbynatives,thecompany’schiefaccountantisluxuriouslydressed.“Isawahighstarchedcollar,whitecuffs,alightalpacajacket,snowytrousers,clearnecktie,andvanishedboots”45.Heteachesoneofthenativewomentotakecareofhislinen,thoughshedislikesthework.Ineffect,hehasmadeaslaveofthewoman,whichindicatesthehypocrisyoftheimperialismandtheinhumaneandbrutaltreatmentofthenativesbythewhites.Furthermore,throughhiscontactwithKurtz,Marlowrealizeswhatevilliesintheheartofhumannature.WhenMarlowfirstlearnsofKurtz’sactivitiesinthejungle,heattributesKurtz’smoraldownfallormadnesstohislackofconnectednesswithcivilization.Marlowblamesthedark,mysteriousforceofthejungleforKurtz’sactions.Atthispointinthenarrative,Marlowregardssavageryasavicehavingabscondedwithnature.“Never,neverbefore,didthisland,thisriver,thisjungle,theveryarchofthisblazingsky,appeartomesohopelessandsodark,soimpenetrabletohumanthought,sopitilesstohumanweakness”83.Finally,hebecomesawarethattheAfricanjungleisnottobeblameforthemakingofbrutalandmadKurtz,but“allEuropecontributedtothemakingofKurtz”77.Kurtz’sengagementwithhisfiancéhasbeendisapprovedbyherpeopleforheisnotrichenough.Hiscolleagues,envyinghistalents,conspireagainsthim.Theunfairtreatmentinthecivilizedworldfuelstheevilhiddeninhisheartwhichoverwhelmshimoncehegetsawayfromtheconstraintsofcivilization.Gradually,MarlowcomestounderstandthatKurtz’smadnessandbrutalityisareflectionoftheevilthatresidesintheheartsofallmen.Thetemptationofthegrove,thedarksideofhumannature,hassostrongapoweroverKurtzthathewouldratherstayinprimitiveandsavageAfrica,freefromvirtualandlegalboundariesofcivilizationthantoreturntocivilization.MarlowsaysofKurtz,“Forthewildernesshadpattedhimonthehead,andbehold,itwaslikeaball-anivoryball;ithadcaressedhim,and-lo!-hehadwithered;ithadtakenhim,lovedhim,embracedhim,gotintohisveins,consumedhisflesh,andsealedhissoultoitsownbytheinconceivableceremoniesofsomedevilishinitiation”76.ToMarlow,Kurtzishisinneraid.OnhiswaytoKurtz’sstation,hefindshimself“l(fā)umpedalongwithKurtzasapartisanofmethodsforwhichthetimewasnotripe:Iwasunsound!”90.Tosomeextent,Marlow’spersistenceinseekingKurtzdespiteallhardshipsindicatesthattherealhumannaturedisplayedbyKurtzisverytemptingtohim.EvenKurtz’sbrutalactionsarenotshockingtoMarlow.Heremarks“Iseemedatoneboundtohavebeentransportedintosomelightlessregionofsubtlehorrors,wherepure,uncomplicatedsavagerywasapositiverelief,beingsomethingthathadarighttoexist-obviouslyinthesunshine.”86.HeslowlyrealizesthathehassomethingincommonwithKurtz.Fog,asitisdescribedinthenovella,isanothersymbolofdarkness.Itsuggestsnotonlyobscuritybutalsodistortion:itgivesonejustenoughinformationtobeginwithadecisionbutnowaytojudgetheaccuracyofthatinformation,whichoftenendsupbeingwrong.“Whenthesunrosetherewasawhitefog,verywarmandclammy,andmoreblindingthanthenightacry,averyloudcry,asofinfinitedesolation,soaredslowlyintheopaqueare…tomeitseemedasthoughthemistitselfhadscreamed,sosuddenly,andapparentlyfromallsidesatonce,didthistumultuousandmournfuluproararise”67.Literarily,thefogobscuresMarlow’svisionandleaveshimwithnoideaofwhereheisgoingandknowingnotwhetheropenwaterliesahead.Hecanonlymakeajudgmentbasedonvoicesandwordswhich,however,seemstobefrom“allsides”.Hedoesnotthinkthenativeswillattack,fortheircrieshavesoundedmoresorrowfulthanwarlike.Allhisjudgmentsturnouttobewrong.Metaphorically,thishasbeenMarlow’ssituationforthemostpartofthestory.HehashadtoformulateanotionofKurtzbasedonlyonsecondhandaccountsoftheman’sexploitsandpersonality.ThishasbeenbothenrichinganddangerousforMarlow.Ontheonehand,havingthefigureofKurtzasanobjectformeditationhasprovidedadistractionfromhisunpleasantsurroundings.“ItseemedtomeIhadneverbreathedanatmospheresovile,andIturnedmentallytoKurtzforrelief-positivelyforrelief.”“IthinkMr.Kurtzisaremarkableman’,Isaidwithemphasis”90.KurtzgivesMarlowasenseofpossibility.Atthesametime,Marlow’sfantasizingaboutKurtzhasitshazards.BybecomingintriguedwithKurtz,MarlowbecomesdangerouslyalienatedfromanddislikedbytheCompany’srepresentatives.“Hestarted…turnedhisbackonme.Myhouroffavorwasover.”90.“Iofferedhimthereportonthe‘SuppressionofSavageCustoms’withthepostscriptumtornoff.Hetookitupeagerly,butendedbysniffingatitwithanairofcontempt.”“T