語法專項突破系列3

語法專項突破系列3.形容詞和副詞考點1形容詞和副詞的詞形變化★★★★1.形容詞后綴(1)-able:①v.+able:reliable,eatable,enjoyable,movable等。②n.+able:valuable,reasonable,knowledgeable等。(2)-ible:terrible,horrible,invisible,possible等。(3)-al:international,mental,medical,natural,general等。(4)-ant或-ent:instant,distant,constant,important,patient,different,absent等。(5)-ed或-ing:interested,interesting,pleased,pleasing等。(6)-en:wooden,golden,spoken,written,mistaken等。(7)-ern:eastern,southern,western,northern等。(8)-ful:①n.+ful:colorful,beautiful,helpful,powerful等。②v.+ful:forgetful,careful等。(9)-less:fearless,harmless,useless,helpless等。(10)n.+ly:friendly,lovely,weekly等。(11)n./v.+(i)ous:curious,dangerous,various,anxious等。(12)-some:handsome,troublesome,tiresome等。(13)

n.+y:funny,lucky,snowy,rainy,dusty等。2.形容詞前綴:(1)un-:unhappy,unfair等。(2)im-:impossible,impolite等。(3)in-:inactive,inconvenient等。(4)dis-:disabled,dishonest等。(5)ir-:irregular,irresponsible等。(6)il-:illegal等。3.副詞后綴:一般都是adj.+ly構(gòu)成,如simple→simply等?！军c津】注意以-e結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞時有的去掉e,有的不去e,直接加-ly。例如:definite→definitely,true→truly等是不同的?！镜淅饰觥坑盟o詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2016·全國卷Ⅰ)Thetitlewillbe

(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.解題關(guān)鍵:此處表示這個頭銜將在倫敦的一個儀式上正式授予“我”,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,應(yīng)該使用副詞作狀語修飾動詞given。答案判定:officially【高考集訓(xùn)】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/單句改錯1.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat______(slow)duringcoolnights.2.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)As_______(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.

slowlynatural3.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Theriverwassopollutedthatit_______(actual)caughtfireandburned.4.(2014·遼寧高考)Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches,naturallyand_____(soft).actuallysoftly5.(2014·全國卷Ⅱ)Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers________(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.6.(2015·全國卷Ⅱ)Hownicetoseeyouagain!DadandIwereterribleworried.(改錯)

()suddenlyterrible改為terribly7.(2014·遼寧高考)Thatistoomuchforus,consideringhowcloselythehousesare.(改錯)

()closely改為close考點2形容詞和副詞的基本用法★★★★1.在高考語法填空和短文改錯中會涉及一些常見的、與派生詞變化無關(guān)的基本形容詞和副詞的用法,如before,ago,many,much,ever,never等。2.有些副詞,如fortunately,luckily,surprisingly,honestly,actually,personally等,作評注性狀語,往往修飾整個句子,而且它們常位于句首,且有逗號與后面句子分開。把握這樣的結(jié)構(gòu)和用法特點,有助于快速填空。3.連接副詞的用法。連接副詞邏輯語意意義though表轉(zhuǎn)折雖然,然而yet表轉(zhuǎn)折然而,可是however表轉(zhuǎn)折,其后常用逗號然而,但是instead表轉(zhuǎn)折或相反相反,代替otherwise表轉(zhuǎn)折否則besides表遞進(jìn)另外,而且連接副詞邏輯語意意義moreover表遞進(jìn)再說,而且still表遞進(jìn)仍然,依然therefore表結(jié)果因此thus表結(jié)果因此anyway表讓步無論如何【點津】注意however是?？荚~,而且尤其要注意,所填空位于句首時,勿忘大寫第一個字母!短文改錯中可能會涉及對這些副詞邏輯語意的考查。*Manyofuswereraisedwiththesaying“Wastenot,wantnot.”Noneofus,however,cancompletelyavoidwasteinourlives.

【典例剖析】單句改錯(2015·全國卷Ⅰ)Muchrareanimalsaredyingout.解題關(guān)鍵:可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)animals前應(yīng)該用many修飾。注意:首字母應(yīng)該大寫。答案判定:句中的Much→Many【高考集訓(xùn)】單句改錯/填空1.(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Therearesomuchtomatoesthatweoftensharethemwithourneighbors.(改錯)

()2.(2015·陜西高考)Ithoughtthebiscuitswerereallywell.(改錯)

()much改為manywell改為good3.(2013·全國卷Ⅰ)Iremembermygrandfatherverymuch.(改錯)

()4.(2013·全國卷Ⅰ)However,hewasthegentlestmanIhaveneverknown.(改錯)

()5.(2015·廣東高考)_______(lucky),healsohadacowwhichproducedmilkeveryday.much改為well/clearlynever改為everLuckily考點3比較級、最高級的用法★★★有關(guān)比較級和最高級的考查主要有以下幾點:1.等級用法的固定句式(1)as+形容詞或副詞原級+as...像……一樣……(2)as+adj.+a(n)+n.單數(shù)+as...像……一樣……(3)notso/as+形容詞或副詞原級+as...不如……那樣……(4)too/how+adj.+a/an+單數(shù)名詞的固定句型(5)asmany+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+as...或者asmuch+不可數(shù)名詞+as...和……一樣多(6)表示“兩者中較……的一個”,用“the+比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu)。注意:asmuch+a/an+n.

單數(shù)+as...既是……又是……*Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingisasmuchanartasitisascience.人們通常認(rèn)為教學(xué)既是一門藝術(shù)也是一門科學(xué)。2.修飾比較級的副詞及副詞短語abit,alittle,rather,much,far,byfar,manytimes,alot,agreatdeal,any,still,even,no等。見到這些詞時,首先考慮所填空是否要用比較級或最高級形式。注意:very,quite,fairly,too等通常修飾原級。3.否定詞十比較級表示最高級①Yourstoryisperfect;I’veneverheardabetteronebefore.你的故事太完美了,我之前從來沒有聽過比這更好的故事。②Ican’tagreemore.我非常同意?！军c津】對于形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級的考查具有比較直接化的特點,常出現(xiàn)標(biāo)志性的單詞,如as,than等,也常通過設(shè)置語境,讓考生判斷用原級、比較級還是最高級,所以準(zhǔn)確理解語境意義,理順上下文邏輯關(guān)系也是解題關(guān)鍵。另外,很多考生在寫作中對“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”這一句式結(jié)構(gòu)掌握不夠精準(zhǔn),需要注意,在兩個the+比較級的后面的兩個分句都要用陳述語序?！镜淅饰觥坑盟o詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(2014·全國卷Ⅰ)Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris________(clean)thanever.解題關(guān)鍵:句意:最后人們的努力得到了回報,現(xiàn)在這條河比以前更干凈了。根據(jù)句意以及空后的than,可知空缺處應(yīng)該填提示詞的比較級形式。答案判定:cleaner【高考集訓(xùn)】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空/單句改錯1.(2015·北京高考)Ididn’trealizehowlateitwaswhenwewereplaying.Maybeweshouldplaysome_______(quiet)musicatnight.2.(2015·天津高考)Itwasalsomuchmorethanwecouldafford,butfar___(little)thantheoriginalaskingprice.

quieterless3.(2015·安徽高考)Advertisementspersuadeusthatneweris______(good)andthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.4.(2015·天津高考)Helookedatmeforamoment,andthenwroteasentencecontainingthe____(good)adviceI’veeverhad.betterbest5.(2014·遼寧高考)The______(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.6.(2015·陜西高考)Mymummakesthebetterbiscuitsintheworld.(改錯)

(_____________)7.(2013·浙江高考)Tom