高考英語閱讀理解講解課件

考試題型精講閱讀理解第一節(jié)

考試大綱解讀考試大綱解讀題量：共3篇文章，每個文章后有5個小題，共15小題，滿分30分要求：讀懂書、報、雜志中難度中等的一般性話題的簡短文段以及信函、技術(shù)、說明書、合同等簡短實用文字材料題目難度：①英文原版材料，包括報紙、雜志、書籍、學術(shù)期刊，難度適中②對說明文、應用文、議論文和記敘文考察③事實細節(jié)題和推理判斷題為重點考試大綱解讀①理解主旨要義②理解文中具體信息③根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞、短語和句子含義④做出推理和判斷⑤理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)主旨大意題細節(jié)理解題詞匯猜測題推理判斷題主旨大意題考試大綱解讀⑥理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度⑦快速查找相關(guān)信息觀點態(tài)度題細節(jié)理解題考試大綱解讀（應試方法）1、精讀和泛讀相結(jié)合，堅持每天精讀一篇專升本閱讀文章方式：查出里面的生詞、短語，分析長難句，積累寫作常用句型2、朗讀文章，提高語感3、先看題，后看文，根據(jù)題目定位文章所在段落4、先易后難，保證細節(jié)理解題拿滿分考試大綱解讀（文章體裁）應用文：日常生活中或工作中經(jīng)常使用的一種文體說明文：以說明為主要表達方式來解說事物、闡明事理的一種文體議論文：對某個問題、觀點或某件事情進行分析、評論、表明自己的觀點、立場、態(tài)度、意見的一種文體記敘文：寫人、敘事、寫景、狀物為主要內(nèi)容的一種文體信函、說明書、合同、廣告、啟事、海報社會文化、風俗習慣教育教學、幽默笑話科學技術(shù)、政治經(jīng)濟考試題型精講閱讀理解第二節(jié)

解題方法和題型講解不同體裁閱讀方法應用文：掌握文章主旨大意和主要細節(jié)說明文：結(jié)構(gòu)：總分、分總、總分總注意面積、重量、數(shù)量、溫度、距離等數(shù)字議論文：論點、論據(jù)、論證結(jié)論最重要不同體裁閱讀方法記敘文：寫人、敘事、寫景、狀物人物特征、情節(jié)、事件發(fā)生地點時間和結(jié)局閱讀方法skimming略讀：了解文章的大意和要點scanning精讀：理解文章具體細節(jié)側(cè)重：1、首句、首段、（往往中心、論點、主題）尾段2、語篇標志詞（舉例、比較、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、時間、地點、目的、條件、結(jié)論）題型（細節(jié)理解題）提問方式：Accordingtothepassage,where/when/why/how/who/what/which...？Wecanseethatchildrenunder17intheUK...ThestudyatZhejiangUniversityfoundthat...Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?Accordingtoparagraphone,whichstatementisnottrue?題型（細節(jié)理解題）直接細節(jié)題：5w+1h提問：where/who/why/when/who/which+how是非題:TrueFalseNottrue/correctNotfalseNottrueexceptNotmentioned方法：原文定位比對方法：排除法題型（細節(jié)理解題）GreeceIfyouareofferedacakeonNewYear’sDayinGreece,youmayneedtoughteeth,becauseyoumaygetthepiecewithacoin.AsJanuary1stisalsoSaintBasil’sDayinGreece,youwillhaveafullluckyyear.WhatmightGreeksfindinSt.Basil’sCakeonNewYear’sDay?A.AgrapeB.AringC.AcoinD.AtoothC題型（細節(jié)理解題）SpainPeopleinSpainhaveauniquewaytocelebrateNewYear'sDay.Itisacustomtoeat12grapesatmidnightonNewYear'sEve,inthecomingyear.Ifyouareabletogetallofthemintoyourmouth,allofyourwisheswillcometrue!EatinggrapesonNewYear'sEveisacustomin______.A.GreeceB.IrelandC.SpainD.DenmarkC題型（細節(jié)理解題）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?A.MenworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamilyB.ThewomanmademostofthedecisionsC.ThewomanstayedathometocareforthechildrenD.Themanpaidthebills題型（細節(jié)理解題）Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,theypaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,thehouse,andotherfamilyneeds,themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?A.Menworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily題型（細節(jié)理解題）Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,theypaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,thehouse,andotherfamilyneeds,themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?B.Thewomanmademostofthedecisionstheman題型（細節(jié)理解題）Inthetraditionalmarriage,thewomanseldomworkedawayfromthehouse.Shestayedathometocareforthechildrenandherhusband.Shecookedmeals,cleanedthehouse,washedtheclothes,anddidotherhousework.Herjobathomewasveryimportant.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?C.Thewomanstayedathometocareforthechildren題型（細節(jié)理解題）Inthetraditionalmarriage,themanworkedatajobtoearnmoneyforthefamily.Mostmenworkedinanoffice,afactory,orsomeotherplaceawayfromthehome.Sincethemanearnedthemoney,theypaidthebills.Themoneywasusedforfood,clothes,thehouse,andotherfamilyneeds,themanmademostofthedecisions.Hewastheboss.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueinthetraditionalmarriage?D.Themanpaidthebills題型（細節(jié)理解題）Menandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingexceptto_______A.marryortostaysingleB.workorstayathomeC.leavetheirjobjustbecausetheyhavechildrenD.havetheirrolesthatarecomfortableforthem題型（細節(jié)理解題）Therearetwoimportantdifferencesinmaleandfemalerolesnow.(Oneisthatbothmenandwomenhavemanymorechoices.Theymaychoosetomarryortostaysingle.Theymaychoosetoworkorstayathome.Bothmenandwomenmaychooserolesthatarecomfortableforthem.Menandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingexceptto_______A.marryortostaysingleB.workorstayathome題型（細節(jié)理解題）Therearetwoimportantdifferencesinmaleandfemalerolesnow.(Oneisthatbothmenandwomenhavemanymorechoices.Theymaychoosetomarryortostaysingle.Theymaychoosetoworkorstayathome.Bothmenandwomenmaychooserolesthatarecomfortableforthem.Menandwomenmaynowchooseallthefollowingexceptto_______C.leavetheirjobjustbecausetheyhavechildrenD.havetheirrolesthatarecomfortableforthemC題型（細節(jié)理解題）直接細節(jié)題：原因結(jié)果類Theauthorarguesthat...because_______.Why...?標志詞：because(of),why,because,thanksto,contributeto,leadto,cause,resultin,accountfor,sothat,so...原因題型（細節(jié)理解題）Wide-heeledshoesfeelcomfortable,sowomenwearthemalldaylong,”Kerrigansaid.“Theyarebetterforyourfeetthanstilettoheels(細高跟),butjustashadforyourknees.”...Weknowthatwomenchoosewideheelsbecause_____.A.theywanttowalkcomfortablyB.wideheeledshoesarecheaperthanstilettoheelsC.wideheelsdolessharmtokneesD.wideheelsarenotpainfulatallA題型（細節(jié)理解題）直接細節(jié)題：數(shù)字計算提問：when,inwhichyear,howmuch/many注意一些特殊詞匯：decade十年fornight兩周double兩倍triple三倍couple兩個score二十dozen十二off減價discount折扣TherobotBuddycanprotectthehomeandcallaperson’sphoneifthereisafire.Manyoftherobotshavecamerassoyouknowthatsomeoneisslidingintoyourhome.Duetoitsconvenienceandsafety,Buddywillbeusedinmanyhousesinthefuture.正誤并存；半對半錯AWhatdoweknowabout“Buddy”?A.Buddygointodifferentfamilies.B.Buddyisequippedwithspecialeyestoprotectitself.C.Buddycansafeguardthehomeandsoundthefirealarm.D.Buddyhasanadvantageoversmartproducts.Foodsometimesgetspoisonedwithharmfulthings.Apersonwhoeatssuchfoodcangetanillnesscalledfoodpoisoning.Foodpoisoningisusuallynotserious,butsometypesaredeadly.Thesymptomsoffoodpoisoningusuallybeginwithinhoursofeatingthepoisonedfood.Feverisoneofthemostcommonsymptoms.以偏概全，過于夸大WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTTrue?A.Foodwhenpoisonedcanmakepeoplesick.B.Foodpoisoningmeansdeath.C.Foodpoisoningcomesinvarieties.D.Foodpoisoningcanbeserious.B題型（細節(jié)理解題）間接細節(jié)題：同義替換：近義詞復現(xiàn)（crucial=important=significant=essential）正話反說（noteasy=difficult）同源詞替換（education，educate，educator）簡化復雜表達（Iamfondofsports=Ilikesports）題型（細節(jié)理解題）ScientistshavedevelopedDNAtestingtohelptokeeptrackofanimalsthatarehardtospot,includingendangeredanimals.WhatcouldthenewmethodhelpscientistsaccordingtoParagraph1？

A.Torecordanimaltypes.B.Toidentifyrareanimalspecies.C.Tocountanimalnumbers.D.Totracethehard-to-spotanimals.D題型（詞匯猜測題）Theword“...”inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto“

”Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“...”inParagraph1mean?Thesentence“...”（Para.3）canbereplacedby“

”Theunderlinedword“...”mostprobablymeans______.Theunderlinedword“it”inthepassagerefersto______.題型（詞匯猜測題）定義法標志詞：mean,referto,beconsideredas/tobe,represent原文：...is/was...,冒號，破折號題型（詞匯猜測題）Almosteverysocietynowhasamoneyeconomybasedoncoinsandbillsofonekindoranother.However,thishasnotalwaysbeentrue.Inprimitivesocietiesasystemofbarterwasused.Barterwasasystemofdirectexchangeofgoods.Barterheremeans________.A．exchanginggoodsformoney

B．exchangingasheepforanythinginthemarketC．exchanginggoodsforgoods

D．exchangingmoneyforgoodsC題型（詞匯猜測題）近義復述法方法：根據(jù)上下文復述中獲取某一單詞、短語或句子相關(guān)信息常見：同位語復述（n.,a/an/the...）定語從句復述（n.which/thatis）題型（詞匯猜測題）Youmaynothaveheardthewords"freshmanfifteen"before,buttheyareveryimportantforstudentswhoareenteringuniversity.Afreshmanisafirst-yearcollegestudent."Fifteen"referstofifteenpounds—thefifteenpoundsaddedtoastudent'sweightinhisorherfirstyear.題型（詞匯猜測題）The"freshmanfifteen"is______.A.weightthathighschoolstudentsgain

B.weightthatfirst-yearuniversitystudentsmaygainC.fifteenpoundsoffoodthatfirst-yearstudentseatD.fifteenstudentswhoeatunhealthyfoodBJackisnowaflorist,whokeepsashopforsellingflowersinourdistrict.Floristheremeans________.A.apersonsellingflowersB.apersonkeepingtheshopC.apersonbuyingflowersD.apersontalkingaboutflowers題型（詞匯猜測題）A題型（詞匯猜測題）對比轉(zhuǎn)折法標志詞：whether...or...,unlike,but,yet,however,while,although,though,insteadof,ratherthan,onthecontrary,otherwise注意：前后語意相反題型（詞匯猜測題）Manypeoplemaythinkachild’sbirthdaypartyishassle;however,itcanbeaveryinterestingevent,accordingtoBethAnacleria,amotheroftwochildren,aged4yearsoldand18monthsoldrespectively.“Havingapartyathimeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparentsandoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAaclerio.題型（詞匯猜測題）Theunderlinedword“hassle”mostlikelymeans“

”A.apartydesignedbyspecialistsB.aplanrequiringcarefulthoughtC.asituationcausingdifficultyortroubleD.ademandmadebyguestsC題型（詞匯猜測題）舉例法：標志詞：forexample,forinstance,like,suchas,thatistosay,namely,e.g.注意：后面例子是分，前面觀點是總，看例子定觀點含義題型（詞匯猜測題）Drivingacarorusingelectricityisnotwrong.Wejusthavetobesmartaboutit.Somepeopleuselessenergybycarpooling.Forexample,fourpeoplecanridetogetherinonecarinsteadofdrivingfourcarstowork.Wheneverweuseelectricity,weputgreenhousegasesintotheair.Byturningofflights,thetelevisionandthecomputerwhentheyaren’tneeded,youcanhelpalot.Theunderlinedword“carpooling”inparagraph2mostprobablymeans

.A.sharingacarB.pullingacarC.sellingacarD.improvingacarA題型（詞匯猜測題）并列猜詞：標志詞：and，or，aswellas,togetherwith注意：前后詞性和詞義相似題型（詞匯猜測題）AISscientistsworkacrossanumberofsports,applyingskillslearnedinone-suchasbuildingmusclestrengthingolfers-toothers,suchasswimmingandsquash.Theword“squash“isclosestinmeaningto“

”A.tostopsomeonefromcontinuingB.topushsomeoneintoaspaceC.topresssomethingsothatitbecomessoftD.agamefortwoplayerstoplayinacourtsurroundedbyfourwallsD題型（詞匯猜測題）指代對應：常見：it,that,he,itself,these,those,they,them注意：往前后句找指代，一般距離不遠題型（詞匯猜測題）Sheila,aged59,says,"Ijoinedtoseewhatmygrandchildrenaredoing,asmydaughterpostsvideosandphotosofthem.It'samuchbetterwaytoseewhatthey'redoingthanwaitingforlettersandphotosinthepost.That'showwediditwhenIwasachild,butIthinkI'mluckyIgettoseesomuchmoreoftheirlivesthanmygrandparentsdid."Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”referto?A.Beingluckytovisitgrandparents.B.Postingvideosandphotos.C.Waitingforlettersandphotosinthepast.D.Hearingfromtheirgrandparents.C題型（推理判斷題）Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat______.Whatdoestheimagethattheauthorpresentstoherstudentssuggest?Thestatementsuggeststhat______.Itcanbeinferred/concludedthat...Wecanlearn/knowfromthepassagethat...Whatmightbediscussedfollowingthepassage?題型（推理判斷題）忠于原文，只推一步干擾項特征：①原文重述②出現(xiàn)絕對詞：only,never,all,absolutely相對保守詞：often,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably③常識判斷正確題型（推理判斷題）ButCatherineWinter,managingdirectoroffinancialcapabilityatTheLondonInstituteofBankingandFinance,warnsthatwhiledigitaltoolscanhelp,thereneedstobeamorestructuredapproachtofinancialeducation.Theareashould'haveregularclassroomtimeandshouldbetaughtasaseparatesubject,”shesays.WhatdoesCatherineWintersuggestregardingfinancialeducation?A.Itshouldbewellorganized.

B.Itshouldbedoneincyberspace.C.Itshouldbeprovidedbyparents.

D.Itshouldbeaself-taughtsubject.A題型（觀點態(tài)度題）Whatisthetone/moodofthepassage?Theauthor’sattitudetowards...mightbesummarizedas/seemstobe______.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheattitudeoftheauthortowards...?Howdoestheauthorfeelabout...?全文態(tài)度局部態(tài)度局部態(tài)度局部態(tài)度題型（觀點態(tài)度題）分類：主觀或客觀、肯定或否定、積極或消極方法：牢記?？荚~匯注意題目考察局部還是整體態(tài)度關(guān)注文章中動詞或形容詞題型（觀點態(tài)度題）贊成：supportive贊成的favorable喜歡的positive積極的optimistic樂觀的hopeful有希望的appreciative欣賞的confident自信的sympathetic同情的respective尊重的cooperative合作的中性：（必錯詞匯）ambiguous模棱兩可的uncertain不確定的cautious小心的indifferent莫不關(guān)心的，冷漠的uncaring不在乎的

objective客觀的neutral中立的反對：doubtful懷疑的disapproving不贊同的skeptical懷疑的critical批判的negative消極的（必錯詞匯）puzzled困惑的subjective主觀的biased有偏見的△Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheYellowstonewolfproject?A.Doubtful. B.Positive.C.Disapproving. D.Uncaring.

Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark……Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults…Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark…Thegovernmentspent…Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone....TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.BRacewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikelycontributingtofewerinjuries.Itdoes,however,haveitsownproblem.Racewalkersareconditionedathletes…It'sthisstrangeformthatmakesracewalkingsuchanattractiveactivity,however,saysJaclynNorberg,anassistantprofessorofexercisescienceatSalemStateUniversityinSalem,Mass.Likerunning,racewalkingisphysicallydemanding,shesays.Accordingtomostcalculations,racewalkersmovingatapaceofsixmilesperhourwouldburnabout800calories(卡路里)perhour…However,racewalkingdoesnotpoundthebodyasmuchasrunningdoes,DrNorbergsays…

Whichwordbestdescribestheauthor'sattitudetoracewalking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant. D.Conservative.B題型（主旨大意題）Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthepassage?Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthepassageis

.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout？Thebesttitleofthepassagewouldbe

.全文主旨全文主旨全文主旨局部主旨全文主旨如何尋找主題句：特點：概括性（1）Todaytheproblemofenvironmenthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Theworldpopulationisrising,soquicklythattheworldhasbecometoocrowded.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimewearepollutingourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.主題句在文首：開頭主題+論證性細節(jié)。文體：應用文書信說明文科技文獻新聞報道如何尋找主題句：特點：概括性（2）Somepeoplelikereading,andsomepeoplelikeswimming.Ihavemanyhobbies,suchasreading,skating,andtraveling.Infact,differentpeoplehavedifferenthobbies.MyfriendAnnstudiesveryhard.Soherhobbyisreadingallkindsofbooks.Tonylovesworkingwithherhands,andhishobbyisgardening.主題句在文中：例子/問題（鋪墊）—主題提出—進一步解釋說明文體：說明文科技文獻研究報告提示詞歸納：轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞----后：but,

yet,

however,

in

fact,actually,

indeed,...總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞----后：in

brief，inshort,

afterall,all

in

all,tosumup,in

conclusion,

inaword,so,therefore表研究成果的詞----內(nèi)容:show,indicate,suggest,accordingto...舉例子的詞----前:forexample,forinstance,take...asanexample,...如何尋找主題句：特點：概括性（3）Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappy,becauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourself.Soyoushouldalwayssayyouarehappy.主題句在文末：事實依據(jù)—層層推理—得出結(jié)論（主題）文體：廣告類哲理性故事總結(jié)：如何尋找主題句：?？既N結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）總——分：主題句在段首（2）分——總：主題句在段尾（3）分——總——分：主題句在中間如何尋找主題句：特點：概括性（4）Smokingcigarettesisharmfultoyourhealth.Experimentsshowthatcigarettesmokingcancausecancer.Besidesthemostseriousandterribledisease(illness),cancer,cigarettesmokingalsocancauseotherhealthproblems.Forexample,itcangiveonea“smoker’scough”.Finally,studieshaveshownitiseasyforcigarettesmokerstocatchcolds.Whetheryougetanunimportantcoldorterriblekiller，cancer,smokingisharmful.Isitworthit?主題句在首尾：主題—進一步引申—主題（5）Everyone

can

experience

anger

sometimes.

But

not

everyone

can

control

itproperly.

To

some

people,

controlling

anger

seems

like

the

hardest

thing

in

the

world

to

do.

Control

these

bytalking

to

yourself

in

your

own

mind,

when

you

experience

unwanted

feeling.

By

talking

it

over

in

your

ownhead

you

can

work

out

how

you

will

best

deal

with

the

situation.Anger

control

can

also

be

achieved

bycommunicatingwithotherswith

honesty.You

can

effectively

train

yourself

to

respond

to

situations

without

getting

annoyed

about

things.

It

is

important

to

rememberitispossibleforeveryonetogetangry

and

therefore,controllingitistherealchallenge.高頻詞：圍繞某個主題展開的---反復出現(xiàn)的中心詞，即高頻詞，也叫做主題詞反復強調(diào)的是重點，重點是考點文體：議論文技巧：（1）段落中出現(xiàn)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞語(如however,but,infact,actually等)時，轉(zhuǎn)折詞后的句子很可能是主題句。（2）首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨。（3）作者有意識地重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關(guān)鍵詞。（4）表示總結(jié)或結(jié)論的句子常包含therefore,thus,inshort,conclude,conclusion等詞語。題型（主旨大意題）Imaginewalkingthroughsomeone'sapartment.Theroomsarealmostempty,andtheonlypieceoffurnitureisasimpletableandfoldedsofa.Therearenodecorativeobjectslyingaround—justtheessentials.Youopentheclosettofindyoucancountthenumberofclothingitemsinsideononehand.Thespaceseemsmorelikeaprisoncellthanahomeandyoumaythinktheresidentcannotaffordtobuymorethingstofilltheapartmentwith.Itturnsoutthattheapartment'sownerisaminimalistwhochoosestolimithisnumberofbelongings.Minimalismgoesagainstconsumersocietybydramaticallyreducingpossessions.Minimalistsfollowthisphilosophytovaryingdegrees,buttheygenerallyclaimthatcuttingbackonexcessstuffleadstoamorefulfillinglife.題型（主旨大意題）Theparagraphmainlydiscussesthat

.A.minimalistslovedecorativeobjectsB.minimalistscannotaffordtheessentialsC.minimali