心理學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下齊魯師范學(xué)院

心理學(xué)專業(yè)英語(yǔ)智慧樹(shù)知到課后章節(jié)答案2023年下齊魯師范學(xué)院齊魯師范學(xué)院

第一章測(cè)試

HowoldwasAnneFrankwhenshestarted（開(kāi)始）hidingwithherfamilyinacrampedapartmentinAmsterdamtoavoidtheGermanarmyoccupyingtheNetherlands?（）

A:15yearsoldB:13yearsoldC:16yearsoldD:14yearsold

答案:13yearsold

WhendidWatsonjointheCharlesMansoncult？（）

A:AftergraduationB:DuringhisjunioryearinhighschoolC:AfterhighschoolD:Afewyearsafterleavinghomeforcollege

答案:Afewyearsafterleavinghomeforcollege

Whatkindofdisciplinedoespsychologybelongto？（）

A:Naturalscience（自然科學(xué)）B:Humanities（人文學(xué)科）C:Bioscience（生物科學(xué)）D:SocialSciences（社會(huì)科學(xué)）

答案:SocialSciences（社會(huì)科學(xué)）

Manypeople,whentheyhearthewordpsychology,thinkimmediatelyofmentaldisordersandabnormalbehavior.Butpsychologistsdonot（）theirattentiontoextremesofbehavior.

A:focusB:confineC:takeD:concentrate

答案:confine

Besideslaboratoryexperimentsandobservations,psychologyalsomakesmoreuseof（）informationthantheotherdisciplinesdo.

A:physicalB:chemicalC:biologicalD:political

答案:biological

Mostpsychologistsresistreachingforconclusionsuntiltheyhaveevidencethatbe___and___byother.（）

A:surpassed（凌駕）B:checked（檢驗(yàn)）C:verified（證明）D:imitated（模仿）

答案:checked（檢驗(yàn)）;verified（證明）

WhichofthefollowingarethemainconcernsofAnthropology（人類學(xué)）？（）

A:theestablishmentandconductofgovernmentB:theoriginofhumanmaterialcultureC:politicalbehaviorD:thedevelopmentofthehumanspecies

答案:theoriginofhumanmaterialculture;thedevelopmentofthehumanspecies

Sociology（社會(huì)學(xué)）isthestudyof___and___withinsociety.（）

A:emotionB:institutionsC:groupsD:economy

答案:institutions;groups

Whichofthefollowingsubjectsdoessocialscience（社會(huì)科學(xué)）include？（）

A:Naturalscience（自然科學(xué)）B:Sociology（社會(huì)學(xué)）C:Anthropology（人類學(xué)）D:Politicalscience（政治學(xué)）

答案:Sociology（社會(huì)學(xué)）;Anthropology（人類學(xué)）;Politicalscience（政治學(xué)）

第二章測(cè)試

Whoinitiatedanddevelopedpsychoanalyticmethods（精神分析法）?（）

A:EricksonB:AnnaFreudC:SigmundFreudD:OttoRank

答案:SigmundFreud

Whatdobehaviorists（行為主義者）thinkdeterminesbehavior?（）

A:consciousness（意識(shí)）B:environment（環(huán)境）C:inheritance（遺傳）D:unconsciousness（無(wú)意識(shí)）

答案:environment（環(huán)境）

Behavioristsbelievethatifpsychologyistobecomeanobjectivescience,whatshouldonlybestudied?（）

A:observablebehaviorB:thoughtC:freewillD:minds

答案:observablebehavior

ItdevelopedinAmericaintheearly1960s,andwastermedthethirdforceinpsychology.Whatwasit?（）

A:PsychoanalyticB:HumanisticpsychologyC:BehaviorismpsychologyD:Structuralistpsychology

答案:Humanisticpsychology

Whenwillcognitivepsychologybecomethedominantparadigmofpsychologicalresearch?（）

A:inthelate1950sandearly1960sB:Inthe1970sC:Inthe1950sD:Inthe1960s

答案:Inthe1970s

AccordingtoGalen,aGreekdoctor,whatcanpersonalityandtemperamentberelatedto?（）

A:environmentalfactorB:thelevelsofbodyfluidssuchasbloodandbileinthebodyC:geneticfactorsD:experience

答案:thelevelsofbodyfluidssuchasbloodandbileinthebody

Thebiologicalapproachmainlyadoptsa(n)（）togeneralizebiologicalinfluencesonbehaviortoallhumanswithsimilarphysiology,butfindstheuseofparticular“specialcasestudies”veryuseful.

A:observationmethod（觀察法）B:mathematicalmethod（數(shù)學(xué)法）C:nomotheticapproach（一般規(guī)律法）D:idiographicmethod（特殊規(guī)律研究法）

答案:nomotheticapproach（一般規(guī)律法）

Thebasicassumptionofhumanisticmethodinpsychologyisaproperunderstandingofhumannaturecanonlybegainedfromstudying（）.

A:whitemiceB:dogsC:otheranimalsD:humans

答案:humans

Accordingtothepsychoanalyticapproachtopsychology（精神分析法）,behaviorismotivatedbytwobasicinstinctualdrives.Theyare（）.

A:thesexdrivefromThanatosandthedeathinstinctB:theaggressiondrivefromErosandthelifeinstinctC:thesexdrivefromErosandthelifeinstinctD:theaggressiondrivefromThanatosandthedeathinstinct

答案:thesexdrivefromErosandthelifeinstinct;theaggressiondrivefromThanatosandthedeathinstinct

Fraud'spsychoanalyticapproachhadagreatimpactonpsychologyandpsychiatry,andwasdevelopedindifferentwaysbypsychoanalystssuchas（）.

A:AlderB:WatsonC:EricksonD:Jung

答案:Alder;Erickson;Jung

第三章測(cè)試

enablesustomakevoluntaryactions（隨意動(dòng)作）,tomoveaboutandtobehaveaswechooseto.（）

A:thesomaticnervoussystem（軀體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）B:thebrain（大腦）C:thespinalcord（脊髓）D:theautonomicnervoussystem（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）

答案:thesomaticnervoussystem（軀體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）

Ifyouhavetorunacrossabusyintersection,the（）speedstheheartandroutesbloodtothemusclestosupplymoreoxygenand,consequently,moreenergy.

A:PeripheralNervousSystem(PNS)（外周神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）B:theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）C:thesomaticnervoussystem(SNS)（軀體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）D:CentralNervousSystem(CNS)（中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）

答案:theautonomicnervoussystem(ANS)（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）

Oneofthestructuresintheforebrain（前腦）is,thebusytrafficofficerofthebrain.（）

A:thehypothalamus（下丘腦）B:thepituitary（垂體）C:thecerebellum,orlesserbrain（小腦）D:thethalamus（丘腦）

答案:thethalamus（丘腦）

Humanbeingshaveacommunicationssystem().Itincludesanetworkofinformation-carryingcables,ornerves,whichconnectthevariouscomponents.（）

A:theForebrain（前腦）B:thePeripheralNervousSystem(PNS)（周?chē)窠?jīng)系統(tǒng)）C:theHindbrain（后腦）D:SpinalCord（脊髓）

答案:theForebrain（前腦）

Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)wascomposedof（）.

A:Brain（腦）B:autonomicnervoussystem（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）C:spinalcord（脊髓）D:somaticnervoussystem（軀體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）

答案:Brain（腦）;spinalcord（脊髓）

Whichofthefollowingisthefunctionofthespinalcord?（）

A:itreceivesmessagesfromthebrainB:itintegratesandcoordinatessensorydataC:itsendsinformationtothebrainD:itprotectsthebodyfromdamage

答案:itreceivesmessagesfromthebrain;itintegratesandcoordinatessensorydata;itsendsinformationtothebrain;itprotectsthebodyfromdamage

ThoughwemaythinkoftheAutonomicNervousSystem(ANS)（自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）asautonomous,itisinfluencedby（）.

A:theendocrinesystem（內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)）B:theSomaticNervousSystem(SNS)（軀體神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）C:theenvironmentalevents（環(huán)境事件）D:theCentralNervousSystem(CNS)（中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）

答案:theendocrinesystem（內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)）;theenvironmentalevents（環(huán)境事件）;theCentralNervousSystem(CNS)（中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)）

Thepons（腦橋）isinvolvedinactivitiessuchas（）.

A:waking（清醒）B:dreaming（做夢(mèng)）C:sleeping（睡眠）D:breathingandheartrate（呼吸和心率）

答案:waking（清醒）;dreaming（做夢(mèng)）;sleeping（睡眠）

Thehypothalamus（下丘腦）isimportantbecause（）

A:ItcontrolsthecomplexoperationsoftheautonomicnervoussystemB:ItcoordinatesthemusclessothatmovementissmoothandpreciseC:ItisinvolvedinpowerfuldrivesassociatedwiththesurvivalofboththeindividualandthespeciesD:Itregulatesbodytemperaturebytriggeringsweatingorshivering

答案:Itcontrolsthecomplexoperationsoftheautonomicnervoussystem;Itisinvolvedinpowerfuldrivesassociatedwiththesurvivalofboththeindividualandthespecies;Itregulatesbodytemperaturebytriggeringsweatingorshivering

Standingonthebrainstemandlookingtowardthebackpartofthebrain,weseeastructureaboutthesizeofasmallfist,bulgingoutfromthepons.Itisthecerebellum,orlesserbrain.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

第四章測(cè)試

Theprocessofreceivinginformationfromtheoutsideworld,translatingit,andtransmittingittothebrainiscalled（）.

A:sensation（感覺(jué)）B:cognition（認(rèn)知）C:perception（知覺(jué)）D:language（語(yǔ)言）

答案:sensation（感覺(jué)）

Byemploying___,weareabletoorganizethecomplexphenomenaintosimpler,andthereforemoreeasilyusable,cognitivecategories.（）

A:perception（知覺(jué)）B:mentalimages（心理表象）C:concepts（概念）D:sensation（感覺(jué)）

答案:concepts（概念）

___isasymboliccodeusedincommunication.（）

A:Sensation（感覺(jué)）B:Language（語(yǔ)言）C:Perception（知覺(jué)）D:Cognition（認(rèn)知）

答案:Language（語(yǔ)言）

Picturespygmies（俾格米人）drawareflat,two-dimensionalrenderingswithoutdepthcues.,andthisstudysuggeststhat___affectsperception.（）

A:culture/learningexperience（文化/學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)）B:memory（記憶）C:emotion（情緒）D:motivation（動(dòng)機(jī)）

答案:culture/learningexperience（文化/學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)）

To___,thinkingisthemanipulationtomentalrepresentationstoinformation.（）

A:politiciansB:physicistsC:psychologistsD:biologists

答案:psychologists

Senseorgansoperatethroughsensoryreceptorcells,whichreceiveoutsideformsof___(light,vibrations,heat)andtranslatethemintoneural___thatcanbetransmittedtothebrainforinterpretation.（）

A:impulsesB:signalC:energyD:positioning

答案:impulses;energy

Sensationsareintheformofrawneuralenergythatmustbe___and___intheprocesswecallperception.（）

A:separatedB:interpretedC:organizedD:exploited

答案:interpreted;organized

Thespecificlearningexperiences,___,___,and___oftheindividualcaninfluenceperception.（）

A:emotions（情緒）B:memories（記憶）C:motives（動(dòng)機(jī)）D:appearance（外表）

答案:emotions（情緒）;memories（記憶）;motives（動(dòng)機(jī)）

Thefollowingaretheso-calledGestaltprinciplesofperception:（）.

A:proximity（接近性）B:closure（封閉性）C:continuity（連續(xù)性）D:figure-ground（圖形環(huán)繞）

答案:proximity（接近性）;closure（封閉性）;continuity（連續(xù)性）;figure-ground（圖形環(huán)繞）

Whenwesaythatlanguageisgenerative,wemeanthataninfinitesetofutterancescanbemadeusingafinitesetofelementsandrules.Whataretheseelementsandrules?（）

A:concepts（概念）B:phonemes（音素）C:syntax（句法）D:morphemes（語(yǔ)素）

答案:phonemes（音素）;syntax（句法）;morphemes（語(yǔ)素）

第五章測(cè)試

Ifyoudonotvaluegoodperformanceattennis,youwillbeunlikelytopractice,evenifyouhaveastrongexpectationthatpracticeimprovesperformance.Thiscanbeexplainedby（）.

A:InstincttheoriesB:Self-determinationtheoriesC:Drive-reductiontheoriesD:Expectancy-valuetheories

答案:Expectancy-valuetheories

（）proposesthatakeydriverofmotivationissatisfactionofthreebasic,psychologicalneedsforautonomy,competence,andrelatedness.

A:InstincttheoryB:Expectancy-valuetheoryC:Self-determinationtheoryD:Drive-reductiontheory

答案:Self-determinationtheory

Theneedfor（）reflectsthedesiretoexperienceefficacy,tofeelthatoneisdoingthingswellandachievingone'sgoals.

A:relatednessB:autonomyC:noveltyD:competence

答案:competence

Anemotionisapatternofresponsestoaneventthatisrelevanttothegoalsorneedsoftheorganism.Theresponsesinclude:（）.

A:expressionsoftheaboveB:impulsestoactionC:thoughtsD:physiologicalarousal

答案:expressionsoftheabove;impulsestoaction;thoughts;physiologicalarousal

Virtuallyallaccountsofemotionagreethatemotionscanbeclassifiedtwobroaddimensions:（）.

A:degreeofpleasantnessB:degreeofcalmnessC:degreeofsadnessD:degreeofphysicalexcitementorarousal

答案:degreeofpleasantness;degreeofphysicalexcitementorarousal

Thecharacteristicsofinstinctsare（）.

A:rationalB:flexibleC:fixedD:irrational

答案:fixed;irrational

Accordingtoself-determinationtheory,basicpsychologicalneedsaredefinedasinnatepsychologicalnutriments,thesatisfactionofwhichisessentialfortheprocessof（）.

A:well-beingB:optimalfunctioningC:integrityD:continuouspsychologicalgrowth

答案:well-being;optimalfunctioning;integrity;continuouspsychologicalgrowth

Darwin'stheoryofevolutionemphasizedthecontinuitybetweenpeopleandotherspecies.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

Instinctivebehaviorisflexible,anditdependsonthestateoftheorganismatthetimeofthebehavior.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:錯(cuò)

Biologically,thegoalofdrivereductionishomeostasis—maintainingabalancedorconstantphysiologicalstate.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

第六章測(cè)試

InordertodealwiththeanxietycausedbythetenserelationshipbetweenID（本我）andsuperego（超我）,whatisthemostbasicdefensemechanism?（）

A:sublimation（升華）B:denial（否認(rèn)）C:repression（壓抑）D:projection（投射）

答案:repression（壓抑）

Granted,（）canencourageordiscouragetheexpressionofagiventrait.Anaggressiveperson,forexample,ismorelikelytodisplayaggressivenessonatenniscourtthaninchurch.

A:activitylevel（活動(dòng)水平）B:situationalpressures（情境壓力）C:generalqualityofmood（情緒的總體質(zhì)量）D:attentionspan（注意廣度）

答案:situationalpressures（情境壓力）

Beholdersarepronetomanyperceptualbiases.（）isatendencytomaintainourfirstimpressionofapersonevenifherorsheactsquitedifferentlylater.

A:ThephenomenonthatwetendtoseemostpeopleinonlyoneroleB:Theso-calledprimaryeffectC:ThetendencytomodifybehavioraccordingtosituationaldemandsD:Thefactthatourownbehaviormayconspiretoproducetheillusionofconsistencyinothers

答案:Theso-calledprimaryeffect

（）inBiculturalIdentityIntegration(BII;thatis,howbiculturalexperiencetheirdualcultureidentities)maymoderatetherelationshipbetweenculture-basedvariabilityinpersonalityandwell-being.()

A:IndividualdifferenceB:ContextualdifferenceC:SituationaldifferencesD:Contextualvariability

答案:Individualdifference

Tonurturegrowthinothers,whatdidCarlRogersadvise（卡爾羅杰斯）?（）

A:begenuineB:beempathic.C:beseriousD:beaccepting

答案:begenuine;beempathic.;beaccepting

WhenJamesConleymeasuredthetraitsofseveralhundredadultsatthreedifferenttimesintheirlives,hediscoveredthat(),(),and()inparticularremainedremarkablestableevenoveraforty-five-yearperiod.（）

A:medulla（髓質(zhì)）B:neuroticism（神經(jīng)質(zhì)）C:extraversion（外向性）D:impulsecontrol（沖動(dòng)控制）

答案:neuroticism（神經(jīng)質(zhì)）;extraversion（外向性）;impulsecontrol（沖動(dòng)控制）

Becausewetendtowantconsistencyinour()and(),weoftendiscountinformationthatdoesn'tfitourinitialview.（）

A:perceptions（知覺(jué)）B:beliefs（信念）C:breath（呼吸）D:pituitary（垂體）

答案:perceptions（知覺(jué)）;beliefs（信念）

Manytimesourbehaviorisquitepredictablefromonecontexttoanother,suggestingthat______,aswellas______,influencehowweact.（）

A:innertraits（內(nèi)在特質(zhì)）B:development（發(fā)展）C:hippocampus（海馬體）D:situations（情境）

答案:innertraits（內(nèi)在特質(zhì)）;situations（情境）

Ratherthanexplainthehiddenaspectsofpersonality,traittheoristshaveexplainedthepredispositionsthatunderlieouractions.（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Humanisticpsychologists（人本主義心理學(xué)家）assesspersonalitythroughquestionnairesthatrateself-conceptandbyseekingtounderstandothers'subjectivepersonalexperiencesintherapy.（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

第七章測(cè)試

The____isanewdisorderthatmadeitsfirstappearanceinDSM-IVandinvolvesaperiodofintenseanxietythatlastsforonemonthorless.（）

A:generalizedanxietydisorder（廣泛性焦慮障礙）B:acutestressdisorder（急性應(yīng)激障礙）C:obsessive-compulsivedisorder（強(qiáng)迫癥）D:panicdisorder（驚恐障礙）

答案:acutestressdisorder（急性應(yīng)激障礙）

A(An)____involvesbriefperiodsofexceptionallyintensespontaneousanxiety,andtheyareunpredictable.Theyseemtocome"outoftheblue"andcanevenappearduringsleep.（）.

A:obsessive-compulsivedisorder（強(qiáng)迫癥）B:panicdisorder（驚恐障礙）C:generalizedanxietydisorder（廣泛性焦慮障礙）D:posttraumaticstressdisorder（創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）

答案:panicdisorder（驚恐障礙）

The_____involvesgeneral,persistentanxietythatlastsforatleastamonthandisnotassociatedwithanyparticularobjectorsituation.（）

A:obsessive-compulsivedisorder（強(qiáng)迫癥）B:acutestressdisorder（急性應(yīng)激障礙）C:panicdisorder（驚恐障礙）D:generalizedanxietydisorder（廣泛性焦慮障礙）

答案:generalizedanxietydisorder（廣泛性焦慮障礙）

The_____hasundoubtedlyexistedthroughhistory,butithasonlygainedwidespreadattentionsinceitwasobservedinveteransoftheVietnamconflict.Themajorsymptomofthisdisorderisreexperiencingofatraumaticevent.（）

A:obsessive-compulsivedisorder（強(qiáng)迫癥）B:posttraumaticstressdisorder（創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）C:generalizedanxietydisorder（廣泛性焦慮障礙）D:panicdisorder（驚恐障礙）

答案:posttraumaticstressdisorder（創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）

____,alsocalledsocialphobia,isdefinedasanoverwhelminganddisablingfearofscrutiny,embarrassment,orhumiliationineverydaysocialsituationswhichleadstoavoidanceofpotentiallypleasurableandmeaningfulactivities.（）

A:Socialanxietydisorder（社交恐懼癥）B:Panicdisorder（驚恐障礙）C:Obsessive-compulsivedisorder（強(qiáng)迫癥）D:Generalizedanxietydisorder（廣泛性焦慮障礙）

答案:Socialanxietydisorder（社交恐懼癥）

Forpanicdisorder,betweenattacks,theindividualisoften___aboutpossibleimpendingattacks,thereforecausingan___generallevelofanxiety.（）

A:anxious（焦慮的）B:reduced（減少的）C:relaxed（放松的）D:elevated（升高的）

答案:anxious（焦慮的）;elevated（升高的）

Whenitcomestotheposttraumaticstressdisorder（創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙）,inadditiontothereexperiencing,thereisoftenageneralnumbing___involvementwiththe___world.（）

A:externalB:reducedC:innerD:increased

答案:external;reduced

AccordingtotheSocialPhobia/SocialAnxietyAssociation(SP/SAA),peoplewithsocialphobiausuallyfindtheiranxietytriggeredbysituationssuchas:（）.

A:beingintroducedtootherpeopleB:beingteasedorcriticized.C:beingwatchedorobservedwhiledoingsomething.D:beingthecenterofattention.

答案:beingintroducedtootherpeople;beingteasedorcriticized.;beingwatchedorobservedwhiledoingsomething.;beingthecenterofattention.

Mostkindsofabnormalbehaviorarefarlessdramaticthanthesymptomsofthewall-poundingschizophrenic（精神分裂癥）,infact,mostpeoplewithpsychologicaldisordersseem"normal”mostofthetime.（）

A:錯(cuò)B:對(duì)

答案:對(duì)

Itisimportantnottoconfusepanicattacks（驚恐障礙）withtheintenseperiodsthatareassociatedwithphysicalexertionandthestressofreallife-threateningsituations.（）

A:對(duì)B:錯(cuò)

答案:對(duì)

第八章測(cè)試

InArmenia（亞美尼亞）andAzerbaijan（阿塞拜疆）,residentsmayhavelearnedduringtheirchildhoodsethnicprejudices（種族歧視）thatlater___aggressivebehaviors.（）

A:cutdownB:decreasedC:reducedD:fostered

答案:fostered

Theexplanatoryvariablescannotbedirectlyobserved,butrathermustbeinferredfrom___.Forexample,wemayinferthatourfriendhasthetraitofaggressivenessbecausehealwaysgetsintofights.（）.

A:cognitionB:behaviorC:beliefD:attitude

答案:behavior

______comprisethecognitiveinfo