高三英語(理)《名詞性從句專題復(fù)習(xí)》

WelcometoourclassGrammarandusage---NounClauses

名詞性從句相當(dāng)于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位語從句。1.Whenwewillstart

isnotclear.2.Shewon’tbelieve

thathersonhasbecomeathief.3.Myideais

thatweshoulddoitrightnow.4.Ihadnoidea

thatyouwereherfriend.主語從句賓語從句表語從句同位語從句I名詞性從句的種類Subjectclausescanbeintroducedbythat,whetherorquestionswords.1).Thathewillsucceediscertain.2).Whathesaidisnottrue.3).Whetherhewillgothereisnotknown.4).Whoevercomesiswelcome.5).Whenthey’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.

一．主語從句主語從句一般有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語從句+謂語what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別1)______yousaidyesterdayisright.2)_______sheisstillaliveisaconsolation.3)_______hewillsucceediscertain.4)_______Ineedisagoodnight’ssleep.WhatThatThatWhatthat

只起連接作用，無意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,且在賓語從句中有時(shí)可省。

what

既起連接作用,又在從句中作主語,賓語,表語

(且在名詞性從句中只有what可作表語）

一．主語從句主語從句一般有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語從句+謂語2.it做形式主語(1)Itis＋名詞＋從句Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是…Itisanhonorthat…非常榮幸(2)itis＋形容詞＋從句Itisnaturalthat…很自然…Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…(3)itis＋不及物動(dòng)詞＋從句Itseemsthat…似乎…Ithappenedthat…碰巧…(4)it＋過去分詞＋從句Itisreportedthat…

Ithasbeenprovedthat…已證實(shí)…It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：

Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot.

二．賓語從句賓語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動(dòng)詞(及物動(dòng)詞)或介詞之后。1.作動(dòng)詞的賓語

(1)由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句(that通常可以省略),例如：

Iheardthathejoinedthearmy.(2)由what,whether(if)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，例如：

Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened.Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme.(3)動(dòng)詞＋間接賓語＋賓語從句。例如：

Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation.2.作介詞的賓語，例如：

Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperate(合作）withoneanother.3.作形容詞的賓語，例如：

Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake.Iamsure(that)hewillwinthegame.4.it可以作為形式賓語

it不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語的句子中。例如：

Wethoughtitgoodnewsthatthefoghadfinallygone.5.否定的轉(zhuǎn)移若主句謂語動(dòng)詞為think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句謂語用肯定式。例如：________________________________我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。Idon’tthinkthedressfitsyouwell連接詞that的省略。賓語從句中的連接詞that在以下三種情況下不能省略：（1）當(dāng)that從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時(shí)，第二個(gè)that不能??；（2）當(dāng)that作介詞賓語時(shí)，that不可省掉。（3）用it做形式賓語的賓語從句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.

三．表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語＋連系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be,look,remain,seem等。另外，常用的還有thereasonisthat…和Itisbecause等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’swhyIwaslate.

四．同位語從句1.同位語從句的功能

同位語從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如：

1)Theking’sdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.

同位語從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。2.同位語常跟在以下抽象名詞之后

idea；belief；fact；truth；problem；news；decision;hope;order;possibility;suggest;advice等1)Theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2.同位語在句子中的位置同位語從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如：

1)

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem.辨別下列從句是定語從句還是同位語從句1.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.2.Wemustfacethefactthatwehadspentallourmoney.3.Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywasfalse.4.Ihavenodoubtthathewillcomesoon.

5.Thefactisthatwehavespentallourmoney.同位語從句同位語從句定語從句同位語從句表語從句考點(diǎn)一：名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別考點(diǎn)二：名詞性從句中的it作形式主語或形式賓語考點(diǎn)三：名詞性從句的語序考點(diǎn)四：名詞性從句中的whether,if以及that的區(qū)別考點(diǎn)五：疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句及其與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別考點(diǎn)六：名詞性從句的虛擬語氣名詞性從句考點(diǎn)歸納:

考點(diǎn)一:考查名詞性從句中that與what的區(qū)別考例:_______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan_______wehave.

A.What;whatB.What;that

C.That;thatD.That;what

that

只起連接作用，無意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,且在賓語從句中有時(shí)可省。

what

既起連接作用,又在從句中作主語,賓語,表語

(且在名詞性從句中只有what可作表語）考點(diǎn)二:考查名詞性從句中的it作形式主語或形式賓語考例1:_______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

考例2:Ihate_______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.

A.itB.thatC.thisD.them

考點(diǎn)三:考查名詞性從句的語序考例:Thephotographswillshowyou_______.

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklike

B.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklike

D.howourvillagelookslike分析:在名詞性從句中,除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞要提到句首之外,一律要用陳述句語序?？键c(diǎn)四:考查名詞性從句中的whether,if以及that的區(qū)別考例1:_______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.

A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where

考例2:Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis_______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.

A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why考例3:Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggray.

A.whileB.thatC.ifD.forwhether與if均為“是否”的意思。但在下列情況下，只用whether不能被用if：主語從句Whetherhewillcomeisunknown.2.表語從句，如：Thequestioniswhetheryoushouldacceptit.3.同位語從句，如：Thequestionwhetherhe’llattendthemeetingisnotdecided.4.從句作介詞的賓語，如：I’mnotinterestedinwhetherthey’llgoornot.Itdependsonwhetherwehavegotenoughmoney.5.直接跟不定式連用，如：Shehasn’tdecidedwhethertogoornot.請(qǐng)你歸納a.主語從句

b.表語從句

c.同位語從句

e.介詞后的賓語從句

f.直接加動(dòng)詞不定式只能用whether（todo）gwhetherornot

直接連用時(shí)不用if只能使用whether

的情況：請(qǐng)你歸納考點(diǎn)五:疑問詞+ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句及其與nomatter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句的區(qū)別

考例1:Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_______heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

考例2:Sarahhopestobecomeafriendof______sharesherinterests.

A.anyoneB.whomeverC.whoeverD.nomatterwho

Nomatterwhodestroystheforestwillbepunished.（錯(cuò)）解析nomatter…只能引導(dǎo)狀語從句，…ever既可引導(dǎo)狀語從句又可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句.nomatterwho/what與whoever/what