《商務(wù)英語》教學(xué)課件-Module11

Module

11LOGO11.1

Ethical

economics1Reading:

Coffeenomics23Vocabulary:

Financial

andtrade

termsSpeaking:

The

economics

ofyour

country456Grammar:

ArticlesListening:

FairtradeSpeaking:

Giving

reasonsand

benefitsLOGOLearning

targetsv1.vocabularyv2.topicofethicaleconomicsv3.Readingability:cohesionandcoherencev4.Listening:focusonkeypiont,makeoutconceratemeaningv4.Useofarticles冠詞LOGOv

economics

n.(用作單)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，經(jīng)濟(jì)情況，經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，經(jīng)濟(jì)意義

economy

economic經(jīng)濟(jì)的economical節(jié)省的,經(jīng)濟(jì)的v

visualaids視覺教具，視覺設(shè)備

helpv

deluxeadj.高級的，豪華的，奢華的

luxuriousv

cappuccino

n.卡布其諾咖啡(加牛奶或奶油用蒸汽加熱煮出的濃咖啡)v

caffein(e)

n.咖啡因，咖啡堿

café咖啡廳v

addiction

n.嗜好，人迷，癮

beaddictedtov

Iamaddictedtocigarettesmoking.v

disparity

n.懸殊，差異

bigdifferencev

charities

n.慈善團(tuán)體，慈善事業(yè)，善舉charitygroupsv

coffeeshopchains連鎖咖啡店，連鎖咖啡屋Starbucksv

grossdomesticproduct(GDP)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值v

Grossnationalproduct(GNP)國民生產(chǎn)總值LOGOv

staplecrop主要作物maincropv

mark-up漲價，標(biāo)高售價theraiseofpricev

servicecharge服務(wù)費v

outgoings

n.(復(fù))支出，開銷expenditurev

precinct

n.區(qū)域，管轄區(qū)，分區(qū)zone,area,districtv

staffingcost雇用員工的開支，勞工成本laborcostv

overheads

n.企業(yè)一般管理費用，日常開支dailyexpenses:electricity,water,gasv

factor

vt.把……作為因素計入(in)，把·一作為因素排除(out)

factorinthelaborcostv

takesth.intoaccountv

break-even收支平衡，盈虧平衡，不賠不賺，略有微利vLOaGdOdedcost附加成本virrespective

adj.不考慮的，不問的，不顧的vregardlessof

irrespectiveofvmarketrates市場價格

marketpricesvmiddleman

n.中間商

agentvmarketinginitiative營銷倡議

suggestionsvcertified

adj.認(rèn)證的

engineervinternationalcertificationmark國際認(rèn)證標(biāo)志vcatalyst

n.催化劑，刺激(促進(jìn))因素vagriculturalcommodity農(nóng)業(yè)商品vminimumguaranteedprice

n.最低保證價vsocialconscience社會道德心，社會責(zé)任感LOGO1.

Thetwo

photos

below

show

thebeginning

andtheend

of

theprocess

of

making

coffee.

Work

in

pairs.

How

many

stages

can

youthinkofinbetweentocompletetheprocess?-coffeegrown-coffeesoldandshipped-coffeesoldontoshops-coffeeboughtanddrunk-coffeepicked-coffeetransported-coffeepackedTry

tomake

upaninverview

betweenthechairmanof

FairtradeandajournalistofBBC.Thejournalistshouldask:Whydothecoffeegrowersonlyget10pencefromthesellingofa3-poundcoffee?HowdoesFairtradeorganizationhelpthecoffeegrowers?2.

Write

in

thecorrect

letter,

A-F,

for

themissing

sentences

tocompletethetext.

Thereisoneextrasentence.Coffeenomics:

thetruecostofourcaffeineaddictionThenexttimeyouhand

over

￡3

for

your

deluxe

cappuccino,

askyourselfhow

muchtheroastedbeans

that

wentintothat

cupreallycost.Foryouraveragecupof

coffee,

theproducerreceives

roughly

10p

–

that’s

about

3.5%.Thisdisparity

iscausing

increasing

concernamongsome

charities

whobelievethattheexcessiveprofitsofcoffeeshopchainscomeattheexpenseofvulnerablecoffee

producersincountries

likeEthiopia,

Kenya

or

Latin

America.(1)____B_______.For

example,inEthiopiaalone,

15millionpeople

dependon

thecoffee

trade,which

constitutes

around

50%

of

thecountry’s

grossdomestic

product

(GDP)

and

90%

of

itsexports.

Theaveragewage

paidtolaborerswhopick

the

beans

andworkonfarmsisabout50paday.下次你再遞過三英鎊，要一杯高級卡布其諾咖啡時，不妨問自己一個問題:這一杯咖啡中所用的烘烤咖啡豆究竟值多少錢?就一杯普通大小的咖啡而言，咖啡生產(chǎn)者可以獲得大約10便士的利潤，即總價的3.5%左右。這一懸殊差異正在引起慈善團(tuán)體越來越多的關(guān)注。他們認(rèn)為，咖啡連鎖店獲取的暴利是以犧牲脆弱的咖啡種植戶的利益為代價的。這些種植戶主要來自埃塞俄比亞、肯尼亞或拉丁美洲等國。在這些國家里，咖啡產(chǎn)品是數(shù)百萬種植者的主要經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。例如，僅埃塞俄比亞一個國家，就有1,500萬人口依賴咖啡業(yè)為生，占該國國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的近50%以及出口總值的90%。而付給采摘咖啡豆和在農(nóng)場干活的工人的工資是每天約50便士。So

wheredotheaddedcostscome

from?

According

to

experts,

by

thetime

it

isconsumedby

us

in

our

homes

orin

a

coffee

shop,

thebeanmay

actually

change

hands

upto150times,eachtime

facinga

mark-up

as

it

is

transported,

roasted,

packagedandsold.

(2)____A_______.Thenanother

10%

in

export

costswith

freight

andinsurancebefore

animportertakesover.

Finally,

itissoldtousinacoffeeshop–andrunningacoffee

shopisnotcheap.For

example,

takeyour

typical

coffee

shopina

shoppingprecinct,

seating75

inside

and

50outside.

The

rentis￡20,000ayear.

(3)____F______.那么，附加成本來自何方?根據(jù)專家估算，咖啡豆在最終抵達(dá)購買者家中或咖啡屋里消費之前，實際上經(jīng)過了多達(dá)150次買賣。在運輸、烘烤、包裝和銷售的過程中，每一次都要面臨一次漲價。僅僅這一過程就使其價格增加了50%。另外10%則體現(xiàn)為進(jìn)口商進(jìn)口之前的運輸、保險等出口成本，最后，在咖啡店里出售給顧客。而經(jīng)營咖啡店并不便宜，就以大家常去的賣場里的咖啡屋為例，這種店內(nèi)75座位，店外50座位的咖啡屋，每年租金是65,000英鎊，加上服務(wù)費每年2萬英鎊，市政稅收再加上25,000英鎊。Inother

words,

even

before

adding

staffing

costs

andoverheads,

setting

aside

an

amount

for

redecoration

andmaintenance

on

theproperty,

this

particular

coffee

shopneedstosell

a

minimum

of

50,000

coffees

a

year,

or

200coffees

a

day.

Factor

in

these

additionalcosts

and

we

areprobably

talking

about

a

break-even

total

of

400

coffees

aday.換句話說，即便不算上雇用員工的費用和日常開支，店面的重新裝修和維護(hù)費也忽略不計，這家咖啡店每年至少需要出售5萬份咖啡，每天200份。如果把這些附加成本作為要素計入，那么，要使收支平衡，一天要賣400份咖啡。However,

irrespectiveof

how

muchwe

enduppayingor

thereasons

why,thereality

is

that

growers

themselves

see

only

a

tiny

proportion

of

thatamount.

Organizations

like

Fairtradedotry

to

make

a

difference.(4)____E____.

Forexample,a

farmerselling

a

pound

of

Fairtrade

Arabicacoffee

ispaid$1.26

comparedto

theworld

market

priceof

$1.10

a

pound.TheFairtradepricealsoincludes

5￠which

isinvestedback

intocommunityprojects.

Many

shops

andcoffee

bars

do

now

offer

Fairtrade

coffee

tocustomers

alongsidetheirstandardoffering,

but

not

all

of

thatinflated

pricegoes

tothegrower.

(5)___C______.

Afterthat,

mark-ups

aredeterminedbytheretailers

andmiddlemen.That

said,

at

least

Fairtradeisonesmall

stepthatdoeshelpfarmersaroundtheworldgetabetterpricefortheirproducts.但是，暫且不考慮最后我們支付了多少錢，其中又是什么原因，現(xiàn)實狀況是，咖啡種植者從中僅獲得了很小一部分利潤。為此，公平貿(mào)易等組織盡其所能，努力改變這一狀況。他們保證付給咖啡種植者的價格高于普通市場價格。例如，農(nóng)民每出售一鎊標(biāo)有公平貿(mào)易標(biāo)志的小?？Х榷梗湍艿玫?.

26美元，而國際上咖啡市場價格是1.

10美元一鎊。公平貿(mào)易的價格中還包括5分錢用于投資社區(qū)工程。如今，許多咖啡店和咖啡屋確實在供應(yīng)其他普通品種咖啡的同時，也供應(yīng)公平貿(mào)易咖啡，但是上漲的價格并未全都返回給種植戶。公平貿(mào)易體系中唯一可以控制的是付給種植戶生產(chǎn)咖啡豆的價格。而那之后漲價的多少就由零售商和中間商說了算。盡管如此，在幫助全世界的種植戶提高產(chǎn)品價格方面，公平貿(mào)易組織至少是邁出了小小的一步。3.Thesefourvisualaidsrefertotheeconomicsofthecoffeetrade.Readthearticleaboveandwriteinthemissingfactsandfiguresinthesevisualaids.EXPORTS10%=OTHER10p(pence)Only(1)__________goestothegrower.coffee90%=(7)_____￡3LOGOKeyfacts:Ethiopia15(2)____________millionpeopleincoffeetrade(3)___5_0________%ofGDP(4)___5_0________pence=alaborer’spayperday1.3CoffeeShopOutgoings1.25Salaries￡115,0001.21.151.1(5)___re_n_t______￡65,000(6)_s_e_rv_i_c_e_c_h_a_r_g_e_￡20,000Overheads￡80,5001.051World

$1.10Fairtrade

(8)1.26$_______LOGOv

公平交易消費理念推廣的成功離不開“公平貿(mào)易基金會”。它由英國五個關(guān)注全球不平等發(fā)展的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)聯(lián)手創(chuàng)建。公平貿(mào)易是一個有組織的社會運動，國際公平貿(mào)易標(biāo)簽組織(FairtradeLabellingOrganizationsInternational，簡稱FLO),創(chuàng)立于1997年，是規(guī)模最大及承認(rèn)最廣/制訂標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及實行認(rèn)證的公平貿(mào)易標(biāo)簽頒發(fā)團(tuán)體。v它提倡一種關(guān)于全球勞工、環(huán)保及社會政策的公平性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其產(chǎn)品從手工藝品到農(nóng)產(chǎn)品不一而足，這個運動特別關(guān)注那些自發(fā)展中國家銷售到發(fā)達(dá)國家的外銷。在歐美各國，市場上比較流行印有公平貿(mào)易標(biāo)簽的產(chǎn)品，以供消費者作為另類選擇，以較高的價錢購買合乎道德公義的貨品，其中以公平咖啡和巧克力最為著名。LOGOv2002年，F(xiàn)LO發(fā)起了一個新的國際公平貿(mào)易認(rèn)證標(biāo)識(InternationalFairtradeCertificationMark)，v在公平貿(mào)易產(chǎn)品認(rèn)證制度下，農(nóng)民組織成合作社，集體與收購方簽訂收購產(chǎn)品價格，避免受大企業(yè)無理壓價。農(nóng)民的產(chǎn)品都設(shè)最低收購價保證(FairTrademinimalprice)，確保他們收回成本和持續(xù)生產(chǎn)。LOGOVocabulary:

Financial

and

trade

termsMatchthesedefinitionstothewordsinboldinthearticle.disparity

charities

grossdomesticproduct

changehands

mark-upfreightoverheadsfactorinbreak-eventotalmiddlemenmiddlemen1.Peoplewhohandlegoodsbetweentheproducerandtheretailer.

__________disparity2.

A

largedifference(inprice,forexample).__________3.Beboughtandsold._c_h_an_g_e__h_a_n_d_s__4.Costofheating,lightingandelectricity.

__ov_e_r_h_e_a_d_s__5.

Take

itemsintoaccounttocalculatecosts._f_a_c_t_o_r_i_n__break-eventotal6.

Theamountneededtopaycostsbeforeprofit.________________mark-up7.

Theamountaddedtotheproductwhenitissold._________8.Goodswhicharetransportedbyships,planes,lorries,etc._f_r_e_i

g_h_t___9.

Thetotalvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedbyacountryinoneyear._g_r_o_s_s_d_o_m__e_st_i_c_p_r_o_d_u_c_t__10.Organizationswhichhelpandrepresenttheinterestsofagroupofpeopleinneed,__c

h_a_r_i_t_ie_s__Speaking:

The

economics

of

your

countryWork

insmallgroupsanddiscussthefollowingquestionsabouteachofyourcountries.Ifyoudon’tknowalltheanswerstothequestions,trytofindoutforthenextlessonandprepareashortpresentation.1)Istherealargedisparitybetweenrichandpoorinyourcountry?你所在國家中，貧富差異懸殊嗎?*

Thetop20%

of

thepopulation

consumes

50%

of

overallnationalincome,whilethebottom20%havetomakedowithamere4.7%.*

Incomeinequalityhasworsenedrapidly.2)你認(rèn)為貧富國家的差異可以調(diào)控嗎?應(yīng)該調(diào)控嗎?*

Ifthesetrendscontinuetherecouldbeserioussocialunrest.*

Rich

countriescansupport

poor

countriesinfinance,

technology,

education,culture,healthcaredonationorlow-interestloan.*

International

organizations

formulatefavorable

policiesinsupport

of

poorcountries.*

International

agencies

canstrengthennational

efforts

to

achieve

greaterequity.3)你所在的國家中，大型慈善機(jī)構(gòu)有哪些?它們對政府和企業(yè)的影響大嗎?*

Amongbiggest

charitiesin

China

are

ChinaCharityFederation,RedCrossSocietyof

China,

ChineseRed

CrossFoundation,

China

FoundationforPoverty

Alleviation,ProjectHope,tomentionafew.*Influenceandassistgovernment’sdecisions*Helpgovernmenteffectivelyintimesofnaturaldisasters.4)對你所在國家GDP影響最大的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有哪些?*

Importantproducts

andservicesfor

China’s

GDP

includecoal,

power,steel,house-holdappliances,financing,cateringandtourism.*

IT

products

andservices,electromechanicalproducts,financingandtourismarepillarindustriesfornationaleconomyinChina.Grammar:

ArticlesWriteinthemissingarticlesthe,a,anor0(thezeroarticle)inthistextaboutFairtrade.(1)____/_____Fairtradeis

(2)___an_____

international

certificationmark

used

in

21countries

as

(3)___a_____marketing

initiative

tohelpdevelopingnations.Britain

has

(4)__the_____largest

Fairtrademarket

in

(5)__the____world,which

has

seen(6)__an___amazingincreaseover

thelastfive

years.

Theorganizationisalsostrongin(7)___the___Netherlands,

where

Fairtrade

first

started,

and

inSwitzerlandandScandinavia.Originallystartedin1989as(8)__a___schemetohelppoor

producers,

(9)__the____Fairtrade

Foundationwasestablishedthreeyearslater.

Nowthereareover(10)___/__550certifiedproducers

representingover

one

million

farmersin

52countries.語法小結(jié)要點解釋：定冠詞the用于1）某些國名，2）形容詞最高級，3）獨一無二的事物，4）之前已提到過的人或者事物eg.The

United

States

isamongthosecountriesinterested.Chinaisthe

biggest

producerofthesegoods.Who’sthe

supplier

inyourcountry?The

leaders

willholdtalksontrade.不定冠詞a,an用于1）工作，2）單數(shù)名詞，3）一些數(shù)字。eg.I’ma

finance

director.Thisisan

international

certification

mark.Ionlyhavea

hundred

left.以下場合不用冠詞（0冠詞）：1）城市、鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)及大多數(shù)國名，2）復(fù)數(shù)名詞eg.Madrid

ismyfavoritedestination.WhendoyouflytoChina?Leaders

oftheG8countriesaremeetingin

Toronto

thisweekend.Listening:

Fairtrade1.你能在自己國家買到這些有“公平貿(mào)易”標(biāo)志的產(chǎn)品嗎?如果這些產(chǎn)品價格比較高你還會買嗎?為什么?LLOGOAsto

cosmetics,

the

mostfamous

is

the

Body

Shop,pioneersoffairtradefor20yearsnow.They

aren’tcheap,

but

they’re

ethicallyrightandusuallyofextremelyhighquality.Ethicalbuying/shoppingcanmeanbuyingproductsfromcompaniesorstoreswhocareabouttheethicsofwhattheyproduce;andboycottingtheoneswhodon’t..合乎道德地購物意味著向重視生產(chǎn)道德規(guī)范的公司或商場購買商品;抵制不重視生產(chǎn)道德規(guī)范的公司或商場。Shop/buywithaclearconscience買得安心(問心無愧)Spendethically合法消費，符合道德的消費Ethicalandsustainablegoods環(huán)保并符合道德的商品Importantto

supportlocal

workers

or

farmers

andtheirrightsLOGO2.ListentoaninterviewwithIanBretman,thedeputydirectoroftheFairtradeFoundation.Choosethebestending

A,BorCforeachsentence1-8.1)TheFairtradeFoundationbeganinA.1989.B.1990.C.19922)WhentheUnitedStateswithdrewfromtheinternationalcoffeeagreement,thepriceofcoffeedecreasedbyA.50%B.0.5%C.twentymillion.3)OnewayFairtradehelpsfarmersisbygivingadviceonhowtoA.diversifybygrowingothercrops.B.producemorecoffee.C.beprofitableinaglobalmarket.4)OneofFairtrade’smainmessagestogovernmentsisthatA.tradecanbemanagedmoreeffectively.B.economicgrowthisthebeststrategy.C.theymustinvestmoreinproducers.LOGO5.IanbelievesthatFairtradeandfreetradeA.cannotbothexist.

B.canoperatetogether.

C.arebasicallythesamething.6.Eventhoughacountrymayincreaseitswealththroughbusiness,thisdoesnotguaranteeA.itcancompeteinternationally.B.everyonereceivesthebenefits.C.socialjustice.7.Ifproducersaresuccessful,theywillalsoA.investintheeconomy.B.becomethepeoplewhobuyproducts.C.beabletosupplymorecoffee.8.

Aswellasimprovingitspublicimage,aFairtradecompanywillA.sellmore.B.attractmoretalentedstaff.C.attractwell-informedconsumers.LOGOListening

scriptI=InterviewerIB=IanBretmanI:So,

Ian.

I

understand

that

theoriginal

idea

for

Fairtrade

came

in1989.

Howdidithappen?IB:

Actually,

theFairtradeFoundationitselfwasfinallyset

upin1992,

butyes,you’re

right,thecatalystfor

thespreadof

Fairtrade

wasthree

yearsearlierwhen

theinternational

coffee

agreement

that

controlled

pricescollapsedwiththewithdrawaloftheUS.

Atthattimecoffeewastheworld’sbiggestagriculturalcommodity.

Ina

few

months

theprice

fell

by

half.Itwasa

hugedisasterfor

thetwentymillionpeoplegrowingandprocessingcoffeearoundtheworld.Manyoftheproducingcountriesweredependentoncoffeeforoverhalftheirexports.I:Canyougiveussomeexamplesofhowyouhelp,exactly?IB:Onewayisthatweencourageproducers

to

learnhow

to

competeeffectively

ininternationalmarkets.We

helpfarmerscoming

into

thesystemtodevelop

thecapacityto

copewith

fulfillingdemand

andweset

a

minimumguaranteedpricefortheirproducts.LOGOI:I

see.

But

as

wellas

helpingfarmersdirectly,

youalsohave

influenceongovernments,don’t

you?

I

mean,

governments

are

talking

moreandmoreaboutfairerglobaltrade…IB:

Yes,

we’refindingthattheissueswe’vebeentalkingabout

for

thepast

tenyearsaremovinguptheagenda.Forexample,we’rehavingmoreofadebateon

howwecanachieveeconomicgrowthandsocialjustice,

as

bothareneeded.

As

a

result,leaders

of

larger

Fairtradeorganizations

have

beeninvitedtohigh-levelinternationalmeetingsandeconomicforums.We

canuseourexperiencetoillustratetogovernmentshowtradecanbebettermanaged.I:Buthowdoyouconvincepeoplewhosayeconomicgrowthistheanswertoeverything?Don’tthesepeoplearguethatFairtradeisn’tgoodforfreetrade?IB:Well,IworkedinbusinessforalongtimeandsoIunderstandtheneedfora

free

market,but

itseemsunlikelyto

methat

whenitcomesto

socialproblems,likeglobal

poverty,

theanswer

isjustaneconomicone,

becausesocialchoices

have

tobe

made,

too.

Our

point

isreallyabout

priorities.Increasing

flowsof

trade

willhelpwealthbut

that

does

not

necessarilyguaranteethatthis

wealthgoes

downtothepeoplewhoneeditmost.

Thatrequiresalittlebitmoremanagement.FairtradehaspracticalexperienceonLOGOthegroundinhowyoucancombinethebest

of

both.Howyoucanget

peopletooperate

effectively

andcompetitivelywhile

trading

in

a

waythat

producerscanearna

decentlivingandimprovetheirlives.Inthelongrun,

ifthey

doimprovetheirlives,theytoowillbecomeconsumersandpurchasers.I:Soisthisthemessageyougivebusinessesto

makethem

change

toFairtradeproducts?IB:It’s

intheinterestof

any

businessto

takethemessageon

board,

not

onlyto

improvetheir

publicimagebutalsoas

a

recruitingtool

for

thefuture.

Theyyounger

generationiswellinformedand

wantstobe

part

of

thesolution.Companiesfindthat

havinga

socialconscience

has

a

positive

effect

onrecruitingandretaininggood

staff.

Staff

get

excitedabout

persuadingconsumerstobuyproductsthatmakeadifferencetopeople’slives.I:Itsoundslikethat’swhatmotivatesyou,too.IB:Formypart

–

yes-meetingtheproducers

and

seeingwhat

a

differenceFairtradecanmaketotheirlivesisreallyquiteinspiring.LOGOSpeaking:

Giving

reasons

and

benefits你們鎮(zhèn)上的咖啡店正在考慮出售有“公平貿(mào)易”標(biāo)志的咖啡。但又擔(dān)心它價錢會比較高。設(shè)想你和搭檔均為公平貿(mào)易基金會的員工。你們準(zhǔn)備試著說服這家咖啡店使用你們的生產(chǎn)商生產(chǎn)的咖啡。討論并做以下準(zhǔn)備工作:.列出咖啡店需要加售產(chǎn)品的理由。.列出會給該咖啡店、員工和顧客帶來的好處。準(zhǔn)備好后，將自己的想法說給班上其他同學(xué)聽。.*Alistofreasonswhythecoffeeshopshouldchange.--protectpoorfarmersandtheirrights--anindicationofcaringabouttheethicsofwhattheysell--positiveimageof

beingfriendly

toenvironment

andcoffeegrowers--consumerslikelytopaymoreforethically-tradedcoffee*Alistofbenefitsforthecoffeeshop,itsstaffanditscustomers.--feelgoodandcomfortablebecauseit’s

ethicallyright.--giveoneasenseofdoingsomethingforpoorfarmers.--buywithaclearconscience--Fairtradecoffee

usually

enjoys

highquality

which

wouldbenefitthecustomer.11.2

Discussing

trendsSpeakingWritingA

proposalAlternativeenergysourcesReadingGoodgreedSpeakingDiscussingtrendsListeningVocabularyDescribingtrendsReasonsfortrendsLOGOvalternativeenergysources可替代能源vwindpower風(fēng)力，風(fēng)能vpubliclytradedcompanylistingscompanyvsolarpower太陽能

sunenergyvsolarpanel太陽能電池板vBiofuel生物燃料vresidue

n.殘留物，殘渣

remainderofplantvpetrolfuels石油燃料

fossilfuels化石燃料vreserves

n.儲量

reservev.預(yù)定bookvwavepower:波力，波能vpros

n.贊成票，贊成者

prosandconsvcons

n.反對票，反對者LOGOv

carbonemission二氧化碳排放emitv

big-name

adj.有名的

famous,well-knownv

e-businessstock電子商務(wù)股

stocksandsharesv

earnings

n.(股票)收益

ratio率

dividend分紅v

peak

vi.&n.達(dá)到頂峰，頂峰

risetothepeakv

crash

vi.&n.(股市等)暴跌，崩盤;(銀行)倒閉collapsev

ascend

vi.上升，上漲

goup,increase,risev

ascent

n.上升，上漲v

descend

vi.下跌，下降，衰退godownfalldropv

descent

n.下跌，下降，衰退v

fluctuate

vi.波動

remainstable保持穩(wěn)定v

well-founded

adj.有充分事實根據(jù)的;理由充足的;有根有據(jù)的

governmentsubsidies政府補(bǔ)貼

grantLOGOv

taxcredit抵稅金額

30%taxcreditv

residentialenergy住宅建筑所需能源v

eco-investmentcraze生態(tài)投資熱

crazyv

levelout持平

leveloff

remainstablev

revival

n.復(fù)蘇

recoveryv

solarcell太陽能電池v

kilowatt-hour千瓦小時;度v

residentialelectricity住宅用電v

runaway

adj.失去控制的，失控的

outofcontrolv

procedure

n.程序，傳統(tǒng)的做法v

medicalcare醫(yī)療

medicarev

healthcare保健v

windfarm風(fēng)力發(fā)電場

windturbinev

SungreenPower綠色硅谷能源公司LOGOSpeaking:

Alternative

energy

sources1.隨著一些能源種類枯竭用盡，各國都在想方設(shè)法生產(chǎn)能源，以備未來之需。這需要資金投入。你會選擇投資以下哪個項目?給出理由。LOGOW

i

n

d

p

o

w

e

r

h

a

s

a

l

r

e

a

d

y

b

e

e

nimplemented

in

many

countries

thoughsome

peoplesay

it

can

never

provideenough

energy

on

its

own.

Theinitial

costisalsoveryhigh.

WindturbinesSolarpowerisbeingwidelyusedeitheron

people’s

ownhouses

or

in

the

formofhugeareasoflandwithsolarpanels.The

cost

of

technology

is

falling

forthis

energy

soitlooks

likea

goodinvestment.Bio

fuels

which

makeuseofresidue

from

plants

are

alreadyused

in

somecars.

Theylook

setto

provide

one

solution

to

thelackofpetrolfuels.Coal

is

criticized

for

thepollutionit

creates

and

many

countries

arelooking

at

alternatives

whichsuggests

itisn’ta

good

investment.However,

in

someparts

of

theworld

suchasChina

there

arehugecoal

reserves

which

areonly

nowbeing

mined

and

used

in

powerstation.

In

this

case

coal

maystillbe

a

good

investment

but

be

badfortheenvironment.Wavepowerhas

many

of

thesame

pros

and

cons

aswindpower.Nuclearpowerhas

attracted

badpublicity

in

the

pastbut

morerecently

manygovernments

havereturned

to

the

idea

of

buildingnuclear

power

stations

in

the

nextcentury

in

order

to

solvethepotential

shortage

of

energy.Private

investmentmayyetprovidegoodreturns.Reading:

Good

greed

無罪的貪婪1.

Now

read

thearticle

on

the

nextpage

aboutinvestinginsolar

power.ChoosethebestwordA,B,CorDtofillinthegaps1-15.50￠Cost

of

solar

energy

perkilowatt-hour40￠30￠20￠Average

price

in

cents

per

kwhfor

residential

electricity10￠0￠’90’93’96’99’0203LOGO“Good

Greed”Do

youwanttoknow

how

to(1)__make___money

and

do

yourbitfor

theenvironment?

Investing(2)__in___something

that

willsavetheplanet

isbecomingeasierastheprivate(3)_sector____

beginsto

step

in

with

powerful,profitable-drivenfor

hugeworld

problems.

Take

energy,

for

example.Moreandmore

investorsarenowlookingtoriskhuge(4)_amounts__inalternativeenergiessafeintheknowledgethattheworldisnotsafefromcarbonemissions.Solar

power

isonesuchcase.

Therearea

dozenor

so(5)_publicly____tradedcompanies

thatmanufacturesolar

materialsor

systems.

Andsome

big-name

billiondollarinvestorshavealreadyrushedto(6)buystocks;oneproducerofhigh-efficiencysolar-powercells,for

example,wasrecentlytrading(7)__on___

thestockmarketatmorethan166timesearnings.

listingscompany=publiclytradedcompanies你想知道如何既賺錢又能為保護(hù)環(huán)境作貢獻(xiàn)嗎?將資金投入到能夠挽救地球的項目吧。隨著私有企業(yè)開始參與到既有暴利可圖，又能解決重大世界問題的大型工程中來，這一點已變得越來越容易實現(xiàn)。以能源為例，越來越多的投資者正不斷尋找機(jī)會，將大筆資金投入安全的替代能源，因為眾所周知，在二氧化碳排放中，世界毫無安全可言。太陽能就是一個例子。目前有十多個從事公開股票交易的公司在生產(chǎn)太陽能材料或系統(tǒng)。一些腰纏萬貫的投資大鱷蜂擁而上，搶購這類股票。其中一個典型例子是，一位制作高效太陽能芯片的廠商最近在股票市場上進(jìn)行交易，獲取了超過166倍的收益。Cautious

investors

can’t

forget

that

a

similar

optimism

was(8)_responsible____forthepeak

ine-businessstocksintheninetiesbeforethecrash.

Inthecaseof

solar

power,

such

(9)__concerns___

arewell-foundedbecause

solar

energy

has

onebigeconomicproblem:itcurrentlycostsroughlytwice(10)__as___muchperkilowatt-houraspowerfromthegrid(電網(wǎng)）.謹(jǐn)慎的投資者則忘不了，20世紀(jì)90年代，類似的樂觀情緒曾經(jīng)也使電子商務(wù)股票一路飄升，到達(dá)頂峰，隨后便跌至谷底。就太陽能來說，這種擔(dān)心更是具有充分的事實根據(jù)，因為太陽能存在一個很大的經(jīng)濟(jì)問題:它目前的成本差不多是每度電的兩倍。(11)

__Nevertheless___,

events

arechangingin

a

waythat

mayencourageallinvestors.First,ofcourse,there

are

rising

petroleum

pricesandnoonereallybelievesthecostofnaturalgaswill(12)__ever___go

down

again.Secondly,

event

as

traditionalenergy

pricesbeginto

soar,

solar

costareexpectedto(13)__continue___their

descent.The

costof

a

solarkilowatt-hourhasdeclined

from47centsin1990toaround21centstoday,

(14)__where____ithasremained

stable.

Thethirdforceisgovernmentsubsidies.IntheUSA,forexample,

Uncle

Sam

now

gives

a

30%

taxcredittobusiness

that

usesolarenergyandthat’sjustthe(15)__start___,withmuchmorestilltocome.然而，事情在不斷變化，各種因素正朝著鼓勵所有投資者的方向發(fā)展。毋庸置疑，首先是石油價格日益上升，誰也不敢相信天然氣的成本究竟會不會再次下降。其次，雖然傳統(tǒng)能源的價格開始上升，太陽能的成本卻有望繼續(xù)下降。1度太陽能的成本已經(jīng)從1990年的47美分降至如今的21美分，并在此位置上保持穩(wěn)定。最后是政府補(bǔ)貼。以美國為例，如今，只要哪個企業(yè)使用太陽能，山姆大叔就提供30%的抵稅金額—這只是個開始，接下來的優(yōu)惠還會源源不斷。3.以上圖表告訴了你哪些關(guān)于太陽能的信息?你認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在是投資的好時機(jī)嗎?Thegraph

showsthat

whilesolarpowercosts

twiceasmuch

perkilowatt-hourthan

traditional

energysources

used

on

powergrids

at

present,its

costshavebeen

fallingcontinuouslysince

theearly

nineties.Thelineshowingtheaveragepriceforpowerfromthegridforresidentialenergyisalsoclimbing.Ifthesetrendscontinue,

solarpowermay

become

very

competitive,makingitagoodlong-terminvestment.graphVocabulary:

Describing

trendsInthelasttwo

paragraphs

of

thearticle

thereareeight

words

or

pairsof

wordsin

boldthat

describe

trends.

Complete

this

table

with

thewordsandwriteifthewordisaverb(v),noun(n)oradjective(a).peak

crash

rising

godown

soar

descent

decline

remainstabletoincrease(v)increase(n)peaklevelout(v)todecrease(v)fluctuate(v)remainstable(4)_____________

decrease(n)tofall(v)fluctuation(n)(1)___________To

goup(v)risinglevelofffall(n)crash(2)___________ascend(v)ascent(n)(5)__________godown(6)__________descent(7)__________soar(3)___________decline(8)__________LOGOListening:

Reasons

for

trends1.聽五位投資者對不同能源種類提供咨詢。在每段話中，他們均描述了一個總體趨勢。判斷他們描述的是A一F中哪種走勢，并寫出代表發(fā)言者的數(shù)字。其中一個走勢圖不在談?wù)摲秶小____B__2__C_4___.LOGOD_3___E__1__F__5__2.Listentothefivespeakersagainandwriteinthemissingwords.1)

…

is

probably

a

goodlong-term

investment

__b_e_c_a_u_s_e__

its

growthhasbeenslowbutfairlyconsistent…duetothefactthat2)

It’s

all

a

bitupanddow