山西省長治市2022-2023學年高一下學期7月期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山西省長治市2022-2023學年高一下學期7月期末英語試題第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分15分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，滿分5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.〖答案〗是C。1.Whatisthevolunteerexpectedtobe?A.Afootballer.B.Atranslator.C.Acoach.2.WhatwillMikedoafterschool?A.Takearide.B.Teachscience.C.Doanexperiment.3.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeel?A.Curious.B.Happy.C.Disappointed.4.WhydoesStanorganiseafund-raising?A.Todonatebooks.B.Tohelpschoolrebuilding.C.Toencouragehisclassmatestoworkhard.5.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Inthestreet.B.Inthemuseum.C.Intheclassroom.第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1分，滿分10分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至8題。6.What’swrongwiththewoman?A.Sheissleeplessness.B.Shehasgotaheadache.C.Shehasapaininhereyes.7.Howlongdoesthewomanspendonhersmartphoneinaday?A.2hours.B.12hours.C.14hours.8.Whatisthedoctor’sadvice?A.Usesomemedicine.B.Haveanoperation.C.Stopusingthesmartphone.聽第7段材料，回答第9至11題。9.Howdoesthewomandealwithherbackpackbeforeshehangsout?A.Takeitwithher.B.Placeitinherroom.C.Leaveitatthefrontdesk.10.Wherewillthewomanprobablygo?A.Artgallery.B.Scienceexhibition.C.Placesofinterest.11.Howwillthewomangettotheairport?A.Bysubway.B.Bybus.C.Bytaxi.聽第8段材料，回答第12至15題。12.WhydopeoplechooseCityTours?A.Theycanenjoydifferentviews.B.Theycanbuyspecialsouvenirs.C.Theycandesigntheirowntours.13.Howmuchdoesa10-year-oldchildneedtopay?A.$9.B.$18.C.Free.14.Whattimedoesthebusstart?A.AT8:00AM.B.At8:30AM.C.At8:30PM.15.Whatdoesthespeakerprobablydo?A.Atravelagent.B.Abusdriver.C.Ashopmanager.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分60分)第一節(jié)(共l5小題;每小題3分，滿分45分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheInternationalFederationofInventors’Associations(IFIA)holdsaround50eventseveryyear.Hereistheinformationofsomeupcomingevents.KoreaInternationalWomen’sInventionExhibition(KIWIE)KIWIEistrulyoneandonlyfestivalcelebratingwomeninventorsandinventionsintheworld,whichhasdriventhegrowthofwomeninventorsathomeandabroad.Thisyear,KIWIE2023willbeheldonlineandofflinesothatyoucanviewthesiteandtheonlineexhibitionhallatthesametime.Date:July20(Thurs)—22(Sat),2023Place:Hall4,ExhibitionCenter1,KINTEXInternationalInventionInnovationCompetitioninCanada(iCAN)iCAN2022lastyearfeaturedmorethan720inventionsfrom81countriesaroundtheworldandwasatrueglobalstageforworldwidecreativityandinnovation.Thisyearisaspecialonlineedition.Youcansendyourapplicationformandvideofilebefore10thAugust2023byemail.Date:August26(Sat),2023Website:www.tisias.orgMacao(China)InternationalInnovationandInventionExhibitionExpo(MiiEX)MiiEXisthefirstandonlycontestshowingvariousinventionsandnewproductsthatareintendedtogotothemarket.MiiEXoffersaplatformforcommunicationamonguniversitystudentsandinventors,throughwhichstudentswillgetinspirationfrominteractionamongparticipants.Date:October27(Fri)—29(Sun),2023Place:CotaiExpoHallD,TheVenetianMacao(China)—OnlineandOfflineExhibitionMalaysiaTechnologyExhibition(MTE)MTEfocusesonrecognizinginventions,programmesandideaswhichcontributetosustainability,reducingpoverty,improvingareacooperation,protectingourplanet,andbuildingpeace.Theawardsespeciallyencouragethedevelopmentoflocalsolutionstolocalchallenges.Date:October17(Tues)—21(Sun),2023VirtualEvent:www.mte.org.myPlace:KualaLumpurCityCenter.1.Whichofthefollowingeventsisonlyavailableonlinethisyear?A.KIWIE. B.iCAN. C.MiiEX. D.MTE.2.WhocanbenefitfromMiiEXaccordingtothetext?A.Macaopeople. B.Marketmanagers. C.Womeninventors. D.Universitystudents.3.WhatinventionsaremorelikelytobeawardedinMTE?A.Low-costinventions. B.High-techinventions.C.World-wideinventions. D.Local-relatedinventions.〖答案〗1.B2.D3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文。文章指出國際發(fā)明家協(xié)會聯(lián)合會（IFIA）每年舉辦大約50場活動。文章介紹了四個即將舉行的活動的信息?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)InternationalInventionInnovationCompetitioninCanada(iCAN)部分中“Thisyearisaspecialonlineedition.Youcansendyourapplicationformandvideofilebefore10thAugust2023byemail.(今年是特別的網(wǎng)絡版。您可以在2023年8月10日前通過電子郵件發(fā)送您的申請表格和視頻文件。)”可知，iCAN活動是今年只在網(wǎng)上開放。故選B。【2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Macao(China)InternationalInnovationandInventionExhibitionExpo(MiiEX)部分中“MiiEXoffersaplatformforcommunicationamonguniversitystudentsandinventors,throughwhichstudentswillgetinspirationfrominteractionamongparticipants.(MiiEX為大學生和發(fā)明家提供了一個交流的平臺，學生可以從參與者之間的互動中獲得靈感。)”可知，該活動的受益者為大學生。故選D?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MalaysiaTechnologyExhibition(MTE)部分中“Theawardsespeciallyencouragethedevelopmentoflocalsolutionstolocalchallenges.(該獎項特別鼓勵針對當?shù)靥魬?zhàn)制定當?shù)亟鉀Q方案。)”可知，與本土有關系的致力于解決當?shù)靥魬?zhàn)的方案更有可能獲獎。故選D。BNeudyRojop,29,looksacrosstherough,rockyroadinthesmallruralvillageofSanRafaelPacaya.Itleadstothehomewhereshegrewupandwhereshestilllivestoday.WhenRojopwasabout10,hercousin,Carlos,wasverysick.Withoutanylocalclinics(診所),Rojop’sfamilycouldn’tevenfigureoutwhatthediseasewas.Theycoulddonothingbutwait.Growingup,shenoticedhowfrequentlymanyofthosearoundherweregettingsick.Asateenager,shestartedtorealizehercommunityneededbetterchancetohealthcare.Soshedeterminedtogotoanursingschool.Buthervisionwasbeyondbeinganurse.Aftergraduation,sherealizedonepersonwasnotenoughtomakethecommunitybetter.“Thepeopleheremayhavecommondiseases,”shethought.“Someareknown.Buttheremaybenewdiseasesthatwedon’tknowabout.”Shewantedtodosomethingtokeepanyillnessfrombeingathreatinthefirstplace.Shewantedtotrainpeopleanddosomeresearchtomonitortheseillnessesandtrytoprovideearlyactions,ortryoutnewwaystopreventsomeofthem.Overthenextfewyears,sheandasmallteambroughthervisiontolife.Theyprovidedmeasuresthatcouldlimitthepossiblerisks.Olson,oneofhercolleagues,recalled,“Shehaszeroclinicalexperienceandzeroresearchexperienceatfirst,butnowsheisasuperstarhere.Herworkingplaceisusuallybusywithabout300patientspermonth.”NowRojopstartsherdayswithamorningmeeting,makingdecisions,solvingproblemsandsettingprioritieswithherteammates.“Inthepast,IwassoyoungthatIcoulddonothingformycommunity,”shesays.“ButnowIcanhelpbecauseIknowhow.”4.WhatinspiredRojoptogotoanursingschool?A.Afuturewell-paidjob.B.Herpoorfamilybackground.C.Theneedofcommunityhealthcare.D.Herchildhoodexperiencesofbeingsick.5.WhatwasRojop’svisionaftergraduation?A.Buildingmorelocalhospitals.B.Actingasaprofessionalnurse.C.Preventingdiseasesthroughearlyactions.D.Providingbettereducationfortheschoolkids.6.WhatcanbeinferredfromOlson’swordsinParagraph4?A.Rojophasbeenacceptedwidely.B.Rojoplacksworkingexperience.C.Rojopenjoysbeingbroughtintofocus.D.Rojophasn’tsatisfiedpublicexpectations.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthequalityofRojop?A.Frank. B.Flexible. C.Determined. D.Generous.〖答案〗4.C5.C6.A7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了NeudyRojop的故事，因為意識到所在社區(qū)醫(yī)療保健的需求，她去了護理學校上學，但她不想局限于做一名護士，畢業(yè)后她積極工作實現(xiàn)了通過早期行動來預防疾病的想法?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Asateenager,shestartedtorealizehercommunityneededbetterchancetohealthcare.Soshedeterminedtogotoanursingschool.”（十幾歲的時候，她開始意識到她的社區(qū)需要更好的醫(yī)療保健機會。所以她決定去一所護理學校。）可知，社區(qū)醫(yī)療保健的需求促使Rojop去上護理學校。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Shewantedtodosomethingtokeepanyillnessfrombeingathreatinthefirstplace.Shewantedtotrainpeopleanddosomeresearchtomonitortheseillnessesandtrytoprovideearlyactions,ortryoutnewwaystopreventsomeofthem.”（她想做點什么，讓疾病從一開始就不構(gòu)成威脅。她想培訓人們，做一些研究來監(jiān)測這些疾病，并嘗試提供早期行動，或者嘗試新的方法來預防其中一些疾病。）可知，畢業(yè)后Rojop的構(gòu)想是通過早期行動預防疾病。故選C項?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中Olson的話“Shehaszeroclinicalexperienceandzeroresearchexperienceatfirst,butnowsheisasuperstarhere.Herworkingplaceisusuallybusywithabout300patientspermonth.”（她一開始沒有臨床經(jīng)驗，也沒有研究經(jīng)驗，但現(xiàn)在她是這里的超級明星。她的工作場所通常每個月都要接待大約300名患者。）可知，Rojop現(xiàn)在非常有經(jīng)驗，會接待非常多的患者。由此可知，她已被廣泛接受。故選A項。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，NeudyRojop小時候意識到社區(qū)醫(yī)療保健的需求，于是去了護理學校上學。但她不想局限于做一名護士，畢業(yè)后她設想通過早期行動來預防疾病，并積極地行動實現(xiàn)了這個想法。由此可知，Rojop是一個堅定地實現(xiàn)夢想的人。故選C項。CPeoplearealwayscuriousaboutresearchingthewell-preservedmasterpiecesinWesternhistoryfromthe“OldMasters”suchasLeonardodaVinci,Caravaggio,andSandroBotticelli.Oneincrediblefindingisthattheyalllovedusingakindofunusualpaintintheirpaintings.Tobeexact,theartistswouldmixeggsintotheirpaintstocreateathingcalled“eggtempera(蛋彩)”.ThistechniquedatesbacktoancientEgyptandcanbefoundonmanyofthepaintingsfromtheOldMasterssuchasBoticelli’s“BirthofVenus”.Scientistsstudytheelementsoftheirpaintingsandfindthatthereareaddedproteins(蛋白質(zhì))totheworksofart.ThereasonforthathadeludedusforalongtimeuntilanewstudywaspublishedTuesday,whichmighttelluswhy.Toreachtheirfindings,thestudy’sauthorsdrewonanalysisofOldMasterpaintingssuchasBoticelli’s“TheLamentationsofChrist”andDaVinci’s“MadonnaoftheCarnation”alongwithchemicaldatafromlab-madeeggtempera.Theyfoundthattheeggproteinsessentiallycreatedathinprotectivecoveraroundthepaintwiththeoilintheeggs.Thishelpedpreventitfromwrinkling,discolorationwhilestoppingitfromyellowingovertimebyslowingdownreactionsbetweentheairandoilinthepaints.Thefindingsprovidefreshinsightsintothecraftofsomeofthegreatestartistswhohaveeverlived.ItjustgoestoshowthatwhileDaVinciandhisfellowsmightbegonenow,therearestillplentyofartiststhatwecanlearnfromtheirprocessesandartwork.Asanoldsayinggoes,youhavetocrackafeweggsifyouwanttomakeanomelet(煎蛋卷)—and,apparently,sodoesamasterpieceworkofart.8.Whatdothe“OldMasters”haveincommonaccordingtothetext?A.Theyallkepttheirworkswell. B.Theysharedthesamepaintingstyle.C.Theylivedinthesamehistoryperiod. D.Theyallusedeggtemperaintheirpaintings.9.Whichofthefollowingcanreplace“eluded”inparagraph3?A.Excited. B.Embraced. C.Confused. D.Aided.10.Whatisthepurposeofusingeggsinpaintings?A.Toreplacetheexpensivepaints. B.Topresentdifferentshadesofyellow.C.Toformacovertoprotectthepaintings. D.Tostimulatethereactionbetweenpaints.11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ChemicalStudyofEggs B.EnvironmentalUseofEggsC.TheEggWisdomof“OldMasters” D.ANewWaytoAppreciateWesternArt〖答案〗8.D9.C10.C11.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以前的藝術(shù)家通過在顏料中添加雞蛋，來保護畫作?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tobeexact,theartistswouldmixeggsintotheirpaintstocreateathingcalled“eggtempera(蛋彩)”.(確切地說，藝術(shù)家們將雞蛋混合到他們的顏料中，創(chuàng)造出一種叫做“蛋彩畫”的東西)”可知，OldMasters的共同之處是都在畫中使用蛋彩畫。故選D。【9題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“foralongtimeuntilanewstudywaspublishedTuesday,whichmighttelluswhy”可知，周二發(fā)表的一項新研究可能會告訴原因，說明在這之前這個問題一致困擾著科學家們。故劃線詞意思是“困擾”。故選C?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theyfoundthattheeggproteinsessentiallycreatedathinprotectivecoveraroundthepaintwiththeoilintheeggs.Thishelpedpreventitfromwrinkling,discolorationwhilestoppingitfromyellowingovertimebyslowingdownreactionsbetweentheairandoilinthepaints.(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，雞蛋中的蛋白質(zhì)在雞蛋的顏料周圍形成了一層薄薄的保護層。這有助于防止它起皺，變色，同時通過減緩顏料中空氣和油之間的反應來防止它隨著時間的推移變黃)”可推知，在繪畫中使用雞蛋的目的是形成一個保護罩來保護畫作。故選C?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Peoplearealwayscuriousaboutresearchingthewell-preservedmasterpiecesinWesternhistoryfromthe“OldMasters”suchasLeonardodaVinci,Caravaggio,andSandroBotticelli.Oneincrediblefindingisthattheyalllovedusingakindofunusualpaintintheirpaintings.(從達芬奇、卡拉瓦喬、桑德羅·波提切利等“老大師”開始，人們總是好奇地想要研究西方歷史上保存完好的杰作。一個令人難以置信的發(fā)現(xiàn)是，他們都喜歡在他們的畫中使用一種不尋常的顏料)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)以前的藝術(shù)家通過在顏料中添加雞蛋，來保護畫作。可知，C選項““老大師”的蛋智慧”最符合文章標題。故選C。DWhennaturaldisastershappen,animalsareveryoftenleftalonetodefendthemselvesagainsttheviolenceofnature.However,today,amanhaschangedthisbyusingdrones(無人機)tolocatethem.DouglasThron,apersonfromCalifornia,hasbeenhelpingwildlifearoundtheworldinzoneswhereanaturaldisasterhasjusthappened,whetheritiscausedbyafire,atornado,ahurricaneorevenatsunami.Withthehelpofhisdrone,hecanlocateanimalsstillalivethatcouldbetrappedsomewheretheycannotgetout.Oncehefindsoneormore,wildliferescuersmoveintofreethemorbringthembacktosafetytobetreated,iftheyarewounded.Thronhasbeeninvolvedinvariousactionstohelptheenvironmentsincethe1990s.HetookaspecialinterestinsavingtheancientredwoodforestsofCaliforniabuthisjobthenwastoshootvideoswithhiscamera.In2019,aCategoryFivehurricanehittheBahamas.ThrondecidedtovolunteerwithagroupcalledSeaShepherdwiththemissionofdocumentingthedamage.Hebroughtdroneswithhim.However,ashewasflyingthem,henoticedagreatnumberoftrappeddogs.Thatiswhenhetookthedecisiontotryandsaveasmanyanimalsashecould.Torecognizeanimalsatthedistanceeasily,hedecidedtoaddinfrared(紅外線的)camerastoupdatethedrone,whichwouldrecognizetheheatofanimalsandmakeiteasiertoidentifythoseneedinghelp.Hesaysthattheabilityfordronestohelpandsaveanimallivesisjusttoogreat.Healsoinsiststhatalthoughitworksincasesofdisastersforwildanimals,itcanalsoapplytothesearchofdomesticones.12.WhatdoesThrondowiththehelpofdrones?A.Leadtheanimalstosafeplaces.B.Locatetrappedanimalsinthedisasters.C.Detectwherethereisanaturaldisaster.D.Defendhimselfagainsttheviolenceofnature.13.WhatdidThronusedtobe?A.Aforestguard.B.Ananimalrescuer.C.Avideophotographer.D.Anenvironmentalexpert.14.WhendidThrondecidetotakeupsavinganimals?A.Whenheboughtdrones.B.Whenhewentintoredwoodforests.C.WhenhebegantovolunteerinCalifornia.D.Whenhenoticedthedogsneedinghelpinahurricane.15.WhydidThronupdatehisdrone?A.Toreplacetheoldone.B.Tomeasuretheheatofanimals.C.Toidentifyanimalsmoreeasily.D.Torescuethepeopleindisasters.〖答案〗12.B13.C14.D15.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了以前在自然災害發(fā)生后，人類忙于自救，動物們只能聽天由命，自我保護。而現(xiàn)在，一名來自加利福尼亞的男子道格拉斯·斯隆通過使用無人機來定位被困動物，從而實施救助。【12題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Withthehelpofhisdrone,hecanlocateanimalsstillalivethatcouldbetrappedsomewheretheycannotgetout.(在無人機的幫助下，他可以找到那些可能被困在某個地方無法脫身的活著的動物)”可知，Thron使用無人機確定被困動物的位置，從而使救援人員對其施救。故選B項?！?3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“HetookaspecialinterestinsavingtheancientredwoodforestsofCaliforniabuthisjobthenwastoshootvideoswithhiscamera.(他對保護加州古老的紅木森林特別感興趣，但當時他的工作是用相機拍攝視頻)”可知，Thron曾做過視頻攝影師。故選C項?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In2019,aCategoryFivehurricanehittheBahamas.ThrondecidedtovolunteerwithagroupcalledSeaShepherdwiththemissionofdocumentingthedamage.Hebroughtdroneswithhim.However,ashewasflyingthem,henoticedagreatnumberoftrappeddogs.Thatiswhenhetookthedecisiontotryandsaveasmanyanimalsashecould.(2019年，一場五級颶風襲擊了巴哈馬群島。Thron決定成為一個名為“海洋守護者”的組織的志愿者，其任務是記錄破壞情況。他帶來了無人機。然而，當他駕駛飛機時，他注意到許多被困的狗。就在那時，他決定盡可能多地拯救動物)”可知，他是在颶風后發(fā)現(xiàn)許多狗被困需要營救時，決定專門從事動物救援工作。故選D項。【15題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Torecognizeanimalsatthedistanceeasily,hedecidedtoaddinfrared(紅外線的)camerastoupdatethedrone,whichwouldrecognizetheheatofanimalsandmakeiteasiertoidentifythoseneedinghelp.(為了更容易地識別遠處的動物，他決定在無人機上安裝紅外攝像頭升級他的相機，讓無人機能夠識別動物的體溫，從而更容易識別需要幫助的動物)”可知，他升級他的相機是為了更容易地識別被困動物。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題3分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoSurviveaLightningStrike?AccordingtotheNationalWeatherService,almosttwo-thirdsoflightningaccidentsoccuraspeopleenjoyleisureactivitiesoutdoors.____16____.Here’showtostaysafewhenyou’reenjoyingsummeroutdoors.Keepaneyeonthesky____17____.Thunderstormsusuallyoccurintheafternoonorevening.Startyourhikeinthemorning,andfinishupbynooniftheforecastindicatesbadweatherahead.Iftheforecastcallsforperiodicstormsthroughouttheday,makeasmartchoiceandconsidergivingupthetrip.____18____.Beforeyouheadoutforhiking,checkmapstolocatevisitorcenters,campgroundbuildings,orrestareasalongyourroute.Onceyouhearthunder,seelightning,orsensethatastormisapproaching,don’thesistatetouseyourplan.Hikersarestronglyadvisedtowatchcontinuallyforthenearestshelter.____19____.Knowthestorm’sdistanceCountthesecondsbetweentheflashandthefollowingsoundofthunder.Dividethenumberofsecondsbyfivetocalculatethenumberofmilesbetweenyouandthestorm.Forexample,ifthenumberofsecondsis30,thenthedistanceinbetweenequalssixmiles,andfindshelterimmediately.____20____,justrememberthatyoucanhearthunderatadistanceof10miles.A.MakeasafetyplanB.ChecktheweatherforecastaheadC.IfthissimplemathisstillconfusingD.IfyougetindoorsassoonaspossibleE.Peoplearestruckwhilecamping,hikingorboatingF.StayingcalmwillhelpyouavoidmeetingfurtherdangersG.Carcamperscanstayinthevehicleswhennoothershelterisavailable〖答案〗16.E17.B18.F19.G20.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹在戶外遭遇雷暴天氣如何保持安全?！?6題詳析】上文“AccordingtotheNationalWeatherService,almosttwo-thirdsoflightningaccidentsoccuraspeopleenjoyleisureactivitiesoutdoors.(根據(jù)美國國家氣象局的數(shù)據(jù)，近三分之二的雷擊事故發(fā)生在人們在戶外休閑活動時)”提到，近三分之二的雷擊事故發(fā)生在人們在戶外休閑活動時，E項“人們在露營、遠足或劃船時被擊中”與上文語義一致，E項中的“camping,hikingorboating”呼應上文的“l(fā)eisureactivitiesoutdoors”，故選E。【17題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Startyourhikeinthemorning,andfinishupbynooniftheforecastindicatesbadweatherahead.Iftheforecast…(早上開始你的徒步旅行，如果預報顯示天氣不好，在中午結(jié)束。如果天氣預報……)”可知，此處是說要提前查看天氣預報，B項“請?zhí)崆安榭刺鞖忸A報”符合語境，故選B?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Iftheforecastcallsforperiodicstormsthroughouttheday,makeasmartchoiceandconsidergivingupthetrip.(如果天氣預報說全天都會有周期性的暴風雨，做出明智的選擇，考慮放棄這次旅行)”可知，如果天氣預報說天氣不好，要作出明智的選擇，考慮放棄這次旅行，這樣就可以避免危險，F(xiàn)項“保持冷靜可以幫助你避免進一步的危險”符合語境，故選F。【19題詳析】上文“Hikersarestronglyadvisedtowatchcontinuallyforthenearestshelter.(強烈建議徒步旅行者不斷觀察最近的庇護所)”提到要不斷觀察最近的庇護所，G項“在沒有其他庇護所的情況下，汽車露營者可以待在車上”也是關于庇護所，符合語境，故選G?！?0題詳析】上文“Forexample,ifthenumberofsecondsis30,thenthedistanceinbetweenequalssixmiles,andfindshelterimmediately.(例如，如果秒數(shù)是30，那么兩者之間的距離等于6英里，并立即找到庇護所)”舉例說明如何計算離風暴有多遠，結(jié)合下文“justrememberthatyoucanhearthunderatadistanceof10miles(只要記住你可以在10英里外聽到雷聲)”可知，此處是說如果你還是不會算，就記住你可以在10英里外聽到雷聲，C項“如果這個簡單的數(shù)學仍然令人困惑”符合語境，故選C。第三部分語言知識運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。ItiswellknownthatweSherpa(夏爾巴人)areregardedasthebackboneforclimbingabove8000meters.But____21____,therewerenoSherpaonthelistof8000-meterWinterFirstAscents(攀登),whichmademeasaSherpafeel____22____.IattemptedtoclimbK2,thesecondhighestmountainintheworldlastwinter,but____23____.YetIstillwantedtoseeourflagputonits____24____,whichhadlongbeenmydream.Thisyear,ImadeallthearrangementsandteamedwiththreeotherSherpa.Itrustedthembecausetheywerestrong,____25____andmostimportantlytheywerethinkinglikeme—national____26____first.WhenwestartedonNov.21,we____27____thatwecouldsucceedinreachingthetopwithinthreeweeksiftheweatherremained____28____.Butlater,whenwewereclosertoCampFour,myleftfootwasgettingfrozen,soIwasworriedIcouldputmyteammatesindanger____29____Icontinued.Theycomfortedmeandadvisedmeto____30____itbykickingtheice,which____31____workedbeforewesetoutagain.Oneofmyteammates,Tenzi,was____32____thewayandfixinglinesalltheway.Wewereclimbingbehindhimcarryingropesandotherstuff.Weallknewitwas____33____thatcouldmakeallofusholdonstraighttotheend.December17finally!At4:43pm,wejoinedshouldertoshouldertothesummitbutnotarriving____34____.Itdidn’t____35____whichoneofusgotthefirst,butwediditforthesignificantmeaning.Whenweunite,nothingisimpossible.21.A.surprisingly B.traditionally C.naturally D.fortunately22.A.hopeless B.ashamed C.satisfied D.relieved23.A.remained B.complained C.failed D.suffered24.A.territory B.ground C.border D.summit25.A.reliable B.realistic C.attractive D.addicted26.A.pride B.security C.property D.strategy27.A.doubted B.confirmed C.permitted D.expected28.A.hot B.typical C.normal D.freezing29.A.though B.if C.since D.so30.A.warm B.free C.wrap D.affect31.A.frequently B.actually C.hardly D.differently32.A.losing B.asking C.limiting D.leading33.A.guideline B.teamwork C.luck D.technique34.A.immediately B.safely C.individually D.entirely35.A.claim B.demonstrate C.matter D.occur〖答案〗21.A22.B23.C24.D25.A26.A27.D28.C29.B30.A31.B32.D33.B34.C35.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了夏爾巴人被視為攀登8000米以上的中堅力量，但是8000米WinterFirstAscents的名單上沒有夏爾巴人。作者作為夏爾巴人決定改變這個事實。他和他的隊友經(jīng)歷重重的困難，最終登峰。他覺得當人們團結(jié)起來時，沒有什么是不可能的。【21題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但令人驚訝的是，8000米WinterFirstAscents的名單上沒有夏爾巴人，這讓我作為夏爾巴人感到羞愧。A.surprisingly出乎意料地，令人驚訝地；B.traditionally傳統(tǒng)上地；C.naturally自然地；D.fortunately幸運地。根據(jù)上文“ItiswellknownthatweSherpaareregardedasthebackboneforclimbingabove8000meters”以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，夏爾巴人被視為攀登8000米以上的中堅力量，但令人驚訝的是，8000米冬季第一次攀登的名單上沒有夏爾巴人。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但令人驚訝的是，8000米WinterFirstAscents的名單上沒有夏爾巴人，這讓我作為夏爾巴人感到羞愧。A.hopeless無望的；B.ashamed羞愧的；C.satisfied滿足的；D.relieved釋然的。根據(jù)上文“therewerenoSherpaonthelistof8000-meterWinterFirstAscents(攀登)”可知，8000米WinterFirstAscents的名單上沒有夏爾巴人，這件事讓作為夏爾巴人的作者感到很羞愧。故選B。【23題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：去年冬天，我試圖攀登世界第二高峰K2，但沒有成功。A.remained保留；B.complained抱怨；C.failed失??；D.suffered遭受。根據(jù)空前“IattemptedtoclimbK2,thesecondhighestmountainintheworldlastwinter”以及轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but可知，作者試圖攀登世界第二高峰，但是失敗了。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我仍然希望看到我們的國旗登上頂峰，這是我長期以來的夢想。A.territory地區(qū)；B.ground地面；C.border邊界；D.summit頂峰。根據(jù)下文“December17finally!At4:43pm,wejoinedshouldertoshouldertothesummit”可知，作者希望把國旗插上山頂。故選D?！?5題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我信任他們，因為他們堅強、可靠，最重要的是，他們和我一樣思考——民族自豪感第一。A.reliable可靠的；B.realistic現(xiàn)實的；C.attractive吸引人的；D.addicted上癮的。根據(jù)空前“Itrustedthem”可知，作者相信他的隊員，因為他們堅強、可靠。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我信任他們，因為他們堅強、可靠，最重要的是，他們和我一樣思考——民族自豪感第一。A.pride驕傲；B.security安全；C.property性質(zhì)；D.strategy策略。根據(jù)上文空前“mostimportantlytheywerethinkinglikeme”可知，他們和作者想的一樣，都想把國旗放到世界第二高峰的山頂上，由此可知，他們考慮的首先是名族自豪感。故選A?！?7題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我們從11月21日開始時，我們預計如果天氣保持正常，我們可以在三周內(nèi)成功登頂。A.doubted懷疑；B.confirmed確認；C.permitted允許；D.expected預期。根據(jù)空后“thatwecouldsucceedinreachingthetopwithinthreeweeksiftheweatherremained________”可知，作者他們預計如果天氣正常，會在三周內(nèi)成功登頂。故選D?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當我們從11月21日開始時，我們預計如果天氣保持正常，我們可以在三周內(nèi)成功登頂。A.hot熱的；B.typical典型的；C.normal正常的；D.freezing極冷的。根據(jù)上文“wecouldsucceedinreachingthetopwithinthreeweeks”并結(jié)合常識可知，天氣正常的話，作者他們會在三周內(nèi)成功登頂。故選C?！?9題詳析】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：但后來，當我們接近四號營地時，我的左腳凍僵了，所以我擔心如果我繼續(xù)下去，我可能會把我的隊友置于危險之中。A.though盡管；B.if如果；C.since自從；D.so因此。根據(jù)上文“soIwasworriedIcouldputmyteammatesindanger”可知，作者擔心如果他繼續(xù)前進，會把隊友置于危險之中。故選B。【30題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們安慰我，建議我踢冰讓腿暖和過來，在我們再次出發(fā)之前，這實際上起了作用。A.warm取暖；B.free使解脫出來；C.wrap包裹；D.affect影響。根據(jù)空后“bykickingtheice”以及上文提到作者的左腳凍僵可知，隊友建議作者把冰踢掉讓腿暖和過來，這樣可以繼續(xù)前進。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他們安慰我，建議我踢冰讓腿暖和過來，在我們再次出發(fā)之前，這實際上起了作用。A.frequently經(jīng)常地；B.actually實際上；C.hardly幾乎沒有；D.differently不同地。根據(jù)空后“workedbeforewesetoutagain”并結(jié)合下文提到作者繼續(xù)攀登可知，隊友的建議實際上起了作用。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的一個隊友Tenzi，一直在帶路和固定線路。A.losing失去；B.asking問；C.limiting限制；D.leading帶領。根據(jù)下文“Wewereclimbingbehindhimcarryingropesandotherstuff.”可知，Tenzi在前面帶路。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們都知道，團隊合作可以讓我們所有人堅持到底。A.guideline準則；B.teamwork團隊合作；C.luck幸運；D.technique技巧。根據(jù)下文“Whenweunite,nothingisimpossible.”以及全文語境可知，是團隊協(xié)作讓作者他們成功的登頂。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：下午4點43分，我們肩并肩登上頂峰，但不是個人先抵達。A.immediately立即；B.safely安全地；C.individually單獨地，個人地；D.entirely完全地。根據(jù)下文“butwediditforthesignificantmeaning.”可知，作者他們是肩并肩登上的頂峰，而不是個人。故選C。【35題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我們誰先到達不重要，但我們這樣做的意義重大。A.claim要求；B.demonstrate證明；C.matter重要；D.occur發(fā)生。根據(jù)下文“butwediditforthesignificantmeaning”作者認為誰先到達并不重要。故選C。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。〖答案〗寫在題號后的橫線上。Recently,Beijingsubwayline“DaxingAirportExpress”hastakentechnologyfurther.It____36____(introduce)palm(手掌)recognitiontoitspaymentsysteminAprilthisyear.Withthe____37____(assist)ofthistechnology,passengerscanenter____38____exit“empty-handed”byscanningtheirpalmstwice.Passengerscanshowtheirpalmstopassticketgatesatstopsalongthelineafter____39____(put)inthepalminformationatthestationticketmachines.Feesaretakenaway____40____(accurate)fromthepassengers’accountaftertheirexit.____41____(compare)withtheexistingQRcodescanning,thistechnologydoesn’trequiretheuser’ssmartphone.Peopleonlyneedtoshowonehand____42____theairwithouttouchinganything.Thatisthereason____43____thistechnologyiswelcomedbytheyoungpeople.“Thatismuch____44____(convenient)thanIexpected.”saidapassengerhappilyrightafterhisfirstattempttousehispalmtotakethesubway.“Moreimportantly,myprivateinformationcan____45____(protect)byusingthistechnologyeffectively.”〖答案〗36.introduced37.assistance38.the39.putting40.accurately41.Compared42.in43.why44.moreconvenient45.beprotected【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了北京大興國際機場使用掌紋識別技術(shù)給乘客們帶來了便利?！?6題詳析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：今年4月，它在支付系統(tǒng)中引入了掌紋識別。分析句子，設空處使用動詞作謂語，句子表述過去事實，故使用一般過去時。故填introduced?！?7題詳析】考查名詞。句意：在這項技術(shù)的幫助下，乘客可以通過掃描兩次手掌來“空手”進入出口。分析句子，設空處使用assist的名詞assistance作賓語，意為“幫助”。故填assistance?！?8題詳析】考查冠詞。句意：同上。句中exit為名詞，意為“出口”，此處表示特指。故填the?！?9題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：乘客在車站售票機輸入掌紋信息后，可以在沿途各站的檢票口出示掌紋。分析句子，設空處置于介詞after之后，故使用動名詞作賓語。故填putting。【40題詳析】考查副詞。句意：乘客出境后，費用會準確地從他們的賬戶中扣除。設空處使用副詞修飾動詞。故填accurately?！?1題詳析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：與現(xiàn)有的二維碼掃描相比，該技術(shù)不需要用戶的智能手機。句中doesn’trequire為謂語動詞，設空處使用非謂語動詞。thistechnology與compare之間是被動關系，故使用過去分詞作狀語。同時該空置于句首，首字母大寫。故填Compared?！?2題詳析】考查介詞。句意：人們只需要在不接觸任何東西的情況下向空中伸出一只手。句中使用介詞與空后的theair構(gòu)成介詞短語。intheair表示“在空中”。故填in?！?3題詳析】考查定語從句。句意：這就是為什么這項技術(shù)受到年輕人歡迎的原因。設空處引導定語從句，修飾先行詞thereason，引導詞在從句中作原因狀語，應用關系副詞why引導。故填why?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞。句意：那比我預料的要方便得多。根據(jù)句中的much和than可知，設空處使用形容詞的比較級作表語。故填moreconvenient。【45題詳析】考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：更重要的是，通過有效地使