挑戰(zhàn)練06 閱讀理解(新聞報(bào)道類)(原卷版)-2020-2021學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)

2020~2021學(xué)年下學(xué)期高二英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)06閱讀理解(新聞報(bào)道類)1Agreatamountofdark,stickytar(焦油)wasreportedalongIsrael'scoastlastweek.Anoff-shoreoiltankerisbelievedtohaveleakedout.Thefloatingoilcanformtarballsasitispushedbywindandwavesontheocean'ssurface.Afteraviolentstorm,thetarballswereseenashore.Israelhasabout190kilometersbeaches.Thetarhasalreadyhadabigeffectonthelocalwildlife.Volunteerswereworkingquicklytorescueseabirds,turtlesandfish.Someanimalswerecoveredinoilortar.Othershadswallowedit.Thebodyofayoungwhalewasfoundwasheduponshore.Thewhaleappearedtohavediedafterswallowingablackoilyliquid.Thegovernmenthasaskedpeopletoavoidgoingtothebeach,sincetarexposurecanmakepeoplesickanddoharmtotheskin.Anumberofvolunteershadtobetakentothehospitalafterbreathingintheairpollutedbychemicalsfromthetar.ExpertsfromIsraelandcountriesinEuropearestilltryingtofigureoutexactlywhathappened.Theleakisbelievedtohavetakenplaceaboutaweekago,whentherewerestrongstormsinthearea.IsraelbelievedthatashipleakedtensorevenhundredsoftonsofoilintheMediterranean.Expertsareworkingtogethertoreviewsatelliteimagesofshipsthatpassedthroughthearea,andtheyhavealistofabout10shipsthatarethemostlikelyonestoleakout.TheIsraelNatureandParksAuthoritywarnedthatthe“consequenceswillbeseenforyearstocome”.IsraelienvironmentministerGilaGamlielsaidonSaturdaythatthereisnomorefloatingoilvisibleoffIsrael'scoast,“whichisaveryanimativecondition”.However,theministrywarnedthatlargewavesareforecastthisweek.Thewavescouldcarrythestickytarfrombeachtobeach,whichcouldmakeclean-upeffortsmoredifficult.1.Whatbroughtthetarballstotheshore?A.Anoilship. B.Astrongstorm.C.Theseaanimals. D.TheFloatingoil.2.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheoiltankerleak?A.Israelhasfoundoutthecauseoftheleak.B.Volunteershavetriedhardtostoptheleak.C.Whentheleakoccurredhasn'tbeenfiguredout.D.Whichshipisresponsiblefortheleakisunclear.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“animative”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Challenging. B.Encouraging. C.Rare. D.Natural.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Health. B.Science. C.Environment. D.Trade.2AtinyvillageinAlaskahasexperiencedanincreaseintourisminrecentyearsaspolarbearsspendmoretimeonlandthanonArcticseaice.Morethan2,000peoplevisitedthevillageofKaktoviklastyeartoseepolarbearsinthewild.Thefarnorthcommunityislocatedinanareawhererapidglobalwarminghasspedupthemovementofseaice,theprimaryhabitatofpolarbears.Asicehasgraduallymovedtodeepwaterbeyondcontinentalshelf,morebearsareforcedtoremainonlandtolookforfood.Thevillagehadfewerthan50visitorsannuallybefore2011,saidJenniferReed,aworkeroftheArcticNationalWildlifeRefuge.“Todaywe'retalkingaboutthousandsofvisitors,manyfromaroundtheworldeachyear,”Reedsaid.PolarbearshavealwaysbeenacommonsightonseaicenearKaktovik,butresidentsstartednoticingachangeinthemid-1990s.Becauseofthedifficultsituation,morebearsstartedtostayonland,andresearchersbegantakingnoteofmorefemalebearsmakingdens(獸穴)inthesnowonlandinsteadofontheicetoraisetheirbabies.“U.S.FishandWildlifeServicebiologistsbeganhearingreportsoftheincreasingnumbersofpolarbearsintheareaintheearly2000s,”Reedsaid.Asmoreattentionwasgiventotheplightofpolarbears,moretouristsstatedheadingtoKaktovik.Mosttouristsvisitinthefall,whenbearsareforcedtowardlandbecauseseaiceisthefarthestawayfromtheshore.BruceInglangasak,alocalhunterwhoofferswildlife-viewingtours,saidhehasbeenofferingpolarbeartourssince2003or2004.MostofhisclientsarefromEuropeandtheUSA.“Manytouristsstayseveraldaysinthevillage,whichhastwosmallhotels,”Brucesaid.5.Whydomorepolarbearsstayonland?A.Tosearchforfood. B.Tokeepawayfrompollution.C.Toobserveclimatechange. D.Toprotectcontinentalshelf.6.Wheredopolarbearsprefertolive?A.Onland. B.Insnow. C.Onseaice. D.Underwater.7.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“plight”inparagraph5?A.difference B.difficulty C.extinction D.experiment8.Whatcanweknowaboutpolarbearsfromthetext?A.Theylikestayingwithpeople. B.Theylackpeople'sattention.C.Theirhabitatisdecreasing. D.Theirchoiceoffoodischanging.3SuMin,a56-year-oldretireefromHenanProvinceincentralChina,hasbecomefamousonlinebecauseofhersoloroadtrip.ShepostedvideoupdatesasshedroveandinOctober,oneofthemwentviralonDouyin,theChineseTikTok.Init,shedescribedhowoppressedshehadfeltbyhouseworkandherhusband.Millionswatchedthevideo,sharingitwithlabelslike"runawaywife.”Hermainappealisnotthescenicviewsshecaptures,butheraccountsofherabusivemarriage,dissatisfactionwithdomesticlifeandnewfoundfreedom.Olderwomensendhermessagesabouthowpainfullyfamiliarherstoryfeels;foryoungerwomen,sheisanadviseraboutmarriage."IwishmymothercouldbelikeAuntieSuandliveforherself,insteadofbeingtrappedbylife,"readacommentononeofhervideos.HerunexpectedpopularitydemonstratesaflourishingawarenessofgenderequalityinChina.Ms.Suusedtoworkinafertilizerfactoryandshemarriedherhusbandat23.Shethoughtmarriagemightbeawayoutoftheendlesschoressheshouldered.Butinsteadshefoundherselfladenwithevenmorehousework,aswellasverbalandphysicalabuseSheresignedherselftoherunhappylifeathome.Then,inlate2019,shecameacrossavideoonlineofsomeoneintroducingtheirsoloroadtrip.Sherememberedherchildhooddreamofdriving—thefreedomandcomfortithadrepresented.Overthefollowingmonths,shedevouredeveryvideoshecouldfindaboutroadtripsandmadeuphermind:Oncehergrandsonsenteredpreschool,shewouldsetoutonatripofherown.OnSep.24,shefixedhertenttothetopofherPolocarandsetofffromherhomeinthecityofZhengzhou.Ms.Sujourneyedacrossthecountrywhilemakinghervideos,inwhichshewasgratefulforhernewfoundfreedom.InMarch.Net-a-Porter,theluxuryshoppingwebsite,evenfeaturedMs.SuinanadvertisementforInternationalWomen'sDay.Still,Ms.Sublushedwhenaskedabouthernewfumeandsaidshewasnotyetqualifiedtobecalledafeminist（女權(quán)主義者）."IttookmesomanyyearstorealizethatIhadtoliveformyself."9.Ms.Suhasbecomefamousonlinebecause_______.A.shepostsvideoupdatesofthescenicviewsB.sheisthefirstwomantomakesoloroadtripC.shemakesaccountsofhertraditionalmarriageD.sherepresentswomen'sawarenessofgenderequality10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"devoured"inParagraph3mean?A.Deleted. B.Shot. C.Uploaded. D.Watched.11.Theturningpointthatlitherlongingforsolotravelcamewhen________.A.hergrandsonsfinallyenteredpreschoolB.shewatchedavideoaboutsoloroadtripC.shefixedatenttoherPolocarandsetoffD.herhusbandabusedherverballyandphysically12.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Shefeltmorethansatisfiedtoliveforherself.B.Sheacceptedtheideaofbeingafeministnow.C.Shemadevideosonherjourneytomakemoney.D.Shebecameaspokeswomanforaluxuryshoppingwebsite.4Anewstudy,aprojectoftheresearchersfromtheUniversityofPittsburghinPennsylvania,findsthefitnesstrackerprobablydoesnothelpwithweightloss.Thedevicesaredesignedtorecordyourphysicalactivity.Theyareusuallywornaroundthewrist,wheretheymeasureaperson’sheartrate.Theresearchteamlookedattwogroupsofindividuals.Thefirstworeafitnesstrackerandtookpartinhealthcounseling(咨詢)withexpertstoconsiderthebestweight-lossplan.Theresearcherscomparedthisgroupwithpeoplewhoonlygothealthcounseling.Thestudyfoundthatthoseonlyspeakingwiththehealthexpertslostnearly6kilograms,butthoseusingafitnesstrackerlostonly3.5kilograms.JohnJakicic,theleadresearcher,questionedtheuseofelectronicdevicesforweightcontrolinplaceof“effectivebehavioralcounselingforphysicalactivityanddiet.”Thestudyinvolved470subjectsagedbetween18and35.Someofthemwereoverweight,whileotherswereconsideredobese(肥胖的).Overthreefourthsofthesubjectswerewomen.Allthesubjectsweretoldtoincreasephysicalactivityandstartonalow-caloriediet.Theyhadtheirweightmeasuredonceeverysixmonths.Aftersixmonths,researchersdividedthegroupintotwoparts:onecontinuedwithmonthlycounseling,whilemembersoftheothergroupweregivenafitnesstracker.Eighteenmonthslater,bothgroups“showedsignificantimprovementsinfitness,physicalactivity,anddiet,”withnomajordifferencebetweengroups.However,whenitcametolosingweight,thepeoplewhoonlyspokewithexpertslostnearlytwiceasmuchweight.Jakicicsaid,“Thestudy’sfindingsareimportantbecauseeffectivelong-termtreatmentsareneededtoaddressAmerica’sobesity.”Moreinformationisneeded,headded,tolearnhowtobestusethesedevicestochange“physicalactivityanddietbehaviors”inadultswhowanttoloseweight.13.Allthesubjectsinthestudywereaskedto________.A.startonahigh-caloriediet B.wearafitnesstrackerC.increasephysicalactivities D.recordtheirheartrates14.WhydoesJakicicthinkthefindingsareimportant?A.Wearingfitnesstrackershardlyhelpspeopleloseweight.B.Physicalactivityanddiethavenoeffectonweightloss.C.Handlingobesityrequireseffectivelong-termtreatments.D.Therearegreatdifferencesinfitnessbetweenbothgroups.15.Thepurposeofthetextisto________.A.describehowtheresearcherswereconductingthestudyB.indicateregularcounselingforweightcontrolisnecessaryC.convincereaderstowearfitnesstrackersforweightcontrolD.warnwomenaremorelikelytosufferfromweightproblems5Wastingthingsisanightmare(噩夢(mèng))fortheenvironment,especiallyfoodwaste,whichdoesdoubleharmtotheenvironment.Aplentyofresourcesgointothefoodandthefoodsystemalsoproduceslotsofgreenhousegasesandpollution.Inourhomes,restaurants,andfoodshops,17percentofallourfoodisthrownaway—that’saboutasixthofallofthefoodwehave.Ifyouaddonthefoodlostinproduction,aboutathirdofallfoodproducedneverreachesamouth.Atthesametime,nearly700millionpeoplewereaffectedbyhungerin2019,while3billionstillstruggletoaffordhealthyfood.Itismostlyhouseholdsthataretoblame:11percentofthefoodendsupinthetrashofourhomes,comparedtoamere5and2percentfromstoresandrestaurants.Thereasonswhyfoodgoestowasteareprobablyfamiliartoyou:dinnerpartyleftoversthatnevergeteaten,foodgoingbadbeforeyoucookit,orsimplyconfusionoversell-byanduse-bydatesthatleadstototallyfinefoodendingupinthegarbage.TheUNaimstocutfoodwasteinhalfattheconsumerandsalelevelsbylate2022.Luckily,there’sactuallyalotwecandoasindividualsandgovernmentscanmakepoliciestohelppeopleandtheenvironmentalot.Forindividuals,somethingimportantisbeingmorethoughtfulandpreparedwhengoingtothegrocerystore.Makealistofmealsyouwanttocook,andthenonlybuyfreshproducethatyouwill100percentbeeatinginthenextfewdays.Insocialaspect,improvingeducationonhowtopreservefoodandunderstandtrickylabels(標(biāo)簽),encouragingfoodrecyclingandpushingcompaniestosellsmallerquantitiesofhealthy,freshfoodforoneortwopeoplecouldallplayahelpfulroleinbringingdownthemassivepileofeatablewaste.16.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttofoodwaste?A.Foodshops. B.Restaurants. C.Households. D.Foodproduction.17.Whatispartlyresponsibleforfoodwaste?A.Peopleeatlessthanbefore. B.Thefoodpriceislow.C.Foodspoilseasilyduringthesummer. D.Peopleareconfusedabouttheshelflifeoffood.18.Whatistheauthor’sadviceonhowtodealwithfoodwaste?A.Grocerystoresshouldsupplylimitedfood.B.Peopleshouldraisetheirawarenessoffoodconservation.C.Everyoneshouldconsumeaslittlefoodaspossible.D.Governmentsshoulddistributefoodresourcesfairly.19.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Health. B.Fashion. C.Environment. D.Science.6NewZealandisnostrangertostrandedwhales(擱淺的鯨).Everyyear,rescuershelprefloatmanywhalesthatgetstuckinthecoastalwatersorsandduringlowtide(潮汐).However,lastweek’sstrandingoftwogroupsalmostneverhappens.OnFebruary9,over400pilotwhaleswerestrandedatthebaseofFarewellSpitatthenorthernendofGoldenBay.Unfortunately,bythetimerescuersarrived,almost300whaleshaddied.Morethan500volunteersworkedtirelesslytokeeptheremainingwhalescooluntilhightide.At3:30PMlocaltime,thewhaleshadbeensuccessfullypushedbackintotheocean.Butbeforetheexhaustedvolunteerscouldrecover,cameanotherpieceofnews.LateonFriday,February10,anewgroupofalmost200pilotwhaleswasdiscoveredstrandedalongthesameplace.AndrewLamason,theOperationsManagerattheDOC,saystheyareconfidentitwasanewgroupbecausetheyhadtagged(貼標(biāo)簽)alltherefloatedwhalesfromthefirstgroupandnoneofthewhalesinthenewgrouphadtags.Unfortunately,nothingcouldbedonetohelpthestrandedwhalesatnight.EarlySaturday,hundredsoflocalsreturnedtothebeach.Totheirsurpriseanddelight,allbut17ofthestrandedwhalesweregone!DOCspokesmanHerbChristopherssaystheywereprobablyableto“self-rescue”whenthetidecameinduringthenight.Therescuerstookcareoftheremaining17whalesuntilthetidereturned.Thankstoitsuniqueshapeandshallowwatersthataffecttheecholocation(回聲定位)ofwhalesmakingtheirwayaround,whalestrandingsarenotunusualnearFarewellSpit.However,expertsareshockedattheunusuallylargenumber.Christophersguessesthatalostwhale’sdistress(求救)callmayhavecausedtheentiregrouptorushtotherescue.However,anotherexpert,MikeOgle,hasadifferenttheory.Afternoticingsomesharkbitesononeofthewhales,hebelievestheymayhavebeentryingtoescapefromdanger.20.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaccordingtothepassage?A.Onlyabout100strandedwhalesinthefirstgroupsurvived.B.Rescuersarrivedtosavethefirstgroupofstrandedwhalesintime.C.Rescuerscouldn’tdoanythingtosavethewhalebeforehightidecame.D.WhalesseldomgetstrandedonthebeachofNewZealand.21.Thesurvivingwhalesofthefirstgroupprobablyreturnedtotheocean________.A.atthesightofsharks B.bymeansofthehightideC.undertheguidanceofthetags D.withthehelpofhumanbeings22.WhatmighthappenonthebeachduringthenightofFebruary10?A.Manyofthesecondgroupofstrandedwhalesdied.B.Thestrandedwhalesweretakenaway.C.Someonesavedthestrandedwhales.D.Hightidecame.23.WhydidAndrewLamasonbelievethesecondgroupofstrandedwhaleswasanewgroup?A.Becauseallthewhalesinthefirstgrouphadsharkbites.B.Becausethewhalesinthesecondgrouplookedstrange.C.Becausethewhalesinthesecondgroupdidnothavetags.D.Becausethewhalesinthefirstgrouphadleftthecoastline.7AstarvingpolarbearseenhuntingforfoodinamajorindustrialcityinnorthernSiberiahasbeencapturedandwillbetransportedtoawildlifeparkfortreatment,accordingtolocalreports.Photosshowedthefemaleanimaltrudgingacrossabusyroadwithmuddypaws,diggingthroughrubbleandtrashandlyingdownfromapparentexhaustionontheground.Expertsbelievetheanimal,initiallythoughttohavewanderedhundredsofmilesfromitsnaturalhabitatintheArctic,insteadmayhavebeentakenasababypolarandraisedinenclosedplacesbytraders,accordingtotheSiberianTimes.Theexpertsexplainedthatitistypicallynotfemalesbutmalesthatmigratelongdistances,andsaidthispolarbearwastoocleantohavemadesuchatravel,thenewspaperreported.Theytoldthenewspaperit'spossiblethatpoachersreleasedtheanimaltoavoidbeingcaughtandpunished.PolarbearpoachinghasbeenbannedinRussiaformorethan60years.Still,ithasbeenestimatedthatasmanyas200ofthemarekilledeachyearintheFarEastregion.AstheWashingtonpost'sIsaacStanley-Beckerreported,polarbears“areclassifiedasavulnerablespeciesbecauseofthe'ongoingandpotentiallossoftheirseaicehabitatresultingfromclimatechange,accordingtotheWorldWildlifeFund”.24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“enclosed"meaninparagraph3?A.Fenced B.Chained C.Diverged D.Guaranteed25.WhydoexpertsbelievethatthepolarbeardidnottravelfromtheArctictoRussiabyitself?A.Becausethispolarbearistooexhausted. B.Becausethispolarbearisamale.C.Becausethispolarbearhasnofamily. D.Becausethispolarbearlooksclean.26.Traditionally,whichofthefollowingtravellongaccordingtotheexperts?A.babypolarbears B.femalepolarbears C.malepolarbears D.strongpolarbears27.Why,accordingtothewriter,arebearsclassifiedasvulnerablespecies?A.Becausetheyhavewhitefur.B.Becausetheirseaicehabitatisdisappearing.C.Becausetheyarenotcutenough.D.Becausetheyareoftencapturedbypoachersandpelttraders.8Fedupwithtoomuchscreentime,somestudentsfromonePhiladelphiahighschoolintheUSrefusedtologonforschoolonDec14th,stagingaprotestthattheyhopewilldrawattentiontothedifficultsituationofstressedteenagersacrossthecityandbeyond.Insteadofattendingvirtualschoolfrom8amto3pmasusual,dozensofstudentsatKensingtonHighSchoolfortheCreativeandPerformingArts(KCAPA)declinedtoparticipateinclasses.LeilaniFerraraandherclassmatesdidn'twanttoshirkwork.“Infact,thelogoffwasdesignedtocatchuponmissedorincompleteassignments,andorganizedaroundthefactthatthecurrentschoolscheduleisunworkable,”saidFerrara,15,astrongstudentwhosegradesarenowfalling.“Weareallbreakingdowneveryday,”Ferrarasaid.“Ibarelyeat.I'msleepingallthetime.Youjustcan’tbeonlineeverydayfrom8amto3pm.It'stoomuch.”PhiladelphiaSchoolDistrictstudentshavenotseentheinsideoftheirclassroom