（學(xué)生版）第八章 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講與精練

第八章非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞精講與精練一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞講前練：用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式或用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~（1個(gè)）填空Letchildrenlearn[1]_________(judge)theirownwork.Achild[2]___________(learn)totalkdoesnotlearnby[3]_______________(correct)allthetime;if[4]___________(correct)toomuch,hewillstop[5]__________(talk).Henoticesathousandtimesadaythedifferencebetweenhislanguageandothers’language.Bitbybit,hemakestherightchanges[6]___________(make)hislanguagelikeotherpeople’s.Inthesameway,childrenlearntodoalltheotherthings.Theylearntotalk,run,climb,rideabicycleby[7]___________(compare)theirownbehaviorswiththoseofmore[8]_________(skill)people,andslowlymakethe[9]________(need)changes.Butinschoolteachersnevergiveachildachance[10]___________(find)outhismistakesforhimself,evenfewerchancesforhim[11]___________(correct)himself.Theydoitallforhim.Teachersactasifthestudentwouldfail[12]_________(notice)amistakeiftheydidnotpointitouttohim.Theyactasifthestudentwouldnevercorrectitunless[13]__________(make)to.Soonhe[14]____________(become)dependentontheteacher.Soweshouldlethim[15]_______(realize)hisownmistakesandworkoutwhattheansweristothatproblemwiththehelpofotherchildren.二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)精講：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)1、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判定利用動(dòng)詞的形式判斷謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。各時(shí)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式(見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)一章),注意:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+do是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一種形式非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：todo/doing/doneEG:Wheniceisheated,itcanturnintowater.Heated,icecanturnintowater.Thechildrenareworkinghardonthefarm,singingandlaughing.一個(gè)句子中，已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又沒(méi)有連詞的情況下。還有別的動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)時(shí)，需要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。EG:Themantookoutthekey,openedthedoorandenteredtheroom.Thequestiondiscussedatthemeetingyesterdayisofgreatimportance.考點(diǎn)對(duì)練1:判斷下列劃線動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞Wefoundthegirlsittinginthearmchair.Thestudentswentintothehall,followingtheirteacher.Themeetingheldyesterdaywasofgreatimportance.Shesatatthewindow,readingamagazine.Workhardandyouwillsucceed.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)2、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞雖然不作謂語(yǔ)，但依然保留著動(dòng)詞的特征，就是動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作一定有“執(zhí)行者”，及物動(dòng)詞表達(dá)的動(dòng)作會(huì)有一個(gè)“承受者”。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和承受者就是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。比如：EG：Wewillhavemanydifficultproblemstodealwith.我們會(huì)有許多棘手問(wèn)題需要處理。（Todealwith的執(zhí)行者（邏輯主語(yǔ)）是句子主語(yǔ)we，承受者（賓語(yǔ)）是problems）EG：Theproblemtobedealtwithishowwecangetthetextbooks.（Tobedealtwith的承受者theproblems變成了邏輯主語(yǔ),由于不定式用的是被動(dòng)形式，因此沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ)）2、如何確定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)①非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子里作“狀語(yǔ)”時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中主語(yǔ)。EG：Notknowingwhattodonext,wewenttotheteacherforhelp.因?yàn)椴恢老乱徊皆趺崔k，我們?nèi)デ笾蠋?。（作原因狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（notknowingwhattodonext）的邏輯主語(yǔ)（執(zhí)行者）是句子主語(yǔ)we）②非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子里作“定語(yǔ)”時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是它所修飾的名詞或代詞。EG：Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.③非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句子里作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)就賓語(yǔ)。EG:Whenweentertheclassroom,wefoundTomseatedonhischair.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)3、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)及其基本性質(zhì)非謂語(yǔ)形式時(shí)態(tài)（主動(dòng)）時(shí)態(tài)（被動(dòng)）表達(dá)的時(shí)間概念不定式todotobedone將來(lái)（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后）tobedoing正在進(jìn)行（與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）tohavedonetohavebeendone過(guò)去（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)名詞doingbeingdone正在進(jìn)行（與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）havingdonehavingbeendone過(guò)去（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）過(guò)去分詞done過(guò)去（即動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）例如：EG1:Hehopetofinishreadingthebooktonight.EG2:Shepretendedtobereadingwhentheteachercamein.EG3:Hepretendedtohaveforgottentheconversationthatnight.他假裝已經(jīng)忘記了那晚的對(duì)話。EG4:Itisimpossibleforhimtobeappointed.他不可能被任命。EG5:Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.他們站在路邊談?wù)撝@個(gè)計(jì)劃。EG6:Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.沒(méi)有收到答復(fù)他決定再寫(xiě)一遍EG7:Thebuildingbeingbuiltisournewteachingbuilding.EG8:Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisoursciencebuilding.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)4、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞其它常考考點(diǎn)只接動(dòng)名詞做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)mind（介意），escape（逃脫），miss（想念，錯(cuò)過(guò)），enjoy（喜歡），practise（練習(xí)），prevent（預(yù)防），dislike(不喜歡)，admit（承認(rèn)），suggest（建議）=advise=recommend，keep（保持），consider（考慮），can’thelp(情不自禁)，can’tstand(不能忍受)，risk（冒險(xiǎn)），resist（抵抗，反對(duì)），giveup(放棄)，avoid（避免），appreciate（欣賞），finish（完成），imagine(想象)記憶口訣：memep喜歡承認(rèn)skrgafi(諧音：妹妹不喜歡承認(rèn)吃顆粒咖啡)只接todo做賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)hope（希望）,want（想）,offer（主動(dòng)提出做...，提供）,long（渴望）,fail（失敗，未能做...）,expect（期待）,wish(希望),ask（要求）,decide（決定）,pretend（假裝）,manage（成功設(shè)法做.....）,agree(同意),afford（負(fù)擔(dān)得起）,determine（決定）,promise（承諾）,happen（碰巧），refuse(拒絕)seem/appear(似乎)Sth.need/want/require（需要）+doing(某物需要被…)=Sth.need/want/require（需要）+tobedoneEG:Theclassroomneedscleaning=Theclassroomneedstobecleaned.同一動(dòng)詞后接to與doing的不同用法todo和doing做賓語(yǔ)意義相反stoptodo停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在做的事意義不同remember/forget/regrettodo記得/忘記/很遺憾要做…（指動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regretdoing記得/忘記/后悔做過(guò)…（指動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）goontodo（接著做另外一件事）goondoing（接著做同一件事）trytodo（設(shè)法，努力去做，盡力）trydoing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）meantodo（打算做，企圖做）meandoing（意思是，意味著）can’thelp（to）do（不能幫忙做）can’thelpdoing（忍不住要做）consider…tobe認(rèn)為是considerdoing考慮做某事非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞搭配含義與賓語(yǔ)的邏輯關(guān)系及時(shí)間概念例句ask,beg,expect,order,tell,allow,invitewant,wish,encourage…+sb.todo要求、乞求、希望、命令、告訴、想要、希望、鼓勵(lì)…某人做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作將發(fā)生TheteacherencouragedhimtotryhisbesttolearnEnglishwell.makelethave+sb.do使/讓某人做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。do前省略to,用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to要用上WhynotmakeTomdothejobforyou?Heoftenmakeshissistercrybuttodayheismadetocrybyher.+sb.doing使/讓某人一直做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Whilewashingyourhands,don’tmakethewaterrunningallthetime.+sb/sth.done使/讓某人/物被…被動(dòng)關(guān)系I’llhavemyhousepaintednextweek.seenoticewatchobservehear…+sb.do看見(jiàn)…某人經(jīng)常做某事/某人做了某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。do前省略to,用在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to要用上Weoftenhearhimsingthesamesong.+sb.doing看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系。Whentheteachercamein,hesawJackplayinggames.+sb./sth.done看見(jiàn)某人/物被…被動(dòng)關(guān)系Thismorning,Isawanoldmanknockeddownbyacar.find+sb.doing發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.+sb./sth.done發(fā)現(xiàn)某人/物被…被動(dòng)關(guān)系Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.Leave/keepsb./sth.doing讓某人/物持續(xù)做某事主動(dòng)關(guān)系I’msorrytokeepyouwaitingforsolong.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)①forsb.todosth.EG:Itisnecessaryfortodosomethingforprotectingtheenvironment.②ofsb.todosth.(如果不定式前面的形容詞說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者的特性時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)常用of引出。此類形容詞常見(jiàn)的有:kind,nice,good,polite,rude,patient,careful,wise,clever,selfish,cruel等)EG:Itwascruelofthemtoeatrarewildanimals.but/excepttodosth.除了做...之外(當(dāng)but/except前出現(xiàn)行為動(dòng)詞do的適當(dāng)形式時(shí)，to通常省略)EG:Mybrothercoulddonothingbutwaitforthedoctortoarrive.其它非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?？嫉木湫廷賝nly

to

do

sth.

(一個(gè)較為特殊的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，只限于表到意想不到的而且令人沮喪或失望的結(jié)果。如：

He

came

back

from

the

USA

hurriedly

only

to

find

his

girlfriend

got

married

to

another

guy.)②It’s

a

waste

of

time

doing

sth.

做....是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間It’s（no）fun

doing

sth.

做....（沒(méi)）有趣It’s

no

good

doing

sth.做....沒(méi)有好處It’sno

use

doing

sth.

做……是沒(méi)有用的be

worth

doing

sth.....是值得(被)做EG:Itisnogoodobjecting.反對(duì)也沒(méi)有用。EG:Itisagreatfunplayingfootball.踢足球很有趣。EG:Itisawasteoftimetryingtoexplain.設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。③spend/wastetime(in)doingsth.花/浪費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難④feellike+名詞/動(dòng)名詞：“想要”=wouldliketo+原形動(dòng)詞EG:Doyoufeellikegoingtoamovie?你想看電影嗎?⑤bebusydoing忙著做…EG:Iambusywritingmythesis.我正忙著寫(xiě)論文。⑥獨(dú)立成分generallyspeaking一般說(shuō)來(lái)；franklyspeaking坦白地說(shuō)；judgingfrom/by...根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷；comparedwith/to....與....相比considering.../oconsideration考慮到……；totellyouthetruth說(shuō)實(shí)話；tobehonest說(shuō)實(shí)話；考點(diǎn)應(yīng)考技巧：要分清句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。要分清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)，同時(shí)要弄清非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的時(shí)間概念。要牢記固定搭配與句型結(jié)構(gòu)。六、考點(diǎn)精練(一)單句語(yǔ)法填空1.【2021·全國(guó)甲卷】Itispossible43(walk)orbiketheentire14kilometers.【(2021·全國(guó)乙卷】Activitiesthererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim70(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus60(astonish).【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventureandoffersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour63(ache)legs.【2021·浙江高考卷】Mary'ssister,FrancesToddWallace,oftencameover43（plant）flowersinthefrontyard.【2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷】ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChange-466(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【2020?全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Theyrepresenttheearth63.(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.

【2020?全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes65.(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.

8.【2020?全國(guó)Ⅱ卷】Theyareeasy68.(care)forandmakegreatpresents.

【2020?全國(guó)Ⅲ卷】Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout67(find)thewell-knownpainter.【2020?全國(guó)Ⅲ卷】Andwhenhesawthemistsrisingfromtheriverandthesoftclouds69(surround)themountaintops,hewasreducedtotears.【2020·新高考Ⅰ卷】Visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimaginethemlivingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43(walk)througharainforest.【2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Modernmethodsoftrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive64(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.【2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】Whenwegotacall69(say)shewasshort-listed,wethoughtitwasajoke.

【2018?卷Ⅱ】Thegovernmentencouragesfarmerstogrowcorninsteadofrice________(improve)waterquality.【2018?卷Ⅱ】China'sapproachtoprotectingitsenvironmentwhile________

(feed)itscitizens"offersusefullessonsforagricultureandfoodpolicymakersworldwide."saysthebank'sJuergenVoegele.【2018?卷Ⅲ】Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoid________(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.【2018?卷Ⅲ】Oncehismessagewasdelivered,heallowedme________

(stay)andwatch.【2018?浙江】Istillremember________(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandI________(shock)whenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.【2018·北京改編】_________(travel)alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingandrewardingexperience.【2018·北京改編)6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoftengathertogether_________(share)ameal,admirethemoonandenjoymooncakes.【2018·北京改編】Ordinarysoap,______(use)correctly,candealwithbacteriaeffectively.【2018·天津改編】Ididn'tmean___________(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn’thelp_______(try)it.【2018·天津改編】IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotographs_________(take).【2018·江蘇改編】Around

13,500

new

jobs

were

created

during

the

period,_______(exceed)the

expected

numberof12,000held

bymarket

analysts.【2017·天津卷改編】Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment,_____(allow)morepatientstobetreated.【2017·天津改編】Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting,asIhadatrain______(catch).【2017·江蘇卷改編】ManyChinesebrands,_______(develop)theirreputationsovercenturies,arefacingnewchallengesfromthemodernmarket.【2017·北京卷改編】Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline______(save)theirvaluabletime.【2017·北京卷改編】Thenationalparkhasalargecollectionofwildlife,_______(range)frombutterfliestoelephants.【2017·北京卷】Jimhasretired,buthestillrememberthehappytime_______(spend)withhisstudents.【2016·北京】________(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus,you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(二)單句改錯(cuò)練習(xí)（每句至多兩處錯(cuò)誤）1.【2021年全國(guó)甲卷】Theiranswersalsoshowthattheydisliketalktoothers.2.【2021年全國(guó)乙卷】Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.3.【2020·全國(guó)卷I】Mymomtoldmehowtopreparingit.4.【2020·全國(guó)卷I】Ilikeeatingfryingtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.5.【2020·全國(guó)卷III】Itellmymomthatifwe’reforcedeatthings,wemaybecomeill.6.【2019·全國(guó)卷III】IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.7.【2019·全國(guó)卷III】Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchaslike"TangDynasty".8.【2018全國(guó)卷?卷Ⅰ】Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.【2018?全國(guó)卷卷Ⅱ】Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons,butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem,myparentswouldnottoletme.【】2018?全國(guó)卷卷Ⅲ】Everyonewassilent,waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.【2017·全國(guó)卷全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”【2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】Whensummercame，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!【2016年全國(guó)卷Ⅱ】MyClassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.【2016年全國(guó)卷Ⅲ】IshowedthemIwasindependentbywearstrangeclothes.【2015年浙江卷】Ienjoyedsitclosetothewindowsandlookingattheview.【2015年四川】It'sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.【2015年全國(guó)Ⅱ】Afterlooksatthetoyforsometime,heturnedaroundandfoundwherehisparentsweremissing.【2015年陜西】“Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.”【2014年全國(guó)卷II】Allofusneedfriendship.Theunderstandingbetweentwofriendsmeanbothofthemhavesimilarideasandtrustingeachother.【2014年四川】Don’tpanicorgetoutofline,andtryingtoremainquietandcalmly.【2014年陜西】Hewa