2021年長(zhǎng)沙中考復(fù)習(xí)-語篇閱讀

語篇閱讀

?題型特點(diǎn)

這一題型著重測(cè)試學(xué)生理解性閱讀的能力，是中考必考題型，試題通常有以下幾種類型：主

旨大意題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和猜測(cè)詞義題。

Q主旨大意題

主旨大意題題干常見的問句形式

1.主旨句設(shè)可類型

Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

Wecanconclude/learnfromthepassage?

Thewriterwritesthepassageinorderto

2.最佳標(biāo)題選擇類型Thebesttitleforthispassageis.

3.作者主旨意圖類型

Whatdoesthewriterwanttotell/showus?

Whichcanexpressthepurposeofthewriteraccordingtothepassage/text?

主旨大意題的解題方法

主旨大意題一定要注意文章的首尾兩段。

1.如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)是一致的那么文章的主旨便是兩段重復(fù)表明的語句內(nèi)容表達(dá)。找

出選項(xiàng)中與歸納的主旨表達(dá)重復(fù)最多的選項(xiàng)即為最佳答案。

2.如果首尾兩段的主旨表達(dá)不一致，則需要觀察文章的段落篇幅量是傾向于首段或是尾段,

從而確定主旨段落。

群()55.Thewriterwritesthepassageinorderto.

()55.Whatcanwelearnfromthearticle?

Q細(xì)節(jié)題

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題題干常見的問句形式

1.TrueorNOTtrue是非判斷類型

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassage?

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthereasonsfor...?

是非判斷一般都遵循對(duì)照選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行“三對(duì)一錯(cuò)或三錯(cuò)一對(duì)”的判斷。若該信息句是長(zhǎng)句或難

句，要學(xué)會(huì)找出其主干部分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，正確理解信息句的意義。一定要注意的是，要

所答是所問。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解WhichoneisnotmentionedinparagraphX?等根據(jù)文章提出的具體問題。

M7.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?

3.特殊疑問詞提問類型

Howmany...?What/who/when/where/how/why...?

的46.WhodothevolunteerfromThreadhelp?

由53.HowmanyactivitiespeoplecandoduringtheQingmingFestivalarementioned（提至【J）in

thepassage?

3.排序題類型（較少出現(xiàn)）Whichoftheordersiscorrect/rightaccordingtothepassage?

曲41.WhichofthefollowingistheRIGHTorderaccordingtothepassage?

①Andrew'sfathersawthekillifish.

②Andrewbecameasuccessfulbusinessman.

?Andrewgottendollarsfromhisfather.

?Andrewhelpedhisuncleinthestore.

5.例證題類型TheauthorgivestheexampleinparagraphXinorderto...

例證題一定要注意以forexample,suchas等關(guān)鍵入手處，找出細(xì)節(jié)出處。排序題要先

仔細(xì)觀察選項(xiàng)，找出首尾相同的選項(xiàng)分組，進(jìn)而通過具體細(xì)節(jié)信息比較進(jìn)行排除和選擇。

6.表唯一或順序細(xì)節(jié)概念題類型：…themost/?est.Jtheonly/thefirst

的57.Thewriterofthefirstkindoftravelbooksgavehisideasafterhe.

唯一細(xì)節(jié)題一定要仔細(xì)審題，弄清題干所需。

案特別需要提醒的是選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)有most最高級(jí)）theonly（唯一）、all（所有）、none（全

否）修飾的細(xì)節(jié)，都具有絕對(duì)性，選擇判斷時(shí)要慎選。

細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題的解題方法

做這類題的一般方法是先要找出題干或是選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵字，一般為數(shù)字、大寫或人名地

名，再通過scanning快速確定該細(xì)節(jié)在文中的出處（信息源），仔細(xì)對(duì)照題干要求，排除或

選擇。命題者在出這類題時(shí)慣用“偷梁換柱、張冠李戴”的手法來迷惑考生，即對(duì)原句細(xì)微處

做改動(dòng)，截取原文詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行改造，因果倒置，把A的觀點(diǎn)說成B的觀點(diǎn)等。所以正

確理解題干和信息句的意義是關(guān)鍵。細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題還要十分注意句子的非主干成分。

。推斷題

此類題的關(guān)鍵是要注意原文出現(xiàn)的語句不是我們做出的推理判斷，而是原文給出的細(xì)節(jié)

信息，所以原文語句不能選。推理判斷題分兩種，即對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的推理和對(duì)主旨的推理。主要以

Wecaninfer/imply/learnfromthispassageIhat...等進(jìn)行提可。解決此類題要注意，是與

原文相同的細(xì)節(jié)不能選，二是文中沒有出現(xiàn)的細(xì)節(jié)不能跳出文章做推斷。解題過程中只要注

意上述兩點(diǎn)，再結(jié)合做細(xì)節(jié)和主旨的方法，即可以做出推理判析題。

Q猜測(cè)詞義題

猜測(cè)詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下，推斷

詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見過的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文

中去尋找線素。通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個(gè)釋義代入文中，檢查是

否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的合義。

1.通過因果關(guān)系猜詞

通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞（如because,as,since,for,so,thus,asaresult,of

course,等等）表示前因后果。

wYoushouldn'thaveblamedhimforthatfbritwasn'thisfault通過for弓|出的句子所表示的

原因（那不是他的錯(cuò)），可猜出blame的詞義是“責(zé)備”。

2.通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞

通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and或or連接的同義詞詞組，如h叩pyandgay,即使我們不

認(rèn)識(shí)gay這個(gè)詞，也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞。

的ManhasknownsomethingabouttheplanetsVenus,Mars,andJupiterwiththehelpof

spaceship句中的Venus（金星）Mars（火星）、Jupiter（木星）均為生詞，但只要知道planets

就可猜出這幾個(gè)詞都屬于“行星"這一義域。

通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but,while,however等；二是看

與not搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，

廝Heissohomely,notatallashandsomeashisbrother.根據(jù)notatall...handsome我們

不難推測(cè)出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。

3.通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞

在閱讀文章時(shí)，我們總會(huì)遇上一些新詞匯，有時(shí)很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對(duì)文

章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時(shí)，如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識(shí)，

這些問題便不難解決了

詼40.Whatmighttheunderlinedword“dishonest“meaninChinese?

51.Theunderlinedword“multi-meaning"probablymeansinthepassage.

4.通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測(cè)詞義

吐Butsometimesnorainfallsforalongtime.Thenthereisadryperiod,ordrought.從

drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時(shí)期，即drought,由此

可見drought意思為"久旱"，"旱災(zāi)"。而adryperiod和drought是同義語。這種同義

或釋義關(guān)系常由is,or,thatisinotherwordsbecalled或破折號(hào)等來表示。

曲58.Theunderlinedphrase“aculturedperson“meansapersonwith.

<??54.Whatdoesthephrasegetridofmeanisthelastparagraph?

真題訓(xùn)練

2020年長(zhǎng)沙中考

C

OnJune9th,1870,CharlesDickensdiedattheageof58.Thenextday,aheadlineinThe

NewYorkTimesread:"DeathoftheGreatNovelist...WillBeRememberedbythePeople../

Theheadlinewasnotoverstating（夸大）thepopularityofDickens.Eventoday,theBritish

novelistislovedbyreadersallovertheworld.Dickenscreatedsomeunforgettablecharacters.

Youmusthaveheardoforevenreadsomeofhisnovels:OliverTwist,AChristmasCarolandA

TaleofTwoCities.ATaleofTwoCitieshassoldmorethan200millioncopies.Since1897,there

havebeenmorethan300filmandTVadaptations（改編版本）ofDickens'works.AChristmas

Carolalonehashadnearly50.

NatalieMcknightisaliteratureprofessor（文學(xué)教投）whostudiesDickensandhisworks.

Sheexplainswhythenovelisthasremainedsopopular.Oneimportantreason,shesays,isthat

Dickenswrotefromhisheart.Hetriedhardtoproduceemotionaleffects（'情感效果）amonghis

readers.Inhisworks,hepaidspecialattentiontothe"littleman"atthebottomofsocietyinthe

UK,whichdeeplymirroredthesocialrealityatthattime.AChristmasCarol,forexample,was

writtentomakeeveryreaderthinkabouthowtheycouldmakeadifferencetotheirsociety.

Peoplealwaysenjoyworksthatmakethemlaugh,cryandthink.Manyother19th-century

novelistswroteentertaining(娛樂的)works.However,fewofthemworkedashardasDickens

totouchthereadersdeeply.

Dickenswroteaboutsituationsandemotionsthatstillinterestpeopletoday.Heusedhis

pentofightsocialinequalitvandgavevoicetothepoor.Hisworksledtomanyimportantsocial

changes.Readersalwaysenjoyseeingpoorpeopleriseandsucceed.

Thisyearmarksthe150thyearofDickens'death.It'sanotherchancetorememberthisgreat

writer.Willyoureadorre-readsomeofhisfamousworks?

1.WhatisParagraph(段落)2mainlyabout?

A.PersonalityofDickens.

B.AppearanceofDickens.

C.PopularityofDickens.

2.Asanovelist,whyhasDickensremainedsopopular?

A.Hewroteforfun.

B.Hewrotefromhisheart.

C.Hemainlywrotefortheupperclass.

3.WhenpeoplereadDickensnovels,theycould.

①meetthe"littleman“atthebottomofsocietyintheUK

②knowaboutthesocialrealityatthattime

(3)notbeinfluencedbytheworksatall

(4)thinkabouthowtomakeadifferencetotheirsociety

A.①②③B.②③④C.①②④

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"inequality"meaninParagraph4?

A.不平等B.不現(xiàn)實(shí)C,不穩(wěn)定

5.Thepurposeofwritingthistextisprobablyto.

A.introduceCharlesDickens'lifeanddeath

B.encouragereaderstoreadorre-readCharlesDickens'works

C.presentthesimilaritiesbetweenCharlesDickensandotherwriters

答案：CBCAB

D

Haveyoueverseenasolarpanel（太陽能電池板）inyourneighborhood?Solarpanelstake

energyfromthesunandturnitintoelectricity.Overthepasttenyears,thepriceofsolarpanels

hasgonedowngreatly.Inmanypartsoftheworld,solarenergyisnowthecheapestformof

electricity.Moreandmorepeoplehavestartedusingsolarenergytopower（給..供電）their

homes.

However,solarpanelsalsohavetheirproblems.Theystopworkingatnightandonrainy

days.Isitpossibletomakethemproduceelectricityallofthetime?

ScientistsatSuzhouUniversity,China,haveinventedanewsolarpanelnow.Itcanproduce

electricitynotonlyfromsolarenergybutalsofromfallingrain.Whenaraindropfallsonthesolar

panelandthenrolls（滾動(dòng)）down,itcreatesfriction（摩擦力）onthesurfaceofthepanel,which

canthenbeturnedintoelectricity.

SunBaoquanisoneoftheinventors.Z/Ournewinventioncanproduceelectricityinany

weatherduringtheday/hesays."Itcanevenprovideelectricityatnightifthereisrain.”

Thesolarpanel,however;doesnotmakemuchelectricityfromfallingrain.SoSunBaoquan

isstillworkinghardtoimproveit.Thescientistalsowantstomakesolarpanelsmoreflexible,

whichareassoftasclothing.

Thefieldofsolarenergyisdevelopingfast.Scientistsaroundtheworldhavebeenimproving

solarpanels.Somehavebeenworkingonwaystojoinsolarpanelsandwindpowertogether.

Somehavebeentryingtousesunlighttoproduceliquidandgasfuels（液體和氣體燃料）.

6.Whichenergyisnowthecheapestformofelectricityinmanypartsoftheworld?

A.Solarenergy.B.Waterenergy.C.Windenergy.

7.Whatisoneoftheproblemsofcommonsolarpanels?

A.Thepriceofthemisrising.

B.Theycan'tworkallofthetime.

C.Theycanhardlypowerpeople'shomes.

8.Whyisthenewsolarpanelmorescientificanduseful?

A.Ithasalargersizethanacommonone.

B.Itproducesmoreelectricityfromfallingrainthansolarenergy.

C.Itcanproduceelectricitydayandnightandeveninrainyconditions.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flexible“meaninParagraph5?

A.柔軟的B.光滑的C.堅(jiān)硬的

10.Wecaninfer（推斷）fromthistextthat.

A.thereisnoroomfordevelopingsolarenergy

B.thereisnoendtotheresearchinthefieldofsolarenergy

C.solarenergyhascompletelytakentheplaceofotherkindsofenergy

答案：ABCAB

2019年長(zhǎng)沙中考

C

Recently,ajuniorhighschoolsentseveralstudentsbackhomebecausetheybrokethe

schooluniform（校月艮）rules.Shouldstudentswearschooluniforms?TheYoungWorldmagazine

heldadiscussiononthistopic（話題）.

Kennedy:Theschooluniformisveryimportant,becauseitalwaysremindsmethatIam

supposedtogooutofmywaytostudyhard.Italsohelpspreventschoolbullying（欺凌）.If

everyonewearsthesameclothes,itisimpossibletolaughatotherpeople'sclothing.

Manson:Theuniformhastobeearned（獲得）throughefforts.Studentsshouldstartschool

withnouniforms.Astheymakeprogressatschool,theystartwearingit.Ialwaysthinkchildren

needtobeproudoftheirschool.Theuniformisimportantforthat.So,makestudentsearnit!If

theydon'tperformwell,theyshouldnotbeallowedtogetone.

Moorhead:Inmyopinion,kidsdon'thavetowearuniforms.Thereshouldbemorechoices

opentokidsineducation.Theyoughttodeveloptheirownindependenceandjustbethemselves.

Theirpersonalitieswouldbeexpressedthroughtheirownclothesatschool.Anddifferentdress

couldbeonewayofshowingtheirunderstandingofbeauty.Besides,theymaketheschoollively

andcolorful.

Patrick:Icanseetheadvantagesofwearingschooluniforms.Theyplayaveryimportantrole

inmanagingschools.However,aschoolshouldnotdependheavilyonuniformstoimprove

students'behaviors.Teachingthemhowtoexpressthemselveswithconfidence（信ismore

important.

1.WhatdoesthewritermeantodoinParagraph1?

A.Presentanopiniononasubject.

B.Introduceatopicfordiscussion.

C.Provideawaytosolveproblems.

2.WhatisKennedyinthesecondparagraph?

A.Astudent.B.Ateacher.C.Aparent.

3.InManson'sopinion,.

A.studentshavetherighttogetschooluniformsforfree

B.studentsshouldbeencouragedtoearnschooluniforms

C.studentsperformingwellneedn'twearschooluniforms

4.AccordingtoPatrick,whatismoreimportant?

A.Managingschoolsbyuniforms.

B.Improvingstudents'behaviors.

C.Helpingstudentsexpressthemselvesconfidently.

5.Wecanlearnfromthetextthat.

A.Kennedycan'tstandschooluniforms

B.Moorheadisagainstschooluniformrules

C.thewriterholdsthesameopinionasPatrick's

答案：BABCB

D

ItisbelievedthatHuckFinnisbasedon（基于）achildhoodfriendofMarkTwain's.Infact,

Twainwasnotaloneinbasingafictionalcharacter（虛構(gòu)的角色）onareal-lifeperson.

SeverusSnape/JohnNettleship

SeverusSnapeisaskillfulwizard（巫師）teachingmagicinHarryPotter.Thewriter,J.K.

Rowling,oncesaidthatthecharacterwasbasedonateacherofhers.

TheteacherturnedouttobeJohnNettleship,whotaughtRowlingchemistry.Atfirst,

Nettleshipfeltsurprised.a\knowIamastrictteacher;"hesaid."ButIdon'tthinkIamasbadas

Snape!”O(jiān)nsecondthoughts,however;hesaidthathewassoill-temperedthatmostofhis

studentsavoidedmakinghimmad.Also,heusedtowearlonghairandhaveanuntidylab.That

soundsfamiliartoHarryPotterfans.

Alice/AliceLiddell

Famously,LewisCarroll'sAliceinAlice'sAdventuresinWonderlandisbasedonAliceLiddell.

CarrollwasclosetotheLiddellfamily.Oneday,ten-year-oldAliceaskedCarrolltotellhera

newstory.CarrollbegantocreatehisfamoustaleofAliceandwhathappenedaftershefell

throughtherabbithole.Thelittlegirllikedthestorysomuchthatsheaskedhimtowriteitdown.

Andtherestishistory.

Dill/TrumanCapote

InToKillaMockingbird,HarperLeebasedDillonherchildhoodfriend,TrumanCapote.

Capoteoncesaid,“Leewasmybestfriend.HaveyoueverreadToKillaMockingbird?I'ma

characterinthatstory!Thestorytakesplacejustinthetownwherewelived!w

6.SnapeandNettleshiphavesomethingincommonEXCEPT.

A.theirjobsB.theirlooksC.theirhobbies

7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword""/-tempered“meaninParagraph3?

A.沉著冷靜的B.優(yōu)柔寡斷的C.脾氣暴躁的

8.WhatmadeCarrolldecidetocreateAlice/sAdventuresinWonderland?

A.AliceLiddell'srequirement.

B.Hisgreatinterestinrabbits.

C.Hisexperienceoftravelling.

9.BeingacharacterofToKillaMockingbird,TrumanCapotefelt.

A.proudB.unsatisfiedC.surprised

10.Thetextismainlyabout.

A.purposesofwritingfictionalstories

B.introductionstofamouswriters'childhoodfriends

C.charactersoffictionalstoriesfromreal-lifepersons

答案：CCAAC

2018年長(zhǎng)沙中考

C

Afterwandering（閑逛）aroundinthecityforalongtimeElTomfinallyfoundhimselfstanding

infrontofthepalace.Helookedthroughitsgoldengate團(tuán)hopingtotakealookatarealprince（王

子）.

Thereweresomeguards（衛(wèi)兵）standingatbothsidesofthegateTom團(tuán)dressedbadly團(tuán)was

movingnervouslypastthemwhenhesuddenlycaughtsightofawell-dressedboywhowas

followedbyseveralservants.Hewasnodoubttheprince團(tuán)

Tomwasexcited.Hewantedtogetclosetotheprinceandhaveagoodlookathim.However團(tuán)

aguardsawhimandstoppedhimrudely（粗魯?shù)兀?

Theyoungprince團(tuán)whosenamewasEdward團(tuán)wasangrywiththeguardforhisrudeness.He

askedtheguardtoopenthegateandtookTomtohisroominthepalace.

Thetwoboysbecamegoodfriends.TheyevenexchangedtheirclothesafterTomtold

Edwardthathehaddreamtaboutdressinglikeaprince團(tuán)Astheystoodsidebysideinfrontofa

greatmirror團(tuán)theyweresurprisedtofindthattheylookedalmostliketwins!

Thetwoboyswereineachother'sclotheswhenEdwardsuddenlynoticedabruise（淤傷）on

Tom'shand.HesoonrealizedthatitwascausedbytheguardwhohadstoppedTomrudely.lna

momenttatheyoungprinceranoutoftheroom.Hedecidedtopunishtheguard.

However團(tuán)theguarddidn'trealizethattheprincewasinTom'soldwornclothes.Hehit

Edwardheavilyontheearandthrewhimoutofthepalace.

1.WhydidTomlookthroughthegateofthepalace回

A.Totalkwiththeguard.

B.Toaskforaplacetolivein.

C.Tohavealookatarealprince.

2.HowdidTomfeelwhilemovingpasttheguards回

A.Nervous.B.Excited.C.Proud.

3.WhenTomwasstopped[?!Edwardgotmadbecauseof.

A.thebadmannersofTom

B.thestrictrulesofthepalace

C.therudebehavioroftheguard

4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassaged

A.EdwardandTomweretwinbrothers.

B.Edwardwaskind團(tuán)caringandfriendly.

C.Edwardwastiredoflivinginthepalace.

5.Wecaninfer（fffi?r）fromthepassagethat.

A.bloodisthickerthanwater

B.twoheadsarebetterthanone

C.neverjudgepeoplebytheirlooks

答案：CACBC

D

Elephantsarethelargestlandanimalsalivetoday.Africanelephantsliveinfamilygroups

calledherds（群）.Alloftheelephantsintheherdtakecareofeachother.Theleaderoftheherdis

anoldmotherelephant.Sheisthematriarch（族長(zhǎng)）.Aherdmayhaveasfewaseightorasmany

aslOOelephants.Theotherelephantsfollowthematriarchbecausesheknowshowtokeepthem

safefromcomingdanger.

ElephantslearnbywatchingandcopyingotherelephantsSandalsolearnfromlife.Baby

elephantsstaywiththeirmothersuntiltheyarefullygrownatabouttenyearsold.Elephantslive

tobe50or60yearsold.日ephantsaresmartanimalswithlongmemories.Inthedryseason團(tuán)a

matriarchcanrememberwherewaterwasfoundinthepast.Theherdwillfollowherthere.She

canalsorememberthesafestplaceforbabyelephantstocrossafast—movingriver.

Elephantstalktoeachotherwithrumblingsounds.Somerumblingsoundsaresolowand

deepthatpeopleareunabletohearthem.Elephantshearsoundsnotonlywiththeirears0but

alsowiththeirfeet團(tuán)andeventrunks（longnosesoftheelephants）.Theyalsogreeteachotherby

touchingwiththeirtrunksandfeet.Ifdangerappears團(tuán)mothersbeattheirearstocalltheirbabies

tothem.

Otheranimalsdon'tusuallyattack（攻擊）elephants.Howeveriilalionmighttrytoattacka

sickelephantorababy.Ifthishappens團(tuán)theadultelephantscirclearoundthebabyelephants.The

adultsmakeloudersoundsandhitthegroundwiththeirtrunks.Thematriarchputsherself

betweenthelionandtheherd.Shebeatsherearsouttomakeherselflookevenlarger.Thenshe

lowersherherdandattackstheenemy（敵人）inabigcloudofdust（灰塵）.

6.AccordingtoParagraph（段落）One團(tuán)anelephantherd.

A.hasafatherelephantastheleader

B.ownsamatriarchwhokeepsitawayfromdanger

C.alwayshasseveralleadersandhundredsofelephants

7.Longmemorieshelpelephantsto.

A.choosetheirmatriarch

B.communicatewitheachother

C.findwaterandcrosstheriver

8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"rumbling"mean0

A.低沉的B.尖細(xì)的C.高亢的

9.Whydotheadultelephantscirclearoundtheirbabies團(tuán)

A.Tokeeptheirbabiessafe.B.Towelcometheirfriends.C.Toattacktheirenemies.

10.Thepassagemainlytellsusabout.

A.whytheelephantsliveinherds

B.whattheelephants'livinghabitsare

C.howtheelephantsavoidbeingattacked

答案：BCAAB

模擬訓(xùn)練

（-）

Inmanymovies,therearesometimescharacterswhohavechips（芯片）implanted（植入）in

theirheads.Thismightcometrueverysoon.

Neuralink,USbusinessmanElonMusk'scompany,hasdevelopedachipthatwasimplanted

intotheheadofapig.OnAug28,Muskdidalivestream（直播）onhowitworksbyshowingthe

signaltransmission（信號(hào)傳輸）.

Thechipisthesizeofacoin.Ithasover3,000electrodes（電極）thatcanmonitor（監(jiān)測(cè)）

about1,000neurons（神經(jīng)元）.Sointhelivestream,whilethepigwasbreathing,peoplecouldsee

itsbrainactivityonalargescreen.Ifthistechnologyisusedonhumans,afterthechippicksup

signalsinthebrain,thesesignalswillbesenttonearbycomputersorAPPsandthenbetranslated

intoactions,suchasmovinganarmorleg.

Ifsnotadreamforpeopletouseasmallchiptochangetheirlifewiththeirminds.Fornow,

thegoalistouseittohelpdisabledpeople.Theycouldcontrolartificiallimbs（假肢）withtheir

mindsandmovearoundmoreeasily.Peoplecouldevenusethetechnologytoplayvideogamesor

drivecars.However,thereisstillalongwaytomakethesethingshappen.Thechipcansend

signalsfromabout500neuronsinthepig'sbrain.

However,thehumanbrainhas80billionneurons.Also,itisnotsafetoimplantthechipyet,

asitcouldharmthebrain.Hackers（黑客）couldalsohackintothechipandcontrolothers'

thoughtsandfeelings.Thereisanotherproblem,too.Whenhumansareconnectedtocomputers,

aretheystillhumans?

1.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?

A.ThechipwasinventedbyaUKcompany.

B.Thereisacoininthenewchip.

C.Apigwasusedinthetest.

2.Therightprocessofsignaltransmissionis.

A.brain?chip?computer

B.brain>action>computer

C.chip?brain>action

3.WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytellusaboutthetechnology?

A.Theabilityithastocontrolbrainactivity.

B.Theinfluencesitwillhaveonpeople'slife

C.Theproblemsitmightbringtohumans.

4.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?

A.There5remoreadvantagesofthetechnologythanrisks.

B.Thechipwillbeimplantedintohumanbrainssoon.

C.Moreresearchesshouldbedoneonthetechnology.

5.Howdoesthewriterfeelaboutthedevelopmentofthechip?

A.Hopeful.B.Doubtful.C.Disappointed.

答案：CABCB

（二）

Youlikemoney,right?Mostpeopledo.Butwhatisitreallyworth?Usually,itwillbuythe

goodsandservicesthatyouexpect.Butsometimesit'sworthlessthanthepaperthatit'sprinted

on.Iknowthatsoundshardtobelieve,butit'shappenedbefore.

DuringWWI（WorldWarI）,theFrenchandtheGermansgotintoafight.Millionsdiedand

billionsofdollarswerespentbecauseofthewar.TheFrenchpaidforlossbytaxing（征稅）their

people.ButtheGermansborrowedmoneytopayforthewar.AstheGermansborrowedmoreand

moremoney,thevalueoftheirmoneydroppedgreatly.

Thingsgotmuchworseafterthewarended.SinceFrancewonthewar,theGermanshadto

payanindemnity（賠款）.FrancewantedbillionsofUSdollarseachyear,notinGermanMarks（馬

克）.TheGermanshadnochoicebuttoprintGermanMarksandthentradeditforUSdollars.

Astheyprintedmoreandmore,themoneywasworthlessandless.Thingssoonwentoutof

control.ByNovemberof1920,oneUSDollarcouldbuy4,210,500,000Marks.Thevalueoftheir

moneydroppedsofastthatGermanworkers,aftertheygotpaid,hadtogotothestorerightaway.

Iftheywaiteduntiltheday'send,theirmoneywouldbeworthless.Apieceofbreadcost

200,000,000,000Marks.Thatmadelifedifficultifyouwerenotgoodatmath.Someevenburned

theoldbillstokeepwarm.

Thisiscalledinflation（通貨膨脹），whichmaycauseseriouseconomic（經(jīng)濟(jì)的）andsocial

problems.Luckily,withgreateffortsofthegovernment,theeconomyofGermanyfinally

recoveredandthingscamebacktonormalyearslater.

Sowhileyouarerunningaftermoney,rememberthatmoneyisjustapromise,andthat

promisescanbebroken.

6.ThepurposeofParagraph1isto.

A.showtheimportanceofmoney

B.leadintotheinflationinGermany

C.introducethehistoryofWWI

7.HowdidtheGermanspayforthewarduringWWI?

A.Theyaskedhighertaxfromtheirpeople.

B.Theyborrowedmoneyfromothercountries.

C.Theyprintedmoreandmoremoney.

8.IfyoulivedinGermanyin1920,youshould.

A.buywhatyouneededassoonasyougotpaid

B.gobacktoschoolandlearnmathwell

C.burnallthemoneysincetheywereofnouse

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"recover"mean?

A,衰敗B.復(fù)蘇C.繁榮

10.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WorldWarI:AFightforWealth

B.Money:AWorthlessThingforLife

C.Inflation:APainfulLessontoGermany

答案：BBABC

（三）

People,especiallychildren,likecomicstrips（連環(huán)畫）innewspapersandmagazines.Whois

yourfavoritesuperhero?Spider-man?WonderWoman?Theseheroeshavebeenaroundforalong

time.Butcomicscameoutevenearlier.Inancienttimes,peoplemadefunnydrawingsofanimals

onpaper.

Modemcomicstripscameoutduringthe1800sandtheirstylehasremainedmuchthesame.

Thesecomicsaredrawninconnectedboxes.Theboxesusuallyshowaninterestingstory.Some

comicstripsareprintedinnewspapers.Theyoftencontinuefromdaytoday.Somepeopleeven

readthecomicsbeforetheyreadthefrontpage.

Comicbooksfirstappearedduringthe1930s.Itseemedthateveryonewantedtoreadthem.

Peoplelovedreadingabouttheadventures（冒險(xiǎn)）oftheManofSteelandBatman.Duringthe

1940s,theworldwasatwarandsomecomicbookcharacters,suchasCaptainAmerica,reflected

thetimes.Others,suchasBugsBunnyandDaffyDuck,madepeoplelaughduringthisterrible

timeinhistory.

Afterthewar,peoplebecamelessinterestedinoldcomicbookcharacters,sonew

superheroeshadtobemade.Thenewsuperheroes,suchasFantasticFour,X-MenandSpider-man,

talkedandactedmorelikerealpeople.Astimewenton,comicbookshadtocompetewithTV

becauseTVwasofferingpeoplealotofinterestingthingstowatchinstead.

Comicstripsareusuallygoodforalaugh.Theytakepeopleawayfromtheirdailylivesand

intoanotherworld.Inthisworld,theheroalwayswins,andfailureonlycometothebadguys.

11.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecanknowthat.

A.comicshasalongerhistorythanthesuperheroWonderWoman

B.duringthe1800s,thestyleofmoderncomichaschangedalot

C.peopleweremoreinterestedinthenewsthanthecomicsinnewspapersduringthe1800s

12.Theunderlinedword"they"inparagraphtworefersto.

A.boxesB.comicstripsC.newspapers

13.Duringthe1940s,peoplereadcomicbooksto.

A.enjoytheadventuresofBatman

B.keeppositiveduringthewar

C.makefunofpeople

14.Accordingtoparagraph4,wecaninferthat.

A.comicbooksarenotpopularanymore

B.thenewsuperheroescouldtalkandinteractwithhumans

C.comicbooksarefacingbigchallengesinmodernsociety

15.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Thedevelopmentofcomicstrips.

B.Thereasonwhypeoplelovecomicstrips.

C.Theintroductiontosuperheroesincomicstrips.

答案：ABBCA

（四）

OnJuly23rd,ChinasuccessfullysentitsfirstMarsprobe（探測(cè)器）byLongMarch