河南師范大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2012年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解4

2013年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解15

2014年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解26

2015年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解37

2017年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解48

2018年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解60

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2012年河南師范大學(xué)211翻譯碩士英語(yǔ)考研真題及詳解

Ⅰ.VocabularyandGrammar(30points)

Directions:Thereare30incompletesentencesthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

ChoosetheONEanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.

1.Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary_____toomuchworklastweek.

A.taketo

B.takeout

C.takeaway

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】句意：董事長(zhǎng)被指責(zé)上周讓他的秘書(shū)承擔(dān)了太多工作。takeon承擔(dān)。taketo喜歡；開(kāi)始從事。takeout

取出；去掉。takeaway帶走，拿走。

2.Beingignorantofthelawisnotacceptedasa(n)_____forbreakingthelaw.

A.excuse

B.intention

C.option

D.approval

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不懂法律不能作為違犯法律的借口。excuse借口。approval批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可。

3.Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital_____ofmilk.

A.storage

B.reserve

C.resource

D.source

【答案】D

【解析】句意：據(jù)說(shuō)在世界上某些地方，奶的重要來(lái)源是山羊而不是奶牛。source來(lái)源。

4.Toour_____,Geoffrey?sillnessprovednottobeasseriousaswehadfeared.

A.anxiety

B.relief

C.view

D.judgment

【答案】B

【解析】句意：讓人欣慰的是，杰弗里的病沒(méi)有我們害怕的那么嚴(yán)重。toone?srelief使人安心的是。

5.Manypeoplelikewhitecolorasitisa_____ofpurity.

A.symbol

B.sign

C.signal

D.symptom

【答案】A

【解析】句意：許多人喜歡白色，因?yàn)榘咨羌儩嵉南笳?。sign指人們公認(rèn)事物的記號(hào)、標(biāo)志，也可指某種情況

的跡象。symbol指有象征意義的或表達(dá)某種深邃含義的特殊事物。signal指為某一目的而有意發(fā)出的信號(hào)、暗號(hào)。

6.Thelureofsomethingfornothingasanidealingamblinghas_____criticismfromtheupright,honestpeopleofthe

society.

A.evoked

B.stirred

C.spread

D.enhanced

【答案】A

【解析】句意：賭博的理想是不勞而獲，這種誘惑引發(fā)了社會(huì)上正直、誠(chéng)實(shí)的人們的批評(píng)。evoke引起，喚起。

7.ThestudentsintheAdvancedTeachers?TrainingClassareaskedtovisitthenearbymiddleschoolsforthe_____of

lessons.

A.inspection

B.investigation

C.observance

D.observation

【答案】D

【解析】句意：高級(jí)教師培訓(xùn)班的學(xué)員被要求到附近的中學(xué)觀摩教學(xué)。inspection視察，檢查（有上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)的

意味）。observance慣例；遵守。

8.Hisirresponsiblebehaviorputthelivesofalltheworkersin_____.

A.risk

B.alarm

C.hazard

D.jeopardy

【答案】D

【解析】句意：他不負(fù)責(zé)任的行為將所有的工人置于危險(xiǎn)之中。injeopardy處于危險(xiǎn)狀態(tài)。risk與at搭配。

9.FortunatelywhenIcollidedwiththatbigcar,thedamagetobothcarswasonly_____.

A.small

B.minimal

C.little

D.few

【答案】B

【解析】句意：幸運(yùn)的是，當(dāng)我和那輛大車(chē)相撞時(shí)，兩輛車(chē)都只有輕微損壞。minimal指“極小的，極少的”，尤

其是最小的程度或數(shù)量。

10.Oneoftheproblemsourgovernmenthastodealwithisthe_____ofthegrowingnumberofplasticcontainers.

A.dissolution

B.disposition

C.disappearance

D.disposal

【答案】D

【解析】句意：我們政府需要解決的一個(gè)問(wèn)題是如何處理日益增多的塑料容器。disposal丟棄，處理。dissolution

溶解；（議會(huì)等的）解散。disposition處置；性情。

11.You_____thatlettertoJames.However,youdidn?t.

A.oughttowrite

B.oughttohavewritten

C.shouldwrite

D.shouldbewriting

【答案】B

【解析】句意：你原本應(yīng)該寫(xiě)信給詹姆斯，然而你并沒(méi)有寫(xiě)。oughttohavewritten是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示本應(yīng)該做某

事而沒(méi)做。

12.Underthis_____pressuresomeoftherocksevenbecameliquid.

A.intensive

B.weighty

C.intense

D.bulky

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在這種強(qiáng)壓下，一些巖石甚至變成了液體。intense強(qiáng)烈的。intensive加強(qiáng)的；集中的。weighty

重的。bulky龐大的；笨重的。

13.Itwasrequestedthatalloftheequipment_____intheagreedtime.

A.erected

B.wouldbeerected

C.beerected

D.willbeerected

【答案】C

【解析】句意：所有設(shè)備都被要求在約定時(shí)間建好。在表示建議、要求等的詞后，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“should+

動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。

14.Wearewritingtothemanager_____therepairsrecentlycarriedoutattheaboveaddress.

A.withreferenceto

B.withthepurposeof

C.withaviewto

D.withtheexception

【答案】A

【解析】句意：我們正在給經(jīng)理寫(xiě)信，內(nèi)容關(guān)于最近在上述地方進(jìn)行的修補(bǔ)。withreferenceto關(guān)于，有關(guān)。with

thepurposeof目的是。withaviewto為了，目的是。withtheexceptionof除??以外。

15.AspecialfeatureofeducationatMITistheopportunityforstudentsandfacultyto_____togetherinresearch

activities.

A.involve

B.participate

C.specialize

D.consist

【答案】B

【解析】句意：麻省理工學(xué)院教育的一個(gè)突出特點(diǎn)是，為學(xué)生和全體教員提供了一起參加研究活動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)。

participatein參加。

16.Somepeoplearguethatthedeath_____doesnotnecessarilyreducethenumberofmurders.

A.penalty

B.plot

C.pattern

D.practice

【答案】A

【解析】句意：有人認(rèn)為，死刑未必會(huì)減少謀殺的數(shù)量。deathpenalty死刑。

17.Televisionwasnotinventedbyanyoneperson._____intobeingovernight.

A.Norhasitsprung

B.Nordoesitspring

C.Nordiditspring

D.Norcanitspring

【答案】C

【解析】句意：電視并不是被某一個(gè)人所發(fā)明，也不是一夜之間就出現(xiàn)的。否定詞放于句首應(yīng)該用部分倒裝。

18.Astudyshowsthatstudentslivinginnon-smokingdormsarelesslikelyto_____thehabitofsmoking.

A.turnup

B.pickup

C.makeup

D.drawup

【答案】B

【解析】句意：研究表明，生活在無(wú)煙宿舍的學(xué)生不太可能養(yǎng)成吸煙的習(xí)慣。pickup撿起；不費(fèi)力地學(xué)會(huì)。turn

up出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生。makeup組成；補(bǔ)足。drawup起草。

19.Manypersonnelmanagerssayitisgettingharderandharderto_____honestapplicantsfromthegrowingnumberof

dishonestones.

A.dissolve

B.disguise

C.discount

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】句意：許多人事經(jīng)理說(shuō)，越來(lái)越難將誠(chéng)實(shí)的申請(qǐng)者與逐漸增多的不誠(chéng)實(shí)申請(qǐng)者區(qū)分開(kāi)。distinguish...from...

把??跟??區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。dissolve使溶解；使分解。disguise掩飾；假裝。discount打折扣；低估。

20.TheEuropeanUnioncountrieswereonceworriedthattheywouldnothave_____suppliesofpetroleum.

A.proficient

B.efficient

C.potential

D.sufficient

【答案】D

【解析】句意：歐盟成員國(guó)一度擔(dān)心他們沒(méi)有足夠的石油供應(yīng)。sufficient足夠的；充分的。proficient熟練的，

精通的。efficient有效率的；有能力的。

21.Somepeoplebelievethatsinceoilisscarce,the_____ofthemotorindustryisuncertain.

A.terminal

B.benefit

C.fate

D.estimate

【答案】C

【解析】句意：有些人認(rèn)為，由于石油十分短缺，汽車(chē)制造業(yè)的前景無(wú)法確定。terminal末端；終點(diǎn)。

22.Duringtheprocess,greatcarehastobetakentoprotectthe_____silkfromdamage.

A.sensitive

B.tender

C.delicate

D.sensible

【答案】C

【解析】句意：在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，人們十分注意保護(hù)精美的絲綢不受損害。delicate微妙的；精美的。sensitive敏

感的。tender溫柔的；柔軟的。sensible明智的；通情達(dá)理的。

23.Wearequitesurethatwecan_____ourpresentdifficultiesandfinishthetaskaccordingtoschedule.

A.getacross

B.getover

C.getaway

D.getoff

【答案】B

【解析】句意：我們十分確定我們可以克服當(dāng)前困難，按期完成任務(wù)。getover克服；恢復(fù)。getacross通過(guò)；使??

被理解。getaway離開(kāi)；逃脫。getoff動(dòng)身；免于受罰。

24.Theoldpapermillhasbeen_____tomakewayforanewshoppingcentre.

A.cutdown

B.keptdown

C.torndown

D.helddown

【答案】C

【解析】句意：為了給新購(gòu)物中心騰出地方，這座舊造紙廠已經(jīng)被拆除。teardown拆除；拆毀。cutdown削減；

砍倒。keepdown控制；鎮(zhèn)壓。holddown抑制；壓制。

25.Inmyopinion,he?s_____themostimaginativeofallthecontemporarypoets.

A.inall

B.atbest

C.forall

D.byfar

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在我看來(lái)，他是當(dāng)代最有想象力的詩(shī)人。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有byfar可以放在最高級(jí)前作程度副詞。

forall盡管；雖然。

26.Whatalovelyparty!It?sworth_____allmylife.

A.remembering

B.toremember

C.toberemembered

D.beingremembered

【答案】A

【解析】句意：真是一次令人愉快的聚會(huì)！我一輩子都會(huì)記住它。worth后面可以接動(dòng)名詞，須用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表

示被動(dòng)含義。

27.Afterworkingallday,hewassotiredthathewasinno_____togotothepartywithus.

A.mood

B.emotion

C.sense

D.taste

【答案】A

【解析】句意：工作一整天后，他十分疲憊，沒(méi)心情跟我們一起去聚會(huì)。innomood沒(méi)有心情。

28.It?sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually_____fromtheBible.

A.acquire

B.derive

C.result

D.obtain

【答案】B

【解析】句意：很多流行的英語(yǔ)表達(dá)實(shí)際上出于圣經(jīng)，知道這一事實(shí)很有趣。derivefrom源出，來(lái)自。

29.Accordingtothekeywitness,apeculiarlybignoseisthecriminal?smostmemorablefacial_____.

A.feature

B.signature

C.hint

D.spot

【答案】A

【解析】句意：主要目擊者稱(chēng)，鼻子很大是罪犯最令人難忘的面部特征。signature署名；簽名。facialfeature面

部特征。

30.Researchshowsthatthereisno_____relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgood

aboutlife.

A.successive

B.sincere

C.significant

D.subsequent

【答案】C

【解析】句意：研究表明，一個(gè)人賺多少錢(qián)與其是否對(duì)生活滿意之間沒(méi)有明顯的關(guān)系。subsequent后來(lái)的，隨后

的。successive連續(xù)的；繼承的。

Ⅱ.ReadingComprehension(40points)

Section1(20points)

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.For

eachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

PassageA

TheBritishpsychoanalystJohnBowlbymaintainsthatseparationfromtheparentsduringthesensitive

“attachment”periodfrombirthtothreemayscarachild?spersonalityandpredisposetoemotionalproblemsinlaterlife.

SomepeoplehavedrawntheconclusionfromBowlby?sworkthatchildrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforethe

ageofthreebecauseoftheparentalseparationitentails,andmanypeopledobelievethis.Buttherearealsoarguments

againstsuchastrongconclusion.

Firstly,anthropologistspointoutthattheinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodern

societiesdoesnotusuallyexistintraditionalsocieties.Forexample,wesawearlierthatamongtheNgonithefatherand

motherofachilddidnotreartheirinfantalone—farfromit.Secondly,commonsensetellsusthatdaycarewouldnotso

widespreadtodayifparents,caretakersfoundchildrenhadproblemswithit.Statisticalstudiesofthiskindhavenotyet

beencarriedout,andeveniftheywere,theresultswouldbecertaintobecomplicatedandcontroversial.Thirdly,inthe

lastdecade,therehavebeenanumberofcarefulAmericanstudiesofchildrenindaycare,andtheyhaveuniformly

reportedthatdaycarehadaneutralorslightlypositiveeffectonchildren?sdevelopment.Butteststhathavehadtobe

usedtomeasurethisdevelopmentarenotwidelyenoughacceptedtosettletheissue.

ButBowlby?sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects.Thepossibilitythatsuchcare

mightleadto,say,morementalillnessorcrime15or20yearslatercanonlybeexploredbytheuseofstatistics.

Whateverthelong-termeffects,parentssometimesfindtheimmediateeffectsdifficulttodealwith.Childrenunderthree

arelikelytoprotestatleavingtheirparentsandshowunhappiness.Attheageofthreeorthreeandahalfalmostall

childrenfindthetransitiontonurseryeasy,andthisisundoubtedly,whymoreandmorepatentsmakeuseofchildcareat

thistime.Thematter,then,isfarfromclear-cut,thoughexperienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareis

reasonableforinfants.

1.Thispassagemainlycenterson_____.

A.infantsundertheageofthreeshouldnotbesenttonurseryschools

B.whetherchildrenundertheageofthreeshouldgotonurseryschools

C.thereisnotnegativelong-termeffectoninfantswhoaresenttoschoolbeforetheyarethree

D.thereissomenegativeeffectonchildrenwhoaresenttoschoolaftertheageofthree

2.Thephrase“predisposeto”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans_____.

A.relieve

B.influencefavorably

C.disposeof

D.tendtosuffer

3.AccordingtoBowlby?sbelief,itisquitepossiblethat_____.

A.men?spersonalitieswillbechangedtosomeextentthroughseparationfromtheirparents

B.earlydaycarecandelaytheoccurrenceofmentalillnessinchildren

C.childrenwillbeexposedtopotentialnegativeeffectsfromearlydaycarelateron

D.somelong-termeffectscanhardlybepredicted

4.ThosewhoareagainsttheconclusiondrawnfromBowlbythinkthat_____.

A.traditionalsocietiesseparatethechildfromtheparentatanearlyage

B.daycaredoesnotnecessarilyhaveanegativeeffectonchildren

C.achilddidnotlivetogetherwithparentsamongNgoni

D.childrendoemotionalproblemswhenseparatedfromparents

5.Thewriterconcludesthat_____.

A.itisdifficulttomakeclearwhatistherightagefornurseryschool

B.itisnotsettlednowwhetherearlycareisreasonableforchildren

C.itisnotbeneficialforchildrentobesenttonurseryschool

D.itisreasonabletosubjectachildabovethreetonurseryschool

【答案與解析】

1.B第一段提出，有的人認(rèn)為“...childrenshouldnotbesubjectedtodaycarebeforetheageofthree”，后面說(shuō)到也

有一些反對(duì)這一結(jié)論的觀點(diǎn)，后文針對(duì)這一話題進(jìn)行了討論。

2.D根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)“emotionalproblems”即可知句意，這些孩子們?cè)诮窈蟮纳钪腥菀子龅角楦袉?wèn)題。

3.C由最后一段“ButBowlby?sanalysisraisesthepossibilitythatearlydaycarehasdelayedeffects”可知，“earlyday

care”的影響會(huì)延遲。

4.A由第二段“...theinsulatedloveaffairbetweenchildrenandparentsfoundinmodernsocietiesdoesnotusuallyexist

intraditionalsocieties”可知，反對(duì)第一段結(jié)論的人認(rèn)為，在傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)中，孩子與父母很早就分開(kāi)。

5.D最后一段作者的結(jié)論為“...experienceandavailableevidenceindicatethatearlycareisreasonableforinfants.”，

也就是把三歲以上的孩子送到托兒所是合理的。

PassageB

Gettingreadytogobacktoschoolinthegoodolddaysof,say,1998meantafewtripstothemallandaquick

checkofthebusroute.Thisyear,formanypatents,therearesomenewthingstoremember:Theteacher?se-mailaddress,

theschool?swebsiteandwhichnightonlinehomeworkhelpschatwillbeoffered.“The1999-2000schoolyearwillbe

theonewhenthemajorityofparentsreallyfeeltheInternet?sinfluenceontheirchildren?seducationeverydaylevel,”

saysJonathanCarson,chairmanoftheFamilyEducationCo.,whichoffersaparentingwebsiteatwww.family

andaframeworkforlocalschoolstocreateandmaintaintheirownsites.

Thisyearpromisestoshowaquantumleapinthespreadofschooltechnology:Parentsinmanydistrictscanexpect

tobeabletochecktheschoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandviewnightlyhomework

assignments—allonline.“Theschoolsarewired.”saysCarson.“Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandthe

educatorsarereadytogo.”

Overthesummer,parentsofhighschoolGermanstudentsinIthaca,N.Y.gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,through

theirhomecomputers.TheclassbroughtadigitalcameraandlaptopwiththemtoGermanyanddocumentedtheirvisit

ontheirwebpage.HazyAsh,fatherof16-year-oldtravelerBrian,founditreassuringtoseehisson?ssmilingfacefrom

halfaworldaway.Beforetheirkidsleft,parentshadchokedthesiteforschedulinginformation,alistofactivitiesand

adviceonculturaldifferences.

Whenit?sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetweentheparentsand

theschool,saysCynthiaLapier,Ithaca?sdirectorofinformationandinstructionaltechnology.“Themoreyoucaninvolve

parentsinschool,thebetter,”Lapiersays.“Thetechnologygivesusanotherwaytoreachthem,especiallyparentsof

secondaryschoolstudents,whotendtobelessinvolved.”

Ithacahighschoolphysicsteacher,SteverWirt,getse-mailfromparentsregularly,somefromtheparentshe

believesmightotherwisenotpickupthephonewithaconcern.Usingreviewingforaquizordiscussinghomework

problems.

Thewaythingsaregoing,bytheendofthisyear,manyparentsmaybefullyconverted-andinfactdependentupon

theirschools?technologicalcapabilities.AtarecentlywiredschoolinNovi,Michigan,theschoolwebmasterwasjusta

fewhourslatepostingthelunch-menucalendaronthewebsite.Inthattime,morethanadozenparentscalledhimby

telephonetorequesttheinformation.“Ayearago,itneverwouldhavebeenthere,“saysCarson.Andnowpatentsare

findingit?stoughtogetbywithoutit.

6.Manyparentsnowremembertheteacher?se-mailaddressandtheschool?swebsitebecause_____.

A.bydoingsotheyneedn?tgotothestoretobuystationeryfortheirchildren

B.theycanreachtheirchildren?sschoolandtheteacherswithouttravelingthere

C.thee-mailandthewebsitecanhelpthemfindoutwhattheirchildrendo

D.theycanobservehowtheInternetaffecttheirchildren?seducationeveryday

7.“Theschoolsarewired.Amajorityofparentsnowhaveaccessandtheeducatorsarereadytogo.”(Para.2)meansthat

_____.

A.theschoolsandpaintsareconnectedbytheIntentsothatteacherswillleaveschool

B.parentscanfindoutwhathappenstotheirchildreninschoolbyvisitingInternet

C.parentsandeducatorsmaydiscoverthatschoolsarestrangebyusingcomputers

D.theschoolsareonlineandparentsnowcanteachtheirchildrenandtheteachersaretogo

8.TheexampleofIthacahighschoolisusedtoshow_____.

A.howimportanttheschoolwebsiteisforparentstobeinvolvedineducation

B.thattheschoolonlinecanreassuretheparentsaboutwhattheirchildrendo

C.howtheparentsofthestudentsgottobepartofaclasstriptoEurope

D.itismorelikelyforparentstosendteacherse-mailsthantophonethem

9.Accordingtothelastparagraph,theattitudeofparentstowardsthelunch-menucalendaronthewebsiteis_____.

A.reliant

B.optimistic

C.biased

D.opposite

10.Accordingtothispassage,whichofthefollowingwillbechangedmost?

A.Therelationshipbetweenteachersandschools.

B.Theconnectionbetweenstudentsandschools.

C.Therelationshipbetweenparentsandschools.

D.Theassociationbetweenwebsitesandschools.

【答案與解析】

6.C根據(jù)第二段第二句“Parents...checktheschoollunchmenu,readclassnotes,seeactivitycalendarandview

nightlyhomeworkassignments-allonline.”可知，網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以幫助家長(zhǎng)了解學(xué)生在學(xué)校各方面的情況，掌握相

關(guān)的信息。

7.B這句話表明網(wǎng)絡(luò)為學(xué)校、教師和家長(zhǎng)提供了利用現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的便利條件。

8.A第三段中“...parentsofhighschool...gottobepartofaclasstoEurope,throughtheirhomecomputers”說(shuō)明了網(wǎng)

絡(luò)技術(shù)在教育中起到越來(lái)越重要的作用，信息技術(shù)可以促使一切因素參與學(xué)校教育。

9.A由最后一段“Andnowpatentsarefindingit?stoughtogetbywithoutit.”可知，家長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)離不開(kāi)學(xué)校提供的網(wǎng)

絡(luò)服務(wù)了。

10.C根據(jù)第四段“Whenit?sdesignedwell,adistrict,schoolorclassroomwebsitecanchangetherelationshipbetween

theparentandtheschool”可知，如果一個(gè)地區(qū)、學(xué)?；蚪淌业木W(wǎng)站設(shè)計(jì)得好，便會(huì)改善家長(zhǎng)與學(xué)校之間的

關(guān)系。

Section2Answeringquestions(20?)

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagesandthenanswerINCOMPLETESENTENCESthequestionswhichfollow

eachpassage.Useonlyinformationfromthepassageyouhavejustreadandwriteyouranswerinthecorresponding

spaceinyouranswersheet.

Questions1-3:

GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsandhumans.Carver?sfirst

stepwastoanalyzeplantpartstofindoutwhattheyweremadeof.Hethencombinedthesesimplerisolatedsubstances

withothersubstancestocreatenewproducts.

Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfromfarmproductstomakeindustrial

productsiscalledchemurgy.Carverwasoneofthefirstandgreatestchemurgistsofalltime.Todaythescienceof

chemurgyisbetterknownasthescienceofsynthetics.Eachdaypeopledependonandusesyntheticmaterialsmade

fromrawmaterials.AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowingneedto

developsubstitutesforthenaturalsubstancesbeingusedupbyhumans.

Carvernevercaredaboutgettingcreditforthenewproductshecreated,lienevertriedtopatenthisdiscoveriesor

getwealthyformthem.HeturneddownmanyofferstoleaveTuskegeeInstitutetobecomearichscientistinprivate

industry.ThomasEdison,inventoroftheelectriclight,offeredhimalaboratoryinDetroittocarryoutfoodresearch

whentheUnitedStatesgovernmentmadehimacollaboratorintheMycologyandPlantDiseaseSurveyofthe

DepartmentofAgriculture.Heacceptedthepositionwiththeunderstandingthathewouldn?thavetoleaveTuskegee,An

authorityonplantdisease—especiallyofthefungusvariety-CarversenthundredsofspecimenstotheUnitedStates

DepartmentofAgriculture.Atthepeakofhiscareer,Carver?sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent.

1.Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,giveadefinitionofchemurgy.

3.WhatisthemainconcernofCarverallhislife?

【答案與解析】

1.TheworkandcareerofGeorgeWashingtonCarver,agreatchemurgist.

（從文章的第一句“GeorgeWashingtonCarvershowedthatplantlifewasmorethanjustfoodforanimalsand

humans”和最后一句“Atthepeakofhiscareer,Carver?sfameandinfluencewereknownoneverycontinent”以及

全文的內(nèi)容可看出，全文是在介紹Carver在植物方面的研究對(duì)世界所產(chǎn)生的影響。）

2.Chemurgyisthedevelopmentofindustrialproductsfromfarmproducts.

（第二段第一句對(duì)chemurgy的定義為“Thebranchofchemistrythatstudiesandfindswaystouserawmaterialsfrom

farmproductstomakeindustrialproductsiscalledchemurgy.”）

3.Themainconcernofhimisthedisposalofwastematerials.

（由第二段最后一句“AllhislifeCarverbattledagainstthedisposalofwastematerials,andwarnedofthegrowing

needto…”可知，卡弗一生中最擔(dān)心的是垃圾的處理。）

Questions4-5:

Inoneverylongsentence,theintroductiontotheU.N.Charterexpressestheidealsandthecommonaimsofallthe

peopleswhosegovernmentsjoinedtogethertoformtheU.N.

“WethepeoplesoftheU.N.determinedtosavesucceedinggenerationsfromthescourgeofwar,whichtwiceinour

lifetimehasbroughtuntoldsufferingtomankind,andtoreaffirmfaithinfundamentalrights,inthedignityandworthof

thehumanperson,intheequalrightsofmenandwomenandofnationslargeandsmall,andtoestablishconditions

underwhichjusticeandrespectfortheobligationsarisingfromtreatiesandothersourcesofinternationallawcanhe

mentioned,andtopromotesocialprogressandbetterstandardsoflifeinlargerfreedom,andforthoseends,topractise

toleranceandlivetogetherinpeacewithoneanotherasgoodneighbors,andtouniteourstrengthtomaintain

internationalpeaceandsecurity,andtoensure,bytheacceptanceofprinciplesandtheinstitutionofmethods,thatarmed

forceshallnotbeused,saveinthecommoninterest,andtoemployinternationalmachineryforthepromotionof

economicandsocialadvancementofallpeople,haveresolvedtocombineoureffortstoaccomplishtheseaims”.

Thename“UnitedNations”isaccreditedtoU.SPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt,andthefirstgroupof

representativesofmemberstatesmetandsignedadeclarationofcommonintentonNewYear?sDayin1942,

Representativesoffivepowersworkedtogethertodrawupproposals,completedatDumbartonOaksin1944.These

proposalsmodifiedafterdeliberationattheconferenceofInternationalOrganizationinSanFranciscowhichbeganin

April1945,werefinallyagreedonandsignedastheU.N.Charterby50countrieson26June1945.Poland,not

representedattheconference,signedtheCharterlaterandwasaddedtothelistoforiginalmembers.Itwasnotuntilthat

autumn,however,aftertheCharterhadbeenratifiedbyChina,France,theU.S.S.R.,theU.K.andtheU.S.andbya

majorityoftheotherparticipantsthatU.N.officiallycameintoexistence.Thedatewas24October,nowuniversally

celebratedasUnitedNation?sDay.TheessentialfunctionsoftheU.Naretomaintaininternationalpeaceandsecurity,to

developfriendlyrelationsamongnations,tocooperateinternationallyinsolvinginternationaleconomic,social,cultural

andhumanproblems,promotingrespectforhumanrightsandfundamentalfreedomsandtobeacentrefor

co-coordinatingtheactionsofnationsinattainingthesecommonends.

NocountrytakesprecedenceoveranotherintheU.N.Eachmember?srightsandobligationsarethesame.Allmust

contributetopeacefulsettlementofinternationaldisputes,andmembershavepledgedtorefrainfromthethreatoruseof

forceagainstotherstates.ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate?sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethat

non-memberstatesactaccordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.U.N.membermustofferassistance

inanapprovedU.N.actionandinnowayassiststatesagainstwhichtheU.N.istakingpreventiveorenforcementaction.

4.SummarizetheaimoftheU.N.

5.HowdoesU.N.dealwithacountry?sdomesticpolicies?

【答案與解析】

4.TheaimoftheUNistoensurethefundamentalrightsofpeopleandpromotesocialprogress.

（第二段引用聯(lián)合國(guó)憲章的句子表明了聯(lián)合國(guó)的目標(biāo)，包括保障人們的基本權(quán)利、團(tuán)結(jié)各個(gè)國(guó)家、促進(jìn)社會(huì)發(fā)

展等。）

5.UNdoesnotinterveneinacountry?sdomesticaffairsandittriestoensureacountryactaccordingtoitsprinciples.

（由最后一段“ThoughtheU.N.hasnorighttointerveneinanystate?sinternalaffairs,ittriestoensurethat

non-memberstatesactaccordingtoitsprinciplesofinternationalpeaceandsecurity.”可知，聯(lián)合國(guó)物權(quán)干涉一個(gè)

國(guó)家的內(nèi)政，只能盡力確保非成員國(guó)按照其國(guó)際和平與安全的原則行事。）

Ⅲ.Writing(30?)

Throughoutourlife,wearemoreoftenthannotfacedwithvariouscrises.Confrontingcrises,differentpeople

responddifferently.Whatisyourattitudetowardcrises?

Writeacompositionabout400wordsonyourviewofthetopic.

【參考范文】

Crisisinourlifeislikeanillnessinourbody.Seriousillnessescandestroyourhealthandsometimesevenputan

endtoourlives,sodoesfiercecrisisknockusdownthatwemighthavenochanceofcheeringup.However,most

frequently,crisesarenotofthiskind.Thesecrisesarelikeailmentswhichoccasionallydisturbourimmunesystem.They

arecommonlyminorandmakeusmuchstrongertodefeatadversitiesthat