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2023-2024全球宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)展望許亞婷中國首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家標(biāo)普全球市場財(cái)智目錄?

全球經(jīng)濟(jì)展望:

美國與歐盟能否避免衰退??

2023-2024年中國經(jīng)濟(jì)增速前瞻和面臨的主要風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?

亞太新興市場縱覽:強(qiáng)勢增長和潛在危機(jī)市場Permis

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Intelligence3預(yù)計(jì)2023年全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩,亞太地區(qū)走強(qiáng)實(shí)際GDP

(%

變動(dòng))20223.12.13.43.64.13.01.06.73.75.38.78.03.220232.31.21.40.90.25.51.05.21.44.73.46.34.320242.60.91.61.10.65.31.26.12.34.84.46.84.520252.91.61.91.71.25.01.06.03.05.04.56.64.3全球美國加拿大歐元區(qū)英國中國大陸日本印度*澳大利亞印度尼西亞馬來西亞越南亞太區(qū)Data

compiled

May.

15,

2023.

*財(cái)年始于2023年4月1日Source:

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Intelligence4預(yù)計(jì)2023和2024年,全球通脹壓力將有所緩解消費(fèi)者價(jià)格指數(shù)

(%

變動(dòng))2022202320242025全球7.65.63.52.9美國8.06.88.49.12.02.56.76.64.23.43.23.64.23.65.56.51.62.95.45.04.03.03.53.02.51.72.52.12.11.54.92.33.73.03.42.52.22.01.91.82.21.55.52.54.22.83.52.6加拿大歐元區(qū)英國中國大陸日本印度*澳大利亞印度尼西亞馬來西亞越南亞太區(qū)Data

compiled

May

15,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

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Intelligence5供應(yīng)商交付時(shí)長指數(shù)自2023年初迅速改善?

疫情期間,全球供應(yīng)鏈延誤一直困擾著制造業(yè),并導(dǎo)致了前所未有的工作積壓。這一情況自2023年初以來已大幅緩解,3月份供應(yīng)鏈指數(shù)出現(xiàn)了自2009年以來的最大月度改善。這將有助于制造業(yè)企業(yè)消化此前積壓的訂單。?

交貨速度的提升反映了與疫情相關(guān)的物流問題的緩解,如集裝箱短缺和港口擁堵,以及中國大陸經(jīng)濟(jì)的重新開放。?

然而,供應(yīng)商并沒有因此變得更加繁忙,主因是全球制造業(yè)企業(yè)的需求在下降。?

由于供應(yīng)更加充足,同時(shí)需求在下降,制造業(yè)價(jià)格壓力進(jìn)一步減輕。Permis

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Intelligence6工業(yè)材料價(jià)格自2022年3月峰值以來有所回落標(biāo)普全球市場財(cái)智材料價(jià)格指數(shù)?

根據(jù)我們的預(yù)測,2023年工業(yè)材料價(jià)格指數(shù)將下降6%。W

eekly

indexes,

2002:1=1?

工業(yè)材料價(jià)格指數(shù)的下降反映了高利率、需求不足和供應(yīng)鏈改善的共同影響。All

materialsChemicalsNonferrous

metals6543210?

運(yùn)輸瓶頸已經(jīng)得到緩解,運(yùn)輸成本顯著下降。?

鋁的價(jià)格已跌至接近成本的水平。隨著市場轉(zhuǎn)向盈余,銅價(jià)也步入下降通道。?

由于需求疲軟和芯片供應(yīng)增加,電磁元器件價(jià)格也正在下降。200720092011201320152017201920212023Data

compiledMay

17,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Permis

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Intelligence7全球油價(jià)自2022年高點(diǎn)回落布倫特石油價(jià)格(美元

/

桶)?

預(yù)計(jì)2023年,全球石油需求將增長230萬桶/日,其中中國大陸將貢獻(xiàn)近一般的增量。Current$2022

$175?

2023年下半年,布倫特原油的平均價(jià)格可能會(huì)升至90美元/桶

而隨著美國和其他非歐佩克國家供應(yīng)的增加,布倫特原油價(jià)格將在2024年逐步回落。?

歐佩克減產(chǎn)疊加需求上升將使得石油市場陷入赤字,在未來幾個(gè)月支撐油價(jià)。5025020002003200620092012201520182021202420272030Data

compiledApril

19,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Permis

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ion

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Intelligence8美元實(shí)際匯率從2022年高點(diǎn)回落實(shí)際貿(mào)易加權(quán)美元匯率指數(shù)

(指數(shù),

2012=1.0)?

2022年美元升值是利差擴(kuò)大和投資者避險(xiǎn)行為的共同結(jié)果。1.51.41.31.21.11.0?

隨著美國加息接近尾聲,逐漸縮小的利差和美國長期的經(jīng)常項(xiàng)目赤字將導(dǎo)致美元在2023-25年間進(jìn)入調(diào)整區(qū)間。?

歐元和日元對美元匯率將在2025年左右進(jìn)入升值通道。0.91976

1981

1986

1991

1996

2001

2006

2011

2016

2021

2026

2031Data

compiledMay

8,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Permis

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ion

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Intelligence9信貸緊縮將在一定程度上抑制美國的企業(yè)投資利

(利

%)利

(%)3012EquipmentStructuresIntellectualpropertyFederal

Funds10-Year

Treasury201001030-Year

Mortgage

RateBAA

corporate86-10-20-304202000

2004

2008

2012

2016

2020

2024

20281990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2025

2030Data

compiledMay

5,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Permis

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Intelligence10西歐主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體經(jīng)濟(jì)增速將在未來三年逐步復(fù)蘇?

被壓抑的服務(wù)需求的釋放是推動(dòng)利

GDP

(利

%)近期西歐國家增長的主要?jiǎng)恿Α?0212022202320242025–29?

但高通脹和緊縮的金融環(huán)境正在876543210抑制企業(yè)和私人投資。?

核心通脹的緩和是我們預(yù)測經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)增長的關(guān)鍵。?

下行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)包括核心通脹的持續(xù)上升,金融壓力的擴(kuò)散以及房地產(chǎn)市場的調(diào)整繼續(xù)加深。?

此外,意大利、西班牙、希臘和葡萄牙的人口下降將制約這些國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。GermanyUnited

KingdomFranceItalySpainEurozoneData

compiled

May

15,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

MarketIntelligence.11亞太地區(qū)2023年經(jīng)濟(jì)增速將有所加快?

我們預(yù)測亞太地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長動(dòng)能在2023年和2024年將有所增強(qiáng)。亞太地區(qū)實(shí)際GDP增速有望從2022年的3.2%增長到2023年的4.3%,并在2024年進(jìn)一步增長到4.5%。?

根據(jù)我們的預(yù)測,在中國、印度和東盟強(qiáng)勁的增長預(yù)期下,亞太將成為2023年全球增長最快的地區(qū)。利

GDP利

,

2022–32利

利4.5%利

利利

:利

利利

利3.1%33.8%13.9%8.8%利

利16.2%利

利利

利利

利57.1%5.2%利

利9.3%利

利4.6%Data

compiled

May

15,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

MarketIntelligence.Permis

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ion

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Intelligence122023年一季度,中國大陸經(jīng)濟(jì)在疫后強(qiáng)勁復(fù)蘇中國大陸季度GDP年度同比%,

實(shí)際?

2023年一季度,中國大陸實(shí)際GDP增速達(dá)4.5%,創(chuàng)四個(gè)季度新高。AgricultureIndustry

and

constructionServices?

強(qiáng)勁反彈伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整:2015105?

需求端,盡管出口仍然對經(jīng)濟(jì)產(chǎn)生正向拉動(dòng),但增長動(dòng)能已從外需轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)需。?

供給端,服務(wù)業(yè)替代工業(yè)成為拉動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長的主要?jiǎng)恿Α?

經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇動(dòng)能自3月開始逐漸減弱,增加了對政策進(jìn)一步放松的期待。0-5-1020192019201920192020202020202020202120212021202120222022202220222023Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1Data

compiledMay

23,

2023.Source:

National

Bureau

of

Statistics,

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Permis

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Intelligence一季度強(qiáng)勁復(fù)蘇后,增長動(dòng)能逐漸放緩中國大陸宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo),供給方中國大陸宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo),需求方中國大陸官方制造業(yè)和非制造業(yè)PMI年度同比%,實(shí)際年度同比%,名義Industrialvalue-addedServices

production

index25ManufacturingNon-manufacturingRetail

salesFAIExports65605550454035302512010080201510560402000-5-20-40-60-80-10-15-2020192020202120222023201920202021202220232018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023To

remov

e

impact

ofbaseline

fluctuations,

applying

two-year

average

for

2022

and

2021To

remov

e

impact

ofbaseline

fluctuations,

applying

two-year

average

for

2022

and

2021Data

compiled

May.

30,

2023.Source:

National

Bureau

ofStatistics,

S&P

GlobalMarketIntelligence.14挑戰(zhàn):

居民消費(fèi)意愿仍然不強(qiáng)消費(fèi)者信心指數(shù)仍大幅低于疫前;居民存款不斷攀升中國大陸消費(fèi)者信心指數(shù)中國大陸居民存款Consumer

confidence

indexIncome

confidence

indexConsumption

willingness

index130Household

deposits

(Trillion

CNY)Share

in

nominalGDP

(percentage

point,

RHS)20181614121082520151051251201151101051009564902850080Data

compiled

May.

30,

2023.Source:

National

Bureau

ofStatistics,

People’s

Bank

ofChina,S&PGlobal

Market

Intelligence.Source:

S&P

Global

MarketIntelligence.15挑戰(zhàn):

房地產(chǎn)復(fù)蘇的不確定性住房相關(guān)面積指標(biāo)中國大陸新房價(jià)格指數(shù)年度同比%,累計(jì)變動(dòng)百分比CompletionsUnderconstructionStartsSoldYearover

year15Month

over

month

(RHS)12010080310526014020000-20-40-60-5-1-2-102014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

20232014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023Data

compiled

May.

30,

2023.Source:

National

Bureau

ofStatistics,

S&P

GlobalMarketIntelligence.Source:

S&P

Global

MarketIntelligence.16上行風(fēng)險(xiǎn):

政策進(jìn)一步寬松;新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體穩(wěn)健的需求支撐出口中國大陸財(cái)政和信貸政策強(qiáng)度各地區(qū)對中國大陸出口的貢獻(xiàn)占名義GDP比重,

12個(gè)月移動(dòng)平均百分比FiscalCreditUSHongkongASEANIndiaRussia141210860504030201002.22.21.5

1.81.93.11.93.02.22.62.02.62.02.81.52.51.92.62.02.72.32.13.32.93.03.42.32.211.012.210.012.2

12.3

12.88.88.89.014.88.014.4615.88.316.6413.8

13.815.8

17.4

14.6

13.7

12.3

12.113.314.110.5

10.417.4

17.227.5017.6

18.4

18.0

17.1

17.218.0

18.419.0

19.216.716.2-2-4-614.2Data

compiled

May.

30,

2023.Source:

National

Bureau

ofStatistics,

Customs,

People’s

Bank

of

China,

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Source:

S&P

Global

MarketIntelligence.17中國大陸經(jīng)濟(jì)長期面臨減速的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響長期增長的因素包括:生產(chǎn)率增長放緩、企業(yè)債務(wù)高企、房地產(chǎn)下行、老齡化以及中美關(guān)系惡化。勞動(dòng)年齡人口的國際比較利

GDP利

(利

%)15-64歲年齡人口,

變動(dòng)百分比Real

GDPIndustrialproduction20161281990-20201002020-20508060402004ChinaIndiaIndonesiaVietnam0-20-40Data

compiled

April

20,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

MarketIntelligence.Permis

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Intelligence18服務(wù)消費(fèi)的復(fù)蘇和入境旅游推動(dòng)日本2023年的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長利

GDP利

(%)利

(%)3320-3-610-1201720192021202320252027201720192021202320252027利

(利

)利

(利

,

10利

)140130120110100250200150100500201720192021202320252027201720192021202320252027Data

compiled

May

15,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

MarketIntelligence.19亞太主要經(jīng)濟(jì)體實(shí)際GDP增速利

GDP

(利

%

)?

受益于區(qū)域貿(mào)易自由化,亞太地20212022202320242025–29區(qū)將引領(lǐng)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。109876543210?

亞太地區(qū)和全球的貨幣政策緊縮將在一定程度上抑制國內(nèi)需求和出口。?

澳大利亞、印度尼西亞和馬來西亞將受益于能源、金屬和糧食出口的增加。?

2023年,電子產(chǎn)品需求疲軟將抑制新加坡、韓國和臺灣等電子產(chǎn)品出口大國的增長。MainlandChinaIndiaSouth

KoreaAustraliaIndonesiaTaiwanData

compiledMay.

15,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Permis

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ion

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Intelligence20東南亞經(jīng)濟(jì)體的GDP增速利

GDP

(利

%)?

中國大陸的重新開放將推動(dòng)以旅游為主要產(chǎn)業(yè)的泰國和香港的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。20212022202320242025–29108?

信息技術(shù)產(chǎn)業(yè)將支持印度、菲律賓和馬來西亞的長期經(jīng)濟(jì)增長。6?

越南將在制成品出口的帶動(dòng)下繼續(xù)保持強(qiáng)勁增長。4?

高債務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)、高通脹、低外匯儲備和疲軟的貨幣將是斯里蘭卡和巴基斯坦要對面的主要挑戰(zhàn)。20-2-4-6ThailandHong

KongSAR,

ChinaMalaysiaSingaporePhilippinesVietnamData

compiledMay.

15,

2023.Source:

S&P

Global

Market

Intelligence.Permis

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ion

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Intelligence21東盟的經(jīng)濟(jì)體量有望在2030年超越德國東盟、日本和德國GDP比較名義

GDP,

萬億美元ASEANJapanGermany876543210201020202030Data

compiledMay.

30,

2023.Source:

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Intelligence22東盟的快速增長受益于制造業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈的轉(zhuǎn)移?

亞洲制造業(yè)的變化:東北亞勞動(dòng)力成本上升以及供應(yīng)鏈的多樣化。?

打印機(jī)供應(yīng)鏈經(jīng)歷了重大重組:中國大陸的份額長期下降而越南和泰國的份額在不斷上升。Permis

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Intelligence23印度將在2030年成為世界第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體印度,日本和英國GDP比較名義GDP,

萬億美元?

根據(jù)我們的預(yù)測,到2030年,印度以美元計(jì)價(jià)的名義GDP將達(dá)到7.3萬美元,超過日本成為全球第三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。20202030876543210?

印度消費(fèi)支出總額將從2022年的2.2萬美元上升至2030年的4.7萬美元。IndiaJapanUKData

compiledApril

23,

2023.Source:

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Intelligence24總結(jié)關(guān)鍵信息?

全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長將在2023年有所放緩,而亞太地區(qū)正在加速。?

中國大陸經(jīng)濟(jì)在反彈,但房地產(chǎn)、私人投資和消費(fèi)的復(fù)蘇仍然存在不確定性。?

由于強(qiáng)勁的國內(nèi)需求和大宗商品出口,亞太地區(qū)和中東北非地區(qū)的增長將強(qiáng)于其他新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體。?

新興市場中的東盟和印度將繼續(xù)受益于東北亞以外的供應(yīng)鏈多元化。經(jīng)濟(jì)增長上行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?

全球通脹壓力的緩解快于預(yù)期,使得各國央行放緩或停止加息。?

旅游和服務(wù)業(yè)迅速恢復(fù)。Permis

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