熱點(diǎn)12夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙及中國(guó)空間站(原卷版)-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強(qiáng)化專練(通用版)

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)話題解讀+關(guān)鍵能力(題型)強(qiáng)化專練熱點(diǎn)12夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙及中國(guó)空間站北京時(shí)間2022年10月31日15時(shí)37分，搭載空間站夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的長(zhǎng)征五號(hào)B遙四運(yùn)載火箭，在我國(guó)文昌航天發(fā)射場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)時(shí)點(diǎn)火發(fā)射，約8分鐘后，夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙與火箭成功分離并準(zhǔn)確進(jìn)入預(yù)定軌道，發(fā)射任務(wù)取得圓滿成功。夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙是中國(guó)空間站第三個(gè)艙段，也是第二個(gè)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙，由工作艙、載荷艙、貨物氣閘艙和資源艙組成，起飛重量約23噸，主要用于開展空間科學(xué)與應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)，參與空間站組合體管理，貨物氣閘艙可支持貨物自動(dòng)進(jìn)出艙，為艙內(nèi)外科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)提供支持。后續(xù)，夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙將按照預(yù)定程序與空間站組合體交會(huì)對(duì)接。完成有關(guān)功能測(cè)試后，夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙將按計(jì)劃實(shí)施轉(zhuǎn)位。神舟十四號(hào)航天員乘組已做好迎接夢(mèng)天實(shí)驗(yàn)艙來(lái)訪的準(zhǔn)備。這是我國(guó)載人航天工程立項(xiàng)實(shí)施以來(lái)的第25次飛行任務(wù)，也是長(zhǎng)征系列運(yùn)載火箭的第446次飛行。本次發(fā)射，意味著天宮空間站建設(shè)進(jìn)入最后的收官階段。三個(gè)關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題，帶你了解中國(guó)航天這次“夢(mèng)天”發(fā)射。01.“夢(mèng)天”和“問(wèn)天”有什么區(qū)別？天宮空間站是中國(guó)載人航天自1992年起步以來(lái)連續(xù)發(fā)展30年的成果，它意味著中國(guó)將擁有一個(gè)航天員長(zhǎng)期駐留的空間站平臺(tái)。這里能提供長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的微重力環(huán)境，免于絕大部分地球大氣層的干擾，是一個(gè)獨(dú)一無(wú)二的“太空實(shí)驗(yàn)室”，進(jìn)行各類科學(xué)研究。而從最長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)的目標(biāo)來(lái)看，人類要離開地球這個(gè)“搖籃”，大型空間站也是必備的“太空之家”。它有三個(gè)最核心的構(gòu)成：“天和”核心艙、“問(wèn)天”實(shí)驗(yàn)艙、“夢(mèng)天”實(shí)驗(yàn)艙。核心艙是航天員們主要工作與生活的地方，也是整個(gè)空間站的控制中心。而兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙，則主要負(fù)責(zé)完成復(fù)雜的空間科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，它們共攜帶了25個(gè)大型的實(shí)驗(yàn)柜。簡(jiǎn)而言之，只有實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的存在，才能讓天宮空間站孕育出各類太空科技產(chǎn)出，從而反哺我國(guó)相關(guān)行業(yè)的發(fā)展。兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)艙也有各自的分工。其中“問(wèn)天”可看作是核心艙的備份，具備空間站統(tǒng)一管理和控制能力，帶有航天員生命維持系統(tǒng)，也可用于航天員出艙行走，同時(shí)主要負(fù)責(zé)生命科學(xué)類實(shí)驗(yàn)。而“夢(mèng)天”則專注于各類微重力科學(xué)的研究，它帶有外部實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)和小型機(jī)械臂，自身的實(shí)驗(yàn)載荷氣閘艙能實(shí)現(xiàn)大型實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備的“出艙行走”，在飛船外部進(jìn)行太空輻射和空間物理等方面的研究。一方面，“夢(mèng)天”是個(gè)專業(yè)純粹的微重力科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室；另一方面，它也是個(gè)獨(dú)特的太空載荷布置平臺(tái)，從這里布置衛(wèi)星到空間站附近軌道，僅是“咫尺之遙”。02.“夢(mèng)天”的“發(fā)”、“接”、“轉(zhuǎn)”太空之旅怎么完成？“夢(mèng)天”是個(gè)長(zhǎng)17.9米、直徑4.2米、重約20噸的龐然大物。要把它送入太空，必須依靠中國(guó)航天現(xiàn)有最強(qiáng)力的“太空起重機(jī)”長(zhǎng)征五號(hào)B火箭。相比長(zhǎng)征五號(hào)火箭，它移除了約11.5米長(zhǎng)的芯二級(jí)，是一個(gè)典型的“一級(jí)半（芯一級(jí)+助推器）”構(gòu)型，然后使用了更大更長(zhǎng)的整流罩（長(zhǎng)20.5米、直徑5.2米），用以保護(hù)更大的天宮空間站各艙段，是個(gè)不折不扣的“大力士”。2020年5月5日長(zhǎng)征五號(hào)B火箭首次發(fā)射成功后，也正式標(biāo)志著天宮空間站建設(shè)最需要的得力工具準(zhǔn)備完畢。后續(xù)的三大艙段，都由它送入太空。進(jìn)入太空后，實(shí)驗(yàn)艙就要跟蹤天宮空間站并準(zhǔn)確交會(huì)對(duì)接。一方面，火箭發(fā)射窗口必須抓穩(wěn)，才能讓二者的軌跡更容易重合；另一方面，“夢(mèng)天”實(shí)驗(yàn)艙和天宮空間站都需要進(jìn)行復(fù)雜的軌道和姿態(tài)控制，讓二者處在最完美的姿態(tài)，在太空中準(zhǔn)確對(duì)接。它們分別是20噸級(jí)和60噸級(jí)的大家伙，要在高速運(yùn)動(dòng)下做到分毫不差的對(duì)接，難度可想而知。在對(duì)接到核心艙后，“夢(mèng)天”還需要讓出對(duì)接口、在太空中旋轉(zhuǎn)90度，實(shí)現(xiàn)與“問(wèn)天”實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的對(duì)稱分布，這個(gè)過(guò)程需要復(fù)雜的機(jī)械臂系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。03.“夢(mèng)天”發(fā)射后，天宮空間站何時(shí)完工？“夢(mèng)天”實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的發(fā)射，標(biāo)志著天宮空間站建設(shè)所需的全部重要艙段都集合完畢。在未來(lái)幾個(gè)月內(nèi)，距離最后的全面建成，還需要幾個(gè)重要步驟。1.在未來(lái)進(jìn)行“夢(mèng)天”實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的位置轉(zhuǎn)移后，天宮空間站的“T字型”核心結(jié)構(gòu)將正式完成；2.航天員需要全面測(cè)試“夢(mèng)天”實(shí)驗(yàn)艙的實(shí)際運(yùn)營(yíng)狀態(tài)，進(jìn)行出艙作業(yè)，完成一些外部設(shè)備的安裝組建；3.進(jìn)行新一批貨運(yùn)飛船補(bǔ)給，包括實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備、科研材料、生活物資和加注燃料等；4.進(jìn)行航天員的輪換，正式實(shí)現(xiàn)空間站常態(tài)化運(yùn)營(yíng)。尤其是最后一步，將是中國(guó)航天的“高光時(shí)刻”。目前，三名航天員陳冬、劉洋、蔡旭哲已經(jīng)在天宮中迎接“夢(mèng)天”。他們是中國(guó)載人航天史上具有里程碑意義的一組航天員：一方面，他們都是新一代（第二批）航天員，是歷史上首次全“新人”組合；另一方面，他們已能身兼重任，完成了天宮空間站的最核心建設(shè)任務(wù)。在他們?nèi)蝿?wù)結(jié)束之前，神舟十五號(hào)的3名航天員也將抵達(dá)天宮空間站，屆時(shí)將會(huì)出現(xiàn)6名航天員同時(shí)在軌的壯觀場(chǎng)景，天宮空間站也將達(dá)到重量和體積的最大時(shí)刻。（來(lái)源|澎湃新聞）一、閱讀理解1SpacelabblastsoffInthepast20years,astronautshavedonenearly3,000scientificexperimentsaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation(ISS).Manybreakthroughshavebeenmade,includingresearchondrugsforAlzheimer’sdiseaseandcancer,andtheeffectsoflivinginspaceonthehumanbody.TherewasatimewhenChinahadlittlechancetodosuchresearch.NowChinacan.OnJuly24,Wentian,thefirstspacelabofChina’sspacestation,blastedoff.Itlaterdocked(對(duì)接)withtheTianhecoremodule(天和核心艙),reportedChinaDaily.Wentianwillbemainlyusedforstudyingspacelifesciences.Astronautswillusefruitflies,zebrafish,thalecress(擬南芥)andotheranimalsandplantstostudyhowtheygrowandageinspace.Experimentsoncellsandorgans(器官)inweightlessconditionswillalsobedone.Thesestudies“couldpavethewayforhumanstoliveinspaceandthefuturetreatmentofdiseasesinspace”,saidZhaoLiping.chiefdesigneroftheWentianSpaceApplicationSystem.Thelabisopentoscientistsfromothercountries,too.CanadiancancerscientistTriciaLarosepostedonTwitterthatshewould“happily”traveltotheTiangongspacestationtodoresearch.Larose’sprojectof“tumors(腫瘤)inspace”waschosenasoneofnineprojectstobecarriedoutinWentian.ItwaschosenbytheUnitedNationsandChinafrom42applicants(申請(qǐng)者)from27countries.Herprojecttriestostudyiftumorgrowthcouldsloworstopinweightlessconditionsandhowspaceradiation(輻射)affectsourDNA.BesidesWentian,theotherspacelab,Mengtian,issettoblastoffinOctober.Morethan1,000experimentsareexpectedtobecarriedoutinthesetwospacelabs.1.WhatdidChinesedointhepast20yearsaccordingtothefirstparagraph?A.Chinesehavedone3,000scientificexperimentsinspacelab.B.ChinesehaveseldomdonetheresearchondrugsonAlzheimer’sdiseaseandcancer.C.Chineseinvitedotherscientiststothefirstspacelabinspace.D.Chinesemademanybreakthroughsontheeffectsoflivinginspace.2.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.ThespacelabofChina’sspacestationblastedoff.B.Astronautswillstudyhowtheanimalsandpeoplegrowinspace.C.ThefirstChinesespacelabwillbeusedtoresearchonspacelifesciences.D.Theexperimentsonthespacelabwillstudythefuturetreatmentofdisease.3.WhocangototheChineselabinspace?A.Chinesescientists. B.ScientistsfromtheUN.C.Canadianscientists. D.Scientistsfromallovertheworld.4.Howmanyexperimentswillbedoneinthefutureaccordingtothepassage?A.1,000. B.42. C.27. D.3,000.5.Whichpartcanyouprobablyreadthepassageonthenewspaper?A.Sports. B.Music. C.Science. D.Life.2TheShenzhouXIVmission(任務(wù))—China’sninthmannedspaceflight—launched(發(fā)射)fromtheJiuquanSatelliteLaunchCenteronJune5,2022.Thethreeastronauts—ChenDong,LiuYangandCaiXuzhe—arebeingsenttotheTiangongspacestation.Theywillstaythereforhalfayear.ThisisthesecondtimeChenandLiuhavegoneintospace.Theflightofthreeastronautsisalsoexpectedtomarkthebeginningofaperiodoftenyears.Duringthisperiod,therewillbeChinesepeopleinouterspaceeveryday.Asofthespacecraft’sarrivalonthatday,theTiangongstationconsistsofthreeparts—theTianhecoremodule(核心艙),theTianzhou3andtheTianzhou4cargo(貨運(yùn))ships.ThethreeastronautswillworkwithgroundcontrollerstoconnecttheWentianandMengtianspacelabswiththeTianhemodule.Andthentheyusearoboticarmtomovethelabstotheirpermanentposition.Wentian,thestation’sfirstlabpart,willbeliftedinJulybyaLongMarch5BrocketfromHainanprovince,whilethesecondlabMengtianwillbelaunchedbythesamerocketmodelinOctober.AftertheyareconnectedwithTiangong,thestationwillformaT-shapedstructure.Duringtheirstay,theastronautswillfinishtwotothreespacewalksandgivescienceclassestostudents.Inthesecondhalfoftheirmissionperiod,theTianzhou5cargocraftandtheShenzhouXVastronautswillarriveatthestation.TheShenzhouXIVandXVastronautswillmeetinsidetheTiangongandworktogetherforashorttimebeforeChen’steamfliesbacktoEarthinDecember.Chinahasbeenmakingoneachievementafteranotherwithitsspacemissionsthatreflectstherapiddevelopmentofitsaerospacearea.ThesurprisingachievementsChinahasmadeinspaceexplorationareexpectedtoattractmoreyoungpeopletodevotetheirtalentstothemeaningfulthingthatbenefitshumankindasawhole.6.HowlongwillthethreeastronautsstayintheTiangongspacestation?A.For3months. B.For6months.C.For9months. D.For12months.7.WhowillconnectthespacelabswiththeTianhemodule?A.Groundcontrollers.B.TheastronautsofShenzhouXIV.C.TheastronautsofShenzhouXIVandXV.D.TheastronautsofShenzhouXIVandthegroundcontrollers.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“permanent”meaninChinese?A.永久的 B.靈活的 C.暫時(shí)的 D.唯一的9.WherewilltheShenzhouXIVandXVastronautsmeet?A.InsidetheTiangong. B.InsidetheTianzhou.C.InsidetheTianhe. D.Ontheearth.10.What’sthestructureofthistext?A.①/②③/④/⑤⑥ B.①/②/③④/⑤⑥C.①/②③④/⑤⑥ D.①/②/③④⑤/⑥3StudentsenjoyedthelatestsciencelecturegivenbyastronautsonboardChina’sTiangongspacestationonWednesday,March23.TheShenzhouXIIImembersgavetheirsecondsciencelesson,alsocarryingoutexperiments.Inoneexperiment,WangusedatoyofBingDwenDwen,thepopularmascotofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympics,toshowhowthingsflyinaweightlessenvironment.Theyalsoshowedstudentstwopiecesofcutting-edgescientificequipmentinsidethespacestation.Beforeendingthelecture,theastronautsansweredquestionstakenfrommembersofthepublicandraisedbystudentsatthegroundsites.Thequestionscovereddifferentpartsoflifeandworkinspace,suchashowtotakecareoftheirskin,whethertheycandrinkhotwater,ifthemoonlooksdifferentfromtheTiangongstation,andhowtearsmoveinamicrogravitationalenvironment.Attheendoftheclass,Wangtoldtheaudiencethatinthecomingmonths,twolargespacelabs—Wentian,or“questfortheheavens”,andMengtian,or“dreamingoftheheavens”—willbelaunchedintospacetobewiththeTianhemodule(艙)tocompletetheTiangongstation,andthenChinawillhavestrongerabilityinspace-basedscientificexperimentationandthe“Tiangongclass”willbecomemoreinteresting.PangZhihao,anoldspaceflightresearchersaidtheclasswillbean“eye-opener”forteenagersbecauseithasplantedthedreamofscienceinthem.“Manyscientistswerecreatedbytheirinterestandcuriosityabout‘strangethings’.Theexperimentsdonebytheastronautswillput‘questionmarks’inourstudents’mind,andtheteenagerswillthenmovetofindanswersandexploremoreplacesunknowntohuman,”hesaid.11.WhatkindofexperimentsdotheShenzhouXIIImembersdo?A.BingDwendwenthetoyexperiment. B.Thesecondscienceexperimentinspace.C.Twopiecesofscientificexperiments. D.Thescienceexperimentswithoutgravity.12.Whataretheraisedquestionsconnectedwith?A.Theastronauts’workandlifeinspace. B.Theastronauts’healthlikeskincare.C.Themoonandthespacestation. D.Thetears’differentshapesinspace.13.Whatwillmakeourcountrygreaterinspace-basedscientificexperimentation?A.ThelabcalledQuestFortheHeavens. B.ThecompletingoftheTiangongstation.C.Thelaunchingoftwolargespaceships. D.ThelabtobewiththeTianhemodule.14.HowdoesPangZhihaofeelabouttheclass?A.Interesting. B.Exciting. C.Valuable. D.Surprising.15.Whichpartofthenewspaperdoesthearticlebelongto?A.Opinion. B.Lifestyle. C.People. D.Health.4“Hello,everyone!WelcometoTiangongClass.”AspeciallecturebeganonTiangongspacestationabout400kilometersaboveEarthonDec.9,2021.Lastingforaboutanhour,thespacelecturewasgiventomillionsofstudents.Threeastronauts,ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfushowedhowtheyliveandworkonthespacestationanddidsomeinterestingexperiments.Thisspacelecturewasgreatlydifferentfromtheone8yearsbefore.The“classroom”wasbigger.Plantsinspace—ThelabofthespacestationhasmanyconditionsthattheEarthlabdoesnothave,suchastheweightlessenvironment.Inthelecture,Yeshowedexperimentsaboutcell(細(xì)胞)growthinaweightlessenvironment.Asearlyas2016,ChinesescientiststriedtogrowriceontheTiangongIIspacelabtostudyhowplantsgrowwithoutanEarth-likeenvironment.Useitorloseit—ThehumanbodygrowswiththepullofEarth’sgravity(重力).Butinspace,ourbonesandmuscles(肌肉)don’tneedtosupportourbody’sweight.Thiswillcauseboneandmuscleloss.That’sdangerousforastronautsbecausetheywillbetooweaktowork.Astronautshavedifferentwaystopreventthis.Zhaiintroducedaspecialuniformcalled“penguinsuit”.Wearingit,astronautsusetheirmusclestostretch(伸展)thebandsinit.Thiskeepstheirmusclesstrong.Wangalsoshowedstudentshowshewalkedonamachine,androdeabicycle.Astronautsexerciselikethateverydaytopreventmuscleloss.Youngvoices—Studentswerereallyinterestedinthelecture.A13-year-oldboyfromTianjinsaid,“ThemostexcitingthingIlearnedisthatastronauts‘fly’allthetimebecausethereisnogravity.”YinPeixin,an11-year-oldgirlfromHubeisaid,“Myfavoriteexperimentistheonewiththetabletennisball.Wangputtheballintoaglassofwater,buttheballdidn’tfloat.Thiswassomagical!"Look!Itwasaneye-openingexperiencethatwouldlightupstudents’interestinscience,wasn’tit?16.Whatdoweknowaboutthe2021spacelecturefromParagraph1?A.Itshowedastronauts’lifeandwork. B.Ittookplaceoverhalfayearago.C.Itwasgiveninasmallerclassroom. D.Itwassimilartotheone8yearsbefore.17.FromParagraph2,whatdidYewanttoshowthestudents?A.Howtobettergrowspaceplants. B.Howcellgrowsonthespacestation.C.Howtostudytherulesofplantgrowth. D.HowriceisgrownontheTiangonglab.18.Whatdoesthepart“Useitorloseit”mainlytalkabout?A.Thereasonsformuscleloss. B.Thenecessityofdailyexercise.C.Theadvantagesof“penguinsuit”. D.Musclelossinspaceandwaystostopit.19.Whatdoestheword“float”inthepassagemeaninChinese?A.上升 B.旋轉(zhuǎn) C.漂浮 D.下沉20.What’sthewriter’spurposeofwritingthisarticle?A.Tolightuppeople’sinterestinspacescience.B.TointroducethespacelecturebyChineseastronauts.C.Toexplaintheimportanceofstudyingplantsinspace.D.Tomakescientificknowledgepopularamongreaders.5OnethingneededforhumanstoliveinspaceisfoodthatcanbegrownoutsideofEarth.Let’slookatsomeofthelatestprogressscientistshavemadeinspacefarming.MakingsmallstepstowardmoonfarmingResearchersattheUniversityofFlorida,US,havebeenabletogrowplantsinlunarsoil.Althoughthethalecress(擬南芥)thecrewplantedgrewslowerthannormalbecauseoffewernutrients(營(yíng)養(yǎng)),thishasbeenseenasascientificbreakthrough.Thisscientificbreakthroughisasteptowardunderstandinghowfutureexplorersmightbeabletogrowplantsonthemoon.Itisalsoakeyexampleof“solvingsomeagricultural(農(nóng)業(yè))problemsincertainareasonEarth.”saidNASAadministratorBillNelson.GrowingbeefinorbitResearchersatIsraelifood-techcompanyAlephFarmshavebeengrowingartificial(人造的)meatinspace.In2019,ateamfromthecompanywassenttotheInternationalSpaceStationto3Dprintmeat.Nowtheywanttoseeifmeatcellscangrownaturallyinspace.Thecompanyiscarryingoutnewteststoseehowthecellsworkinzerogravity.TestingforthebestspacericeAftera23-dayspacejourneyonboard,theChang’e-5,1,500riceseedshavenowsuccessfullybeenplantedonEarthandaregrowinginagreenhouse.TheyaresettobereplantedataresearchcenteroftheSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversity,Guangdongprovince,attheendofthemonth,accordingtoGlobalTimes.“Theseedshaveexperiencedspecialenvironmentsduringthespacetravel,whichaffectsthegeneticvariation(遺傳變異)ofriceseeds,”saidChenZhiqiang,directorofthelabcenter.Theresearchisseenasanimportantsteptoknowwhichricespecieshavethegeneticsmostsuitableforspaceagriculture.21.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexperimentdonebyscientistsattheUniversityofFlorida?A.Theplantsplantedonthemoongrewfasterthannormal.B.ItmayhelpsolvesomeagriculturalproblemsincertainareasonEarth.C.Theexperiementmakesnodifferencetoagriculture.D.NutrientsinlunarsoilaresimilartothoseinEarth’ssoil.22.ResearchersatAlephFarmsaretryingtofindout________.A.whethercowscanliveinaspacestationB.whatanimalsgrowbestinmicrogravityenvironmentC.ifmeatcellscangrowinspaceconditionsD.howmuchmoneyisneededformeatcellstogrow23.WhyarethericeseedstakenbyChang’e-5soimportant?A.Theyhavebeensuccessfullyplantedonanotherplanet.B.Theyhelpunderstandfactorsthataffectpeoplehungerproblems.C.Theycanbeseenasanewricespecies.D.Theyarebeingusedtofindthebestricetogrowinspace.24.What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Farminginspace B.WaystogrowcropsinspaceC.Problemsofagriculture D.Stepstosavefood6ChineseastronautsgaveasciencelessontomillionsofstudentsonDec9,2021.Theydidsofrom400kilometersaboveEarth,fromtheTiangongspacestation.Thethree,ZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfu,showedlifeinspaceanddidexperimentsingravity.“ItwasthefirstlessonoftheTangongclass,China’sfirstinspace.”notedChinaDaily.“Itsgoalistomakemorepeopleknowspacescience.”“ThelabofthespacestationhasmanyconditionsthattheEarthlabdoesnothave,suchastheenvironmentofweightlessnessandradiation.”WenXin,aprofessoratUniversity,toldXinhua.Hesaidthatimportantjobsforastronautsinthespacestationincluderesearchofcellgrowthandplantlife.Inthelesson,Yedidexperimentsthathadtodowithcellgrowthinaweightlessenvironment.Hecomparedthegrowthandshapeofcellsinartificialgravityandzerogravitytostudytheirchangingrulesinspace.ThiswasnotthefirsttimethatChinahastriedtogrowplantsinspace.Asearlyas2016,ChinesescientistsgrewriceontheTiangongⅡspacelabtostudyhowplantsgrowwithoutanEarth-likeenvironment.AnotherexperimentinthespacelessonwasshownbyWangYaping.Sheshowedhowapaperflower“bloomed”onthesurfaceofwaterinTiangongspacestation.Sheexplainedthatthesurfacetensionofwaterbecomesstrongerinspaceduetozerogravity.Surfacetensionislikea“skin”ofwater.OneoftheexamplesofsurfacetensiononEarthisthatsomeinsectscanwalkonwater.Mostofthetime,gravityistoostronganditbreaksthe“skin”.Butwithzerogravityinspace,someinsectscanusesurfacetensionto“stand”insteadoffallingthroughwater.Surfacetensionplaysakeyroleinproductdevelopment.Researchersaremeasuringsurfacetensiontoimprovethequalityoftheirproducts.Detergenteffectcanbeimprovedwithevenloweramounts.Surfacetensionalsohasinfluenceinmedicinedevelopment.Althoughtheastronautsarethousandsofmilesaway,theirresearchreallyinfluenceourlife.ShiYi,ateacher,toldChinaDailythatthespacelessonwas“aneye-openingexperiencethatwouldattractmorestudentstostudyscience”.25.Whatdoweknowaboutthesciencelesson?A.Itsgoalistostudythecellgrowthinspace. B.Itfocusedontheuseofzerogravityinspace.C.Itonlyshowedexperimentsinartificialgravity. D.ItwasthefirstlessonfromChina’sspacestation.26.Ye’sexperimentaboutismainlyabout?A.Waystostudytherulesofcellgrowth.B.Howtobetterdevelopspace-grownplants.C.Howcellsgrowinaweightlessenvironment.D.Differencesbetweenartificialgravityandzerogravity.27.Whatcanwelearnaboutfromwatersurfacetensionfromthepassage?A.Italwaysgetsstrongerwhenincreases. B.ItmakesinsectsfallthroughwaterInspace.C.Ithelpsplantstogrowbetterinspace. D.Itcanhelptomakebetterdetergents.28.What’sthebestforthepassage?A.Tiangongspacestation B.SpecialteachersfromspaceC.Asciencelessoninspace D.Astudyofweightlessness7AttheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvinceonApril29,10engines(引擎)atthebottomofaLongMarch5Bheavy-liftcarrierrocketroaredtosky,generating(引起)athrustpower(推力)of1,068metrictons(公噸)toliftthe18-story-tallvehiclethroughthickrainclouds.Therocketmanagedtosendthecorecapsule(核心艙)ofChina’sspacestation,namedTianhe,intoitsplannedorbit.In1992,China’sgovernmentproposed(提出)a“three-step”strategyforaerospaceengineeringbyfirstbuildingamannedspacecraft,followedbybuildingminispacestations（Tiangong-1and-2）andthenChina’sownspacestation.ThislaunchhasbroughtChinaclosertoitsfinalgoal.AsthefuturemanagementandcontrolcenterofChina’sspacestation,thetotallengthofthecoremoduleis16.6meters,aroundtheheightofa5-storybuilding.Withamaximumdiameterof4.2meters,itismorespacious(寬廣的)thanatrainorsubwaycarriage.TheTianhecorecapsule’slaunchkicksoff(開始)aseriesoflaunchmissionsthataimstocompletetheconstruction(建設(shè))ofChina’sspacestation.Aftercompletionbytheendof2022,China’sspacestationwillbeaTshape,withthecoremoduleatthecenterandalabcapsuleoneachside.Itwillbeabletosupportthreeastronautstoworkandliveinforalongtimeorsixastronautsatmostforashorttime.It’sdividedintosixzones(區(qū)),includingzonesforwork,sleep,dining,healthcareandexercise.Forexample,astronautsmaychoosetreadmills(跑步機(jī))orspinbikes(動(dòng)感單車)tomaintaintheirphysicalhealth.Moreover,thestationwillfeature“smarthome”technologytoremotelycontrolhouseholdappliances(家電)inthecabin(艙)throughtablets.Chinaaimstobuildthespacestationintoastate-levelspacelabthatsupportslongerstaysofastronautsandlarge-scalescientific,technologicalandapplicationexperiments.Thestationisalsoexpectedtocontributetothepeacefuldevelopmentandutilization(使用)ofspaceresourcesthroughinternationalcooperation,aswellastoenrichtechnologiesandexperiencesforChina’sfutureexplorationsintodeeperspace.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vehicle”inParagraph1referto?A.aminispacelab B.acoremoduleofthespacestationC.amannedspacecraft D.aheavy-liftcarrierrocket30.TheTianhecorecapsuletoChina’sspacestationislike.A.appletofruit B.locktodoor C.braintohuman D.furnituretohome31.WhatdoweknowabouttheTianhecorecapsule?A.Itslaunchwillenablesixastronautstoliveandworkinthespacestationforalongtime.B.Itslocationisjustattheoppositeendofthelabcapsule.C.Itsutilizationwillimprovethelivingconditionsforastronautsinspace.D.Itsdivisionoflivingzoneswillmakeastronautsclever.32.TheTianhecorecapsuleisagreatadvanceinChina’saerospacebecause.A.itsspaciousnessmakesthemixingoflivingzonesinspacelabarealityB.moreresearchcanbedoneinspacebecauseoflongerstayandeasierlifeinspaceC.othercountrieswillbemorewillingtoshareexperiencewithChinaD.thecarrierrocketgeneratedalargeamountofthrusttoliftthecapsuleup33.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Successfullaunchofthecorecapsule B.ScientificresearchinthespacelabC.Globalcooperationinspaceindustry D.Easierlifeforastronautsatwork二、完形填空China’smannedspacedocking(對(duì)接)betweenShenzhou-9spacecraftandTiangong-1labhasachievedacompletesuccess!OnJune29,2012,China’sShenzhou-9spacecraftlanded__34__atthemainlandingareainnorthernChina’sInnerMongolia.ThreeastronautswhofinishedChina’sfirstmannedspacedockingmissionreturnedtothe__35__onFridaymorning.Thereturncapsule(艙)ofShenzhou-9spacecrafttoucheddownsuccessfullyasplanned.Theastronautswereingoodcondition.__36__theastronautswereinthecapsule,theyreportedtothecommandcentre“Wehavereturned,andwefeel__37__.”JingHaipengwasthefirsttocomeoutofthereturncapsule,__38__byLiuWangandLiuYangwhoisthecountry’sfirstwomanastronaut.ThethreeflewtoBeijingafter__39__physicalexaminationsatthelandingsite.OnJune24,thethreeChineseastronautssuccessfullycompletedamanualdocking__40__theShenzhou-9spacecraftandTiangong-1lab.Thesuccessisvery__41__forthecountry’splanstobuildaspacestationaround2020.Thespacecraftandspacelabwerejoinedinanautomated(自動(dòng)的)dockingonJune18，afterthethreeastronautswere__42__spacebyShenzhou-9onJune16,fromalaunchcentreinnorthwestChina’sGobiDesert.Thethreeastronauts___43___hadalotofscientifictestsduringtheirspaceflight.34.A.happily B.safely C.quickly D.badly35.A.sun B.moon C.earth D.sea36.A.While B.Since C.Though D.Because37.A.glad B.tired C.awful D.good38.A.studied B.followed C.pushed D.stopped39.A.taking B.checking C.passing D.failing40.A.beside B.before C.behind D.between41.A.difficult B.dramatic C.important D.serious42.A.sentinto B.caredfor C.chosenas D.foundout43.A.even B.still C.also D.only三、短文首字