大學英語-短文改錯練習及答案

Languagelearningbeginswithlistening.Individualchildrenvarygreatlyintheamountoflisteningtheydoaftertheystartspeaking,1.________andthelatestartersareoftenlonglisteners.Mostchildrenwill"obey"spokeninstructionssometimebeforetheycanspeak,thoughthewordobeyishardlyaccuratelikeadiscrptionoftheeagerand2._____delightedcooperationusuallyshownbythechild.Beforetheycanspeak,manychildrenwillaskquestionsingestureandbymaking3._____questioningnoises.Anyattempttotracethedevelopmentfromthenoisesbabiesmaketotheirfirstspokenwordsleadtoconsiderable4._____difficulties.Itisagreethattheyenjoymakingnoises,andthatduringthefirstfewmonthsoneortwonoisesortthemselvesoutas5.____particularindicativeofdelight,distress,sociability,andsoon.Butsince6.___thesecanbesaidtoshowthebaby’sintentiontocommunicate,theycan7._____hardlyberegardedasearlyformsoflanguage.Itisagreed,too,from8.______aboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment,andthatbysixmonthstheyareabletoaddnewsoundstotheirrepertoire.Thisself-imitationleadsontodeliberateimitationofsoundsmakingorwordsspokento9.______thembyotherpeople.Theproblemthenarisesastothepointwhichone10._____cansaythattheseimitationcanbeconsideredasspeech.1.after->before根據(jù)上下文邏輯，此處顯然指孩子學會說話之前的聽力，而非之后。2.like->aslike和as都有“像”的意思，但是此處要求填入一個具有“作為”之意的詞，故將like改為as3.in->by4.lead->leads此處句子的主語是上一行的attempt，所以要用動詞的第三人稱形式。5.noise->noisesOneortwo后修飾的名詞按復數(shù)對待。6.particular->particularly修飾形容詞indicative應該使用副詞particularly。7.canbesaid->cannotbesaid8.from前加thatit是句子的形式主語，而后面的fromaboutthreemonthstheyplaywithsoundsforenjoyment才是真正的主語，too是插入語，由于是主語從句，故引導詞that不能省略。9.making->made此處指“發(fā)出的聲音和說的話”，sound與make之間是被動關系。10.which前加at定語從句的關系代詞指代先行詞point，可知從句中缺少的時狀語，因此在which前加at。A“typical”Britishfamilyusedtoconsistofmother,fatherandtwochildren,andinrecentyearstherehavebeenmanychangesinfamily1.____life.Someofthesehavebeencausedbynewlawsandother2._____aretheresultofchangesinsociety.Forexample,forthelaw3.___madeeasiertogetadivorce,thenumberofdivorceshasincreased.4.______Infact,onemarriageineverythreenowendindivorce.Thismeansthat5.______therearealotofone-parentfamilies.Societyisnowmoretolerantthanitusedtobewithunmarriedpeople,unmarriedcouplesandsingleparents.6._____Anotherchangehasbeencausedbythefactpeoplearelivinglonger7.____nowadays,andmanyoldpeoplelivesalonefollowingthedeathoftheirpartners.Asacauseofthesechangesinthepatternofpeople’slives,there8.____aremanyfamiliesconsistofonlyonepersonoronepersonandchildren..9._____Youmightthinkthatmarriageandthefamiliesarenotsopopularastheyonceare.However,themajorityofdivorcedpeoplemarryagainandthey10._____sometimestakeresponsibilityforasecondfamily.1.and->but根據(jù)上下文，此處應為轉(zhuǎn)折關系2.other->others這里是some….others的固定用法。3.for->sincefor和since都可以表示“因為”，但是for表示原因引導得從句一般放在句末，所以在此處不對4.made->madeit句子主語是law，位于是made，easier是賓語補足語，邏輯賓語是easier后面的togetadivorce，可見此句缺少形式賓語it。5.end->ends主語onemarriageineverythree是單數(shù)，故謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)。6.with->of形容詞tolerant后面只能用of。還原原句為Societyisnowmoretolerantthanitusedtobe(tolerant)ofunmarriedpeople。7.thefact->thefactthatfact之后的部分是同位語從句，補充說明fact8.cause->resultsacauseof意為“作為…的原因”，asaresultof意為“作為…的結果”，根據(jù)上下文語義，應該用后者。9.consist->consisting或consist前加which或that句子結構混亂。簡單句中不能同時出現(xiàn)兩個謂語動詞。10.are->wereTherearemanyreasonsforstudyingwhatphilosophershavesaidinthepast.Oneisthatwecannotdividethehistoryofphilosophy1.____fromwhichofscience.Philosophyislargediscussionaboutmatters2.______inwhichfewpeoplearequitecertain,andthosefewholdopposite3.______opinions.Asknowledgeincreases,philosophybudsoffthesciences.Forexample,intheancientworldandtheMiddleAgesphilosophersdiscussmotion.AristoleandSt.ThomasAquinasthoughtthata4.______movebodywouldslowdownunlessaforcewereconstantlyappliedtoit5.____Theywereright.Itgoesonmovingunlesssomethingslowsitdown.But6.____theyhadgoodargumentsontheirside,andifwestudytheseandtheexperimentsprovedthemright,thiswillhelpusdistinguishtruth7.____fromfalseinthescientificcontroversiesoftoday.Wealsoseehowphilosophersreflectssociallifeofhisday.PlatoandAristole,intheslave-owningsocietyofancientGreece，thoughtman’shighstate8._____wascontemplationratherthanactivity.IntheMiddleAgesSt.Thomasbelievedaregularlyfeudalsystemofnineranksofangels.Herbert9.______Spencer,inthetimeoffreecompetitionbetweencapitalists,foundthekeytoprogressasthesurvivalofthefittest.ThusMarxismisseeingtofitinto10.___itsplaceasthephilosophyfortheworkers,theonlyclasswithafuture.1.divide->separatedivide的意思是“分開”，用法為divideinto;separate的意思是“分開”，用法是separatefrom。此句后面又介詞from，故要用separate。2.which->that此處并非任何從句，而應使用代詞指代上文的history，故用that，which沒有這種用法。3.in->aboutbecertain后面只能用介詞about，此處是把這個代詞提到了定語從句關系代詞which的前面而已，故將in改成about。4.discuss->discussed此句的時間狀語是intheancientworldandtheMiddleAges，所以謂語用一般過去時。history.Buttosociologists,tobehumanistobecultured,becauseofcultureisthecommonworld___7____ofexperiencewesharewithothermembersofourgroup.Cultureisessentiallytoourhumanness.Itprovidesakind____8____ofmapforrelatingtoothers.Considerhowyoufredyourwayaboutsociallife.Howdoyouknowhowtoactinaclassroom,oradepartmentstore,ortowardapersonwhosmilesorlaugh____9____atyou?Yourculturesuppliesyoubybroad,standardized,____10____ready-madeanswersfordealingwitheachofthesesituations.Therefore,ifweknowaperson'sculture,wecanunderstandandevenpredictagooddealofhisbehavior.1.include