大學英語AB級重點語法結(jié)構(gòu)

大學英語A/B級重點語法結(jié)構(gòu)一、時態(tài)與語態(tài)二、情態(tài)動詞三、動詞不定式四、分詞（分詞作狀語，分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞短語作定語和補語，with結(jié)構(gòu)，動名詞）五、定語從句六、狀語從句七、虛擬語氣八、主謂一致九、倒裝句十、強調(diào)句十一、反義疑問句十二、代詞十三、形容詞和副詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)考察重點：▲過去完成時：常和before,after,until,when等引導的時間狀語從句連用，其謂語動作一般表示過去。（bythetime/theendof）+表示過去時間的短語或句子。hardly/scarcely+過去完成時+when+過去時；nosooner+過去完成時+than+過去時現(xiàn)在完成時和現(xiàn)在完成進行時狀語詞組：thisday(week,month,year),sofar,forsometime,uptonow,uptothepresent,allthisyear等。將來完成時：常和before,until,when,after等詞連用，其謂語動作一般表示將來。by(thetime/endof)+表示將來的時間或句子。Bytheendofthismonth,wesurely____asatisfactorysolutiontotheproblem.havefoundB.willbefindingC.willhavefoundD.arefindingItseemsoil____fromthispipeforsometime.We’llhavetotakethemachineaparttoputithigh.haveleakedB.isleakingC.leakedD.hasbeenleakingtheconference____afullweekbythetimeitends.A.musthavelastedB.willhavelastedC.wouldlastD.haslasted4)Untilthen,____hisfamilyfromhimforsixmonths.A.didn’thearB.hasn’tbeenhearingC.hasn’theardD.hadn’theard情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞測試重點：should(oughtto)+have+p.p.（應該發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生的事情）might(could)+have+p.p.（過去可能發(fā)生而沒有發(fā)生的事情）must+have+p.p.(對過去事件的推論)只用于肯定句。否定句用can’t,can.Theroomisinaterriblemess;it__________cleaned.can’thavebeenB.shouldn’thavebeenmustn’thavebeenD.wouldn’thavebeenWithallthisworkonhand,he____tothecinemalastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.wouldn’tgoC.oughtn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone動詞不定式考察重點：不定式的完成式，進行式和被動式。2)Thefirsttextbook_____forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.writtenB.tobewrittenC.writingD.beingwritten3)Theinjuredworkersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.(前置定語---被動意義)4)Theyarecleaningthefallenleavesintheyard.（完成意義）5)Whoweretheso-calledguestsinvited(=whohadbeeninvited)toyourpartylastnight?（后置定語）6)Tellthechildrenplayingoutsidenottomaketoomuchnoise（四）With+名詞（代詞）+V-ed/V-ing1).

Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork_______,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finished

B.finishingC.havingfinished

D.wasfinished2).Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwithallthatnoise_______.A.goingon

B.goesonC.wenton

D.togoon(五)動名詞考察重點只跟動名詞的動詞：risk,finish,miss,mind,avoid,dislike,enjoy,practice,admit,hate,escape,appreciate,consider,deny,fancy,favor,delay,suggest,imagine,mention,postpone,excuse,involve,confess,include,acknowledge,understand,To作介詞后面接ing分詞常見幾個詞組：beaccustomedto,beusedtodoing,devoteoneselftodoing

objectto,lookforwardto狀語從句1)Theyareconsidering____beforethepricesgoup.ofbuyingthehouseB.withbuyingthehouseC.buyingthehouseD.tobuythehouse2)it’snouse____menottoworry.A.youtellB.yourtellingC.foryoutohavetoldD.havingtolddifficultytroublehaveagood/hardtime(in)+v-ingnobusinessplease(六)定語從句考察重點：that,as,when,where,which,whose引導的定語從句名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞比較級和最高級+of+which/whom介詞+which/whose/whom1)Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who’sC.whoseD.which2)Thetrain____shewastravelingwaslate.A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat3)Someoftheroadswereflooded,___madeourjourneymoredifficult.A.whichB.itC.whatD.that4)Hehastwosons,___workaschemists.A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhomC.bothofwhichD.allofwhom5)____mightbeexpected,theresponsetothequestionwasveymixed.A.AsB.ThatC.ItD.What(七)狀語從句考察重點：1）時間狀語從句的名詞詞組：theminute,themoment,thesecond,everytime,theday,theinstant2)原因狀語從句的連詞：as,seeingthat(),inthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat,nowthat,giventhat,because,since,as,for3)目的狀語從句：lest,incase,inorderthat,forfearthat,forthepurposethat4)條件狀語從句：as/solongas,unless，onlyif,providing/providedthat（假若）,supposethat,incasethat,onconditionthat，assumingthat，（假定），suppose/supposingthat（假使）5）比較狀語從句：themore…themore,than（不同程度的比較）,as(同級比較)6）讓步狀語從句：though,although,evenif,eventhough，as(用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝),while(一般用在句首),nomatter…,inspiteofthefactthat,while,whatever,etc.1).Wewon’tgiveup______________weshouldfailtentimes.A.evenifB.sinceC.whetherD.until2)Wehadhardlygottothestation__________itbegannorain.A.untilB.sinceC.whileD.when3).Fatherwas________busyinworking__________heoftenforgotrestormeals.A.very,thatB.so,thatC.such,asD.enough,as4).HealwaysthinksI’mwrong,_____________Imaysay.A.nomatterwhateverB.whateverC.whatD.that5)NotuntilIbegantowork__________howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn’tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn’trealizeD.Irealized(八)虛擬語氣在下列表示具有請求、建議、愿望、命令等主觀意向的動詞、形容詞、名詞、過去分詞等之后的從句中，需用虛擬語氣。形式是“should+動詞原形”或者省去“should”,直接用動詞原形。1.虛擬語氣用于賓語從句常用動詞有：一個堅持（insist）；兩個命令（order,command）；四項要求（demand,desire,require,request）；四條建議（advise,suggest,propose,recommend）。1）Theguardatthegateinsistedthateveryone__________therules.A.obeys B.obey C.willobey D.wouldobey2）Heorderedthatthemedicine(should)besentbyaspecialplane.他命令用專機來運送藥品。2.用于主語從句常用形容詞：necessary,important,essential,desirable,advisable,imperative(迫切的),urgent,preferable,vital,insistent,crucial（緊要關(guān)頭）,strange（不可思議的）常用的分詞：suggested,proposed,demanded,required,requested，desired,ordered,recommended,insisted,asked,resolved等1)、Itisvitalthatenoughmoney____tofundtheproject.A)becollectedB)mustbecollectedC)iscollectedD)canbecollected2)、Itisrecommendedthattheproject____untilallthepreparationshavebeenmade.A)isnotstartedB)willnotbestartedC)isnottobestartedD)notbestarted3.虛擬語氣用于表語從句和同位語從句常見的名詞有：suggestion,advise,proposal,order,decision,request,requirement,necessity,desire,demand,idea,motion,necessity,insistence,instruction,plan,preference,recommendation,resolution1)Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)sendafewpeopletohelptheothergroup.

我的建議是我們派幾個人去幫相別的小組。

2)Thiswashisorderthatwestaywherewewere.4虛擬語氣用于狀語從句1）_____beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.A.HadtheyarrivedB.WeretheyarrivingC.WouldtheyarriveD.Weretheytoarrive2)Thetreelookedasifit____foralongtime.A.hasn’twateredB.didn’twaterC.hadn’tbeenwateredD.wasn’twatered5虛擬語氣的其它用法1）Itis(high,about)time…句型，表示“早該干某事而已有些晚了”。Ifonly引起的感嘆句，表示“但愿，該。。。就搞了”。1）It’stime____aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.A.somethingwasdoneB.anythingwillbedoneC.everythingisdoneD.nothingtobedone2)LookattheterriblesituationIamin!ifonlyI____youradvice.A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed2)條件暗含在with,without,butfor,or,otherwise,exceptfor,underthecondition,inthepositionof等介詞短語中，謂語一般要用should+動詞原形或省略should,直接用動詞原形。1）____thestorm,theshipwouldhavereacheditsdestinationontime.A.InspiteofB.IncaseofC.ButforD.Becauseof2)Wedidn’tknowhistelephonenumber;otherwisewe_____him.A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned3)Hemusthavehadanaccident,orhe_______then.A.wouldhavebeenhereB.hadtobehereC.shouldbehereD.wouldbehere3.lest,forfearthat,inorderthat,incase引導目的狀語從句。1）Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcell(軟墊小室)lesthe___himself.（A）

A.injureB.hadinjuredC.injuredD.wouldinjure4.wish,wouldrather/sooner/assoon后的賓語從句。?I’dratheryou_____makeanycommentontheissueforthetimebeing.A.don’tB.wouldn’tC.didn’tD.shouldn’t九、主謂一致重點：語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數(shù)形式上保持一致。如果主語為單數(shù)而后面跟有with，togetherwith，alongwith,combinedwith,inadditionto,except，but，like，aswellas，ratherthan，morethan，nolessthan，besides，including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語為復數(shù)，謂語用復數(shù)形式。如果主語是由and連接的兩個單數(shù)名詞且前面有every,each,no等詞修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Everyboyandgirlinthisregionistaughttoreadandwrite.Manya(an/another)+名詞；morethanone+名詞等作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：morethanonepersonwasinvolvedinthecase.Thenumber(varietyof)+名詞作主語；anamountof(adealof/plentyof)+不可數(shù)名詞；aqualityof+不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞均用單數(shù)。由“and”連接兩個名詞作主語，and后面：的名詞若不加冠詞，常指同一個人或事物，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：thesecretaryandmanager(書記兼經(jīng)理)。以-ics結(jié)尾的名詞如表示的是一門學科，動詞用單數(shù)，如指特定事物，動詞用復數(shù)。由連詞or,either…nor,notonly…butalso,nor等連接的兩個名詞或代詞，謂語形式應采用毗鄰一致的原則，即謂語與鄰近的主語一致。Howcloseparentsaretotheirchildren______astronginfluenceonthecharacterofthechildren.A.haveB.hasC.havingD.tohave十、倒裝▲重點：only+副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句引出的句子?！詎ever,little,nowhere,rarely,seldom,scarcely,hardly,nosooner,innocase,atnotime,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,bynomeans等引導的句子。1）Onlybyshoutingatthetopofhisvoice_____.A.washeabletomakehimselfhear.B.hewasabletomakehimself,hear.C.hewasabletomakehimselfheard.D.washeabletomakehimselfheard.2)Sheneverlaughed,_____losehertemper.A.orsheeverdidB.nordidsheeverC.ordidsheeverD.norsheeverdid十一、強調(diào)句強調(diào)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis(was)+被強調(diào)的部分+that+句子的其它成分。例如：_______shefirstheardofthemanreferredtoasaspecialist.A.ThatwasfromStephenB.ItwasStephenwhomC.ItwasfromStephenthatD.ItwasStephenthat十二、反義疑問句重點：▲當陳述部分的主語是everyone,everybody,someone,noone,somebody,nobody等合成詞，其含義相當于漢語的人的集合時，附加疑問句的代詞用復數(shù)they來代替。當陳述部分的主語為everything,nothing,anything,something時，疑問句部分中的主語要用it。如nobodycametoseeme,didthey?▲如果陳述部分是I’m…結(jié)構(gòu)，附加疑問句部分一般用aren’tI.如I’mstupid,aren’tI?▲祈使句后可加一個簡短問句，使口氣變得客氣一些。Don’tforgettowalkthedogwhileIamaway,_____?canyouB.hasbeenC.doyouD.willyou十三、代詞本部分考察重點是不定代詞▲many,much,little,few都是表示數(shù)量的代詞。Many,few用作可數(shù)名詞，作主語或賓語時，可指人；much,little用作不可數(shù)名詞，作主語或賓語時指事物。▲both,either,neither用于談論兩個人或東西時使用；談到三個或更多時用all,any和none。1）AsIwasjustgetting____familiarwiththisjob,Ihadtoaskmyboss.A.manyB.mostC.moreD.much2)Youcanparkon_