華東師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院《357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)》專(zhuān)業(yè)碩士歷年考研真題及詳解

目錄

2010年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題及詳解

2011年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題及詳解

2012年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題及詳解

2013年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題及詳解

2014年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題及詳解

2015年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題及詳解

2016年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題（回憶版）（含答案）

2017年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)

真題（回憶版）（含答案）

2010年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題及詳解

一、將下列短語(yǔ)譯成漢語(yǔ)（15分）

1．GATT

【答案】關(guān)稅及貿(mào)易總協(xié)定（GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade)

2．CEO

【答案】首席執(zhí)行官

3．ASEAN

【答案】東南亞國(guó)家聯(lián)盟

4．EMS(ExpressMailSpecial)

【答案】郵政特快專(zhuān)遞

5．forcemajeure

【答案】不可抗力

6．baggageliabilitylimitations

【答案】行李賠償責(zé)任限額

7．customsclearancehouse

【答案】清關(guān)到戶(hù)

8)zerotarifftreatment

【答案】零關(guān)稅協(xié)定

9．notarypublicoffice

【答案】公證處

10．telegraphictransfer

【答案】電匯

11)registeredcapital

【答案】注冊(cè)資本

12．Ethernet

【答案】以太網(wǎng)

13．charter

【答案】憲章；章節(jié)

14．propertyinsurancecontract

【答案】財(cái)產(chǎn)保險(xiǎn)合同

15．subcontractor

【答案】承包商

二、將下列短語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)（15分）

1．董事會(huì)

【答案】boardofdirectors

2．招商引資

【答案】attract/inviteinvestments

3．中國(guó)科學(xué)院

【答案】ChineseAcademyofSciences

4．第三產(chǎn)業(yè)

【答案】tertiaryindustry

5．深加工

【答案】furtherprocessing

6．無(wú)公害蔬菜

【答案】pollution-freevegetable

7．《財(cái)富》全球論壇

【答案】theFORTUNEGlobalForum

8．知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)

【答案】intellectualproperty

9．“長(zhǎng)三角”二小時(shí)經(jīng)濟(jì)圈

【答案】thetwo-hourEconomicCircleoftheYangtzeRiverDelta

10．社會(huì)消費(fèi)品零售總額

【答案】socialretailgoods

11．上海證券交易所

【答案】SSE(ShanghaiStockExchange)

12．市政協(xié)

【答案】People'sPoliticalConsultativeCommitteeofacity

13．國(guó)家發(fā)改委

【答案】NDRC(NationalDevelopmentandReformCommission)

14．國(guó)資委

【答案】SASAC(State-ownedAssetsSupervisionandAdministration

Commission)

15．信用證

【答案】letterofcredit

三、將下列短文譯成漢語(yǔ)（60分）

PASSAGE1

Digitalcomputersareusedinmanywaystosupportengineersindesign

work.Thebroadclassoftechnologyassociatedwithsuchuseisdenoted

hereinasComputerAidedDesign(CAD).WhileearlyCADwasprimarily

directedtowardprocedures,improvedanalysisrecentdevelopmenthave

extendedCADtoincludesuchfunctionsasinteractivecomputations,

automationofdesigndecisions,tutorialassistancetodesigners,graphical

displayofresults,andmanagementofinformation.Whilethese

developmentshavebeenprincipallydisjointed,effortsarebeinginitiatedto

integratesuchfunctionsintocomprehensiveCADsystemsuchastheplanned

NASAIPADsystem.ThedefinitionanddevelopmentofintegratedCAD

systems,togetherwiththecontinuedevolutionofcomputerhardware,has

indicatedareasforimprovementincomputersciencetechnologywhichneed

tobeaddressedtomaximizethebenefitofintegratedCADsystemsandto

facilitatetheirlong-termviability.

【參考譯文】

數(shù)字計(jì)算機(jī)從多方面幫助工程師進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)工作，與這種用途有關(guān)的是一

個(gè)廣泛的技術(shù)領(lǐng)域——此處我們稱(chēng)之為計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì)(CAD)。雖然早

期的CAD主要用于改善分析過(guò)程，然而它最近的進(jìn)展已使的CAD功用

擴(kuò)大到交互運(yùn)算、設(shè)計(jì)決策自動(dòng)化、給設(shè)計(jì)師指導(dǎo)性輔助、把設(shè)計(jì)的成

果用圖象顯示出來(lái)，以及信息處理等項(xiàng)目了。盡管到目前為止這種功能

從總體上尚未連成一氣，然而人們正在努力使這些功能結(jié)合成CAD綜合

系統(tǒng)，例如已經(jīng)擬訂的美國(guó)國(guó)家航空和航天管理局宇宙飛行器設(shè)計(jì)程序

綜合系統(tǒng)(NASAIPAD)便是。CAD綜合系統(tǒng)的確定和發(fā)展，連同計(jì)算機(jī)

硬件的不斷改進(jìn)，已經(jīng)指明了計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)技術(shù)的一些方面還要改進(jìn)，方

能使CAD綜合系統(tǒng)的效益達(dá)到最佳，并促使其具有較長(zhǎng)使用壽命。

PASSAGE2

Chinahasusedmanydifferentformsoftrademarkformanyhundredsof

years.Infact,bricksontheGreatWallwerestampedwiththeproducers’

markssothatemperorscanbeassuredofthequalityandaccountability.In

mostcountries,anymeansofintellectualpropertyrightscanbesold,licensed

orinherited.Unfortunately,almosteverywhere,itcanalsobestolen.Today,

intellectualpropertypiracyandcounterfeitingarerobbingandendangering

Chineseartists,innovators,businessesandconsumers.Intellectualproperty

protectionisnotaluxuryfortherich.Itiswhatinspirestechnological

advances,protectsusformdangerousproductsandcreatesculturaland

economicwealtharoundtheworldforcountriesatalllevelsofdevelopment.

Eachyear,nearly7%ofworldtradeisinpiratedandcounterfeitproducts.

Someofthesecounterfeitproductscaninjureandevenkillpeople.Fake

automobilebrakes,airplaneparts,infantmilkformulaandmedicinearesold

byunscrupulousmanufacturesanddealerswhoprofitfromconsumers’lack

ofawarenessandfailuretounderstandtheimportanceofbuyinglegitimate

products.Manyofthesecriminalsarenotjustlocalstreetvenders,butalso

organizedcriminalgroups.Someoftheseproductscanalsodestroyanentire

industry.Forexample,HongKong’slegendaryfilmstudioshavetakena

beatingaspiratescontinuetostealtheirmoviesandsellfakeDVDs.The

studiosareleftwithlittleincometoinvestinnewfilmsandactors.Themusic

industryisalsoaffected.IllegaldownloadingfromtheInternetand

counterfeitCDsarestealingthemusicandthelivelihoodsofthesetalented

artistsandpreventingnewartistsfromemerging.

【參考譯文】

中國(guó)使用過(guò)形形色色的商標(biāo)，已經(jīng)有幾百年的商標(biāo)歷史了。事實(shí)上，長(zhǎng)

城的磚頭上面就烙刻了生產(chǎn)者的標(biāo)志，以便皇帝對(duì)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更放心。在

大部分國(guó)家，任何種類(lèi)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)都可以出售、注冊(cè)或者繼承。不幸的

是，在幾乎每個(gè)地方，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)會(huì)遭到盜竊。今天，知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的盜版和

偽造正在掠奪和危及中國(guó)的藝術(shù)家、創(chuàng)意者、企業(yè)以及消費(fèi)者。保護(hù)知

識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)不是富人的奢侈，而是鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新的動(dòng)力，可以讓人免于遭到危險(xiǎn)

產(chǎn)品的傷害，創(chuàng)造文化和經(jīng)濟(jì)財(cái)富，使得全球不同發(fā)展水平的國(guó)家受

益。每年，世界上7%的貿(mào)易都是盜版和冒牌產(chǎn)品。有一些假冒品會(huì)傷

及人類(lèi)，甚至致人于死地。假冒的汽車(chē)剎車(chē)、飛機(jī)零件、嬰兒奶粉和藥

品都有一些毫無(wú)良知的制造商和代理商在銷(xiāo)售。他們得益于人們的保護(hù)

意識(shí)不強(qiáng)，沒(méi)能認(rèn)識(shí)到買(mǎi)正品的重要性。這些罪犯中的很多人不僅僅是

街上的小販，而是有組織的犯罪團(tuán)伙。有些假冒產(chǎn)品甚至?xí)У粽麄€(gè)行

業(yè)。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，香港傳奇式的電影工業(yè)遭到了盜版的打擊，因?yàn)楸I版

DVD不斷猖獗。電影公司沒(méi)有什么收入來(lái)投資新的影片和演員。音樂(lè)產(chǎn)

業(yè)也收到了波及，從網(wǎng)上的非法下載以及盜版CD盜竊了音樂(lè)人的勞動(dòng)

成果，讓他們無(wú)以為繼，毀掉了才華橫溢的藝術(shù)家的生活，也制止了新

人的出現(xiàn)。

四、將下列短文譯成英語(yǔ)（60分）

從1984年我國(guó)體育代表團(tuán)在洛杉磯奧運(yùn)會(huì)上首次實(shí)現(xiàn)金牌零的突破，到

本屆雅典奧運(yùn)會(huì)我國(guó)體育代表團(tuán)躍居金牌榜第二位，我國(guó)競(jìng)技體育年年

都有進(jìn)步，屆屆都有提高。到本屆奧運(yùn)會(huì)結(jié)束為止，我國(guó)體育健兒在夏

季奧運(yùn)會(huì)上，共奪取112枚金牌，這是一個(gè)了不起的成績(jī)。人們高興地

看到，一代又一代的體育健兒，肩負(fù)著祖國(guó)和人民的希望，胸懷壯志，

頑強(qiáng)拼搏，以非凡的勇氣和驕人的戰(zhàn)績(jī)不斷攀登世界體育高峰，充分證

明了中華民族具有自立于世界民族之林的能力。各族人民衷心希望中國(guó)

體育健兒繼續(xù)發(fā)揚(yáng)勝不驕、敗不餒的精神，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，增強(qiáng)斗志，再接

再厲，不斷提高自身素質(zhì)和競(jìng)技水平，促進(jìn)我國(guó)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的全面均衡發(fā)

展，為促進(jìn)奧林匹克事業(yè)的發(fā)展，為實(shí)現(xiàn)中華民族的偉大復(fù)興作出新的

更大貢獻(xiàn)。

【參考譯文】

FromtheChinesesportsdelegationgotthefirstgoldmedalonLosAngeles

OlympicGamesin1984,totheAthensOlympicGamesourChinesesports

delegationrankstosecondplaceonthemedaltable,competitivesportslevel

ofourcountryhasimprovedeveryyear.TotheendoftheOlympicGames,

ChineseathletesinthesummerOlympicGameshaveachievedatotalof112

goldmedals,whichisagreatachievement.Wearepleasedtoseethat

generationsofathletesshoulderthemotherland’sandpeople’shopesand

climbthesportspeakwithambitions,remarkablecourageandimpressive

records,bothofwhichfullyprovesthattheChinahastheabilitytostayalone

amongtheworld.Thepeopleofallethnicgroupssincerelyhopethatour

athletescancontinuetocarryonthespiritof“Don'tbeproudwhenyouwin;

don'tbedownheartedwhenyoufail.”Theyhadbettersumupexperience,

enhancemorale,makepersistentefforts,andconstantlyimprovetheir

qualitiesandcompetitivelevelstopromotetheoverallbalanceofChinese

sportsdevelopment,topromotetheOlympicdevelopmentandtomake

greatercontributiontothegreatrejuvenationoftheChinesenation.

2011年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題及詳解

I.PhraseTranslation

1．OEM

【答案】原始設(shè)備制造商(OriginalEquipmentManufacturer)

2．FTP

【答案】文件傳輸協(xié)議(filetransferprotocol)

3．ShippingOrder

【答案】裝貨單；訂艙單

4．ETA

【答案】預(yù)計(jì)到達(dá)時(shí)間(estimatedtimeofarrival)

5．Consignee

【答案】收件人；受托人

6CPI

【答案】消費(fèi)物價(jià)指數(shù)(Consumerpriceindex)

7．DPI

【答案】每英寸點(diǎn)數(shù)(dotsperinch);分辨率

8．EMF

【答案】歐洲貨幣基金(EuropeanMonetaryFund)

9．ExchangeRateMechanism

【答案】匯率機(jī)制

10．FinancialYear

【答案】財(cái)政年度

11．ICB

【答案】國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性招標(biāo)(internationalcompetitivebidding)

12．OPEC

【答案】石油輸出國(guó)組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)

13．APEC

【答案】亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織(Asia-PacificEconomicCooperation)

14．CAAC

【答案】中國(guó)民用航空局(CivilAviationAdministrationOfChina)

15．AID

【答案】國(guó)際開(kāi)發(fā)總署(AgencyforInternationalDevelopment)

16．宏觀(guān)調(diào)控

【答案】macro-control

17．信訪(fǎng)辦

【答案】Complaintsoffice

18．做好就業(yè)、社保等方面的工作

【答案】delivergoodresultsintermsofemployment,socialsecurity,etc.

19．促進(jìn)流通業(yè)發(fā)展

【答案】PromotingtheDevelopmentoftheCirculationIndustry

20．事業(yè)單位

【答案】publicinstitution

21．提高出生人口質(zhì)量

【答案】improvethehealthofnewborns;advancethepopulationquality

22．創(chuàng)新型國(guó)家

【答案】innovation-orientedcountry

23．優(yōu)化經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)

【答案】optimizetheeconomicstructure

24．建設(shè)社會(huì)主義新農(nóng)村

【答案】buildinganewsocialistcountryside

25．農(nóng)業(yè)政策的穩(wěn)定性

【答案】Thestabilityofagriculturalpolicy

26．全面建設(shè)小康社會(huì)

【答案】buildamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinallaspects

27．基層民主

【答案】democracyatthegrassrootslevel;grass-rootsdemocracy

28．糧食安全

【答案】foodsecurity

29．社會(huì)事業(yè)

【答案】socialundertaking

30．農(nóng)民工

【答案】migrantworkers

II.EnglishtoChinesetranslation

Thisbookis,inessence,ausersguidetoacademiclife,conceivedforthose

consideringtakingupacareerinthetraditionalacademicdisciplinesseniors

incollege,perhaps,orothersthinkingaboutgoingintograduateschoolas

wellasthosewhohavealreadystartedoutalongthatpath,whichistosay,

menandwomenworkingonaPh.Dandthosealreadywithappointmentsas

assistantprofessorsatcollegeorauniversity.Someofourremarksmayalso

beofinteresttoothersaswell:seniorprofessorswhoareinterestedinother

perspectivesontheacademicscene,confusedandbewhereparentsofjunior

academics,professionaladvisors,spousesofgraduatestudentsandjunior

faculty,andlaymeninterestedinlearningaboutthemysteriesofacademic.

ForeignstudentswhoarethinkingaboutacquiringanAmericangraduate

schooleducationwillcertainlyprofitfromreadingthisbook.

Ourbackgroundsareinthehumanitiesandthesocialsciences,andourviews

naturallyreflectourownexperiences,observations,andwhatwehave

learnedinthecourseofourcareers.Webelievethereissufficientoverlap

amongthevariousacademicdisciplinestomakevalidgeneralizations

possible.Asteachers,wehaveoftenbeenaskedtoofferadviceoverandover

again.We’vewrittenthisbookinresponsetowhatwefeltwasarealneedfor

information.Wechosetheformatofanextendedconversation,muchlike

conversationsthatwehaveactuallyhadonmanyoccasionswiththosewho

havesoughtusouttodiscusstheiraspirations,hopes,fears,andproblems.

Thequestion-and-answerformatemphasizesthatwearespeakinginthis

bookmuchaswewouldduringourofficehoursorovercoffeeinthe

departmentallounge.Althoughthequestionsinboldfaceareour

constructions,forthemostparttheyarequestionswe’veoftenheardorcan

imagineourreadersmightwanttoaskiftheycould.

——PrefacetoTheChicagoGuidetoYourAcademicCareer

【參考譯文】

本書(shū)是一部學(xué)術(shù)人生的導(dǎo)航，為那些想在傳統(tǒng)學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域里擁有一席之地

的人所作一一比如大學(xué)四年級(jí)學(xué)生，或是考慮進(jìn)入研究生院深造的人；

當(dāng)然也為幫助那些在學(xué)術(shù)之路上已有開(kāi)端的人們，例如正在攻讀的博

士生和即將履新的大學(xué)助理教授。我們的某些觀(guān)點(diǎn)或許對(duì)其他人也有所

幫助：對(duì)看待學(xué)術(shù)界的不同視角感興趣的資深教授、不太了解學(xué)術(shù)生涯

為何物的青年學(xué)者的父母、職業(yè)生涯規(guī)劃導(dǎo)師、研究生和青年教師的配

偶，以及意欲探究學(xué)術(shù)圈奧秘的局外人。當(dāng)然，對(duì)于想獲得美國(guó)研究生

學(xué)位的外國(guó)學(xué)生，本書(shū)一定也不會(huì)讓他們失望。

我們學(xué)習(xí)的都是人文科學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)，我們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)很自然地就反應(yīng)了我

們的經(jīng)歷、觀(guān)察能力還有我們?cè)趯W(xué)業(yè)課程中學(xué)到的知識(shí)。我們相信在繁

多的學(xué)術(shù)原則中會(huì)有很多重合之處，使得學(xué)術(shù)一般化變成可能。作為老

師，學(xué)生們經(jīng)常一遍又一遍地向我們咨詢(xún)。我們寫(xiě)這本書(shū)就是為了說(shuō)明

我們的建議（對(duì)于學(xué)生而言）確實(shí)是必要的。我們選擇了一種交談的延

伸模式，就像是很多人找我們聊他們的抱負(fù)、希望、恐懼和麻煩一樣的

談話(huà)模式。本書(shū)中的問(wèn)答模式和我們平時(shí)在辦公室或者休息室中強(qiáng)調(diào)的

一樣多。雖然我們的布局是把問(wèn)題用粗體字標(biāo)出來(lái)，但這些問(wèn)題也是我

們經(jīng)常聽(tīng)到或者是讀者想問(wèn)的。

——《芝加哥學(xué)術(shù)生涯規(guī)劃》

III.Writeasummaryofthefollowingstoryin150-200Chinesecharacter.

(20points)

Beijing’sFocusonFoodPricesIgnoresBroaderInflationRisk

ByKEITHBRADSHER

HONGKONG—ChinatookstepsWednesdaytocontrolrisingpricesatthe

mostbasicconsumerlevel.ButBeijingfacesaseverechallengeinpreventing

higherglobalcommoditypricesfromignitingbroaderinflationthatcould

threatenChina’sstreakofpowerfuleconomicgrowth.

Withpricesrisingthisautumnformanycommoditieslikesugarandcotton,

thecountry’scabinetannouncedonWednesdayeveningthatitwouldimpose

pricecontrolsonfood,introducesubsidiesfortheneedyandincreasethe

availabilityoffuelsupplies.

Sofar,theinflationinconsumergoodsinChinahasbeenlargelyconfinedto

foodandenergy,andgovernmentpolicymakerswanttokeepitthatway.But

avoidingmoregeneralinflationcouldprovedifficult.

Andintermsofeconomicdiplomacy,themeasuresannouncedWednesday

werealmostpreciselytheoppositeofthestepstheObamaadministrationand

manyWesterneconomistshavebeenurgingBeijingtotake.

China’sbroadlymeasuredmoneysupplyhassurgedinthelasttwoyears,

soaring54percentasitscentralbankhassupportedtheexporteconomyby

interveningincurrencymarketstokeeptherenminbiartificiallylow.

ConsiderablecashisalsosloshingaroundtheChineseeconomybecauseof

twoyearsofextremelyheavylendingbystate-ownedbankstofinancea

highlysuccessfuleconomicstimulusprogramthathasreturnedthecountryto

double-digitgrowth.

ButChina’sleadersarenowclearlyworriedabouttheinflationaryside

effectsofthosefinancialpolicies.Thepremier,WenJiabao,hastoured

southernChinaoverthelastweekandwasshownonnationaltelevisionlate

Tuesdaynightexpressingconcernaboutrisingfoodpricesandpromisingthat

thegovernmentwouldtakeaction.

ZhouXiaochuan,thegovernorofthecentralbank,hadsaidearlieron

Tuesdaythattheamountofmoneyracingthroughtheglobaleconomywas

puttingpressureonemergingeconomiesthatwanttocontrolinflation.And

YaoJian,acommerceministryspokesman,saidatapressconferenceon

Tuesdaythatthegovernmentwouldtightenscrutinyofforeigninvestmentso

astopreventtoomuchmoneyfrompouringintoChinaasforeigninvestors

seekhigherreturnsthanarecurrentlyavailableintheWest.

ImposingpricecontrolsandotheradministrativecontrolsontheChinese

economyrunscountertothestepsrecommendedbymanyWesternexperts.

TheyhavesuggestedthatChinashouldfurtherderegulateitseconomy,letthe

renminbiappreciateandotherwiserelyonmarketforcestotameinflation.

ThestandardpolicyprescriptionfromWashingtonhasbeenthatChina

shouldraiseinterestrates,asawaytoslowinvestmentandpreventthe

economyfromoverheating.AndAmericanpolicymakersfromPresident

ObamadownhavearguedthatifChinawouldlettherenminbiriseagainst

thedollar,oilandothercommoditieswouldbelessexpensiveinChina,

helpingtotameinflation.ButBeijinghasresisted,inlargepartbecause

Washington’sprescribedmedicinewouldreducethepricecompetitivenessof

ChineseexportstotheUnitedStatesandelsewhere.

Still,evenasChinaisziggingwhenWashingtonwouldratheritzag,some

corporateeconomistsarecautiouslyoptimisticthatChinamaybeableto

tameinflationwithitsapproach—fornow,atleast.

“Giventhatfoodpricesarespearheadingimmediateinflationarypressures,

supply-sidemeasuresshouldbemoreeffectivethanratehikes,”QuHongbin,

theco-headofAsianeconomicsresearchattheinternationalbankHSBC,

wroteinaresearchnoteonWednesdaynight.“There’snoneedtopanic,as

Beijinghasmorethanenougheffectivepolicyoptionstocombatinflation.”

Andyet,whiletheremaybelimitstoChina’sabilitytokeepalidon

inflation,itisbetterpreparedthanmanycountriestocopewithrisingworld

commodityprices.ThatisbecauseChinaisself-sufficientinmostfoods,has

anenormoustradesurplusandhasaccumulatedcopiousforeignreservesthat

reached$2.65trillionattheendofSeptember.

Incontrast,theUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationwarnedon

Wednesdaythatfoodimportbillswereup10percentthisyearfortheworld’s

poorestcountries.

ButmanyeconomistsweresurprisedbytheacceleratedinflationinChina

thattheNationalBureauofStatisticsdisclosedinBeijinglastweek.Overall

consumerpriceswere4.4percenthigherlastmonththanayearearlier.

Chineseleadershaverepeatedlymadeclearovertheyearsthatfighting

inflationisatoppriority,becauseitcouldfuelsocialunrest.Andtheyhave

publiclysetatargetofnotallowingtheannualincreaseinconsumerpricesto

reach5percentagain.Itpeakedat8.5percentinthespringof2008.

Iffoodandenergypricesareremovedfromtheconsumerpriceindex,the

pricesforeverythingelseareuponly1.3percentfromayearearlier,

accordingtothegovernment.Butthatisnotnecessarilyareassuringmeasure,

someeconomistssuggest.

ChineseandWesterneconomistsworrythattheChinesepriceindexmay

underestimateinflationseparatefromfoodandenergy.TheChineseindex

haslongstandingmethodologicalproblems—likemeasuringapartmentrents

butnotthecostofbuyingandlivinginanapartment,whichhassoaredin

recentyears.

Whileclimbingfoodandenergypricesareaglobalproblem,theyparticularly

affectlower-incomecountrieslikeChina,wheresuchnecessitiesclaimafar

largershareofhouseholdincomesthaninmoreaffluentnations.China’s

consumerpriceindex,whichisbasedmainlyonurbanspendingpatterns,

assumesthatgroceriesrepresentathirdofafamily’sspending.

ThatisextremelyhighbyWesternstandards.AnditshowshowfarChina

muststillgotocreatethekindofbroad-basedconsumersocietythat

AmericanofficialsrecommendandthatChineseleaderssaytheywantto

adoptinthelongterminplaceoftheircurrentexport-ledmodel.Inthe

UnitedStates,groceriesrepresentonly8percentoftheConsumerPrice

Index.

TheStateCouncil,China’scabinetofministers,decidedonWednesdaythat

itwouldstabilizepricesforgrain,oil,sugarandcottoninparticular,

accordingtoastatementonagovernmentWebsite.TheStateCouncilalso

saidthatthegovernmentwouldmakesurethatmoredieselreachedfilling

stations,tofueltrucks,andthatutilitypowerstationshadamplesuppliesof

coal.

Thehighpricesandrelativescarcityofdieselfuelhaveresultedinpartfrom

itsusebyfactories,whichhavebeenburningitinbackyardgeneratorsas

powercompanieshavecutbackelectricitygenerationtomeetnationaltargets

forlimitingenergyconsumption.

Meanwhile,utilitieshavestruggledtobuyenoughcoalbecausethe

governmentrequirescoalminestosellittopowercompaniesatlow,

regulatedprices.Themines,ofcourse,prefertoselltheircoalathigherprices

ontheopenmarket.

Lastweek,inanothermoveagainstinflation,Beijingorderedcommercial

bankstoputmoreoftheirassetsinlow-yieldaccountsatthecentralbank.

Themeasure,anincreaseintheso-calledreserverequirement,wasmeantto

coolafrenzyoflendingoverthelasttwoyearsthathaspricedurbanreal

estatebeyondthereachofmostworking-classfamilies.

LiangHuoqiao,a22-year-oldplasticsworker,saidinaninterviewearlierthis

yearinGuangzhouinsouthernChinathathispaywasrising10percenta

year,toaround$300amonth.Buthisentireannualpaywouldbeenoughto

buyonlyabouttwosquaremetersofanapartment,or21.5squarefeet.

Soheplannedtobuyacarassoonaspossible,andworryaboutahomelater.

【參考答案】

中國(guó)政府采取措施以調(diào)控基本消費(fèi)品價(jià)格的不斷上漲。如引發(fā)更大范圍

的通脹，勢(shì)必威脅中國(guó)強(qiáng)勁的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，北京將面臨嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)。中國(guó)應(yīng)

當(dāng)提高利率，以為減少投資和防止經(jīng)濟(jì)過(guò)熱。來(lái)自?shī)W巴馬政府的政策制

定者認(rèn)為，如果中國(guó)如讓人民幣對(duì)美元升值，石油和其他大宗商品在中

國(guó)的價(jià)格將能變得便宜一些，這有助于克服通貨膨脹。但北京拒絕了這

一建議，部分原因在于華盛頓開(kāi)出的藥方會(huì)減少中國(guó)出口到美國(guó)和其他

一些國(guó)家的商品的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。中國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)付通脹是中國(guó)今年全

年的首要任務(wù)，因?yàn)橥洉?huì)帶來(lái)社會(huì)的不穩(wěn)定。

IV.ChinesetoEnglishtranslation

旅客似乎是十分輕松的人，實(shí)際上卻相當(dāng)辛苦。旅客不用上班，卻必須

受時(shí)間的約束;愛(ài)做什么就做什么，卻必須受錢(qián)包的限制;愛(ài)去哪里就去

哪里，卻必須把幾件行李蝸牛殼一般帶在身上。旅客最可怕的噩夢(mèng)，是

錢(qián)和證件一起遺失，淪為來(lái)歷不明的乞丐。旅客最難把握的東西，便是

氣候。

我現(xiàn)在就是這樣的旅客。從西班牙南端一直旅行到英國(guó)的北端，我經(jīng)歷

了各樣的氣候，已經(jīng)到了寒暑不侵的境界。此刻我正坐在中世紀(jì)古堡改

裝的旅館里，為讀者寫(xiě)稿，剛剛黎明，濕灰灰的云下是蘇格蘭中部荒莽

的林木，林外是隱隱的青山。曉寒襲人，我坐在厚達(dá)尺許的石墻里，穿

了一件毛衣，如果要走下回旋長(zhǎng)梯像走下古堡之腸，去坡下的野徑漫步

尋幽，還得披上一件夠厚的外套。

——選自余光中《西歐的夏天》第一二段

【張培基譯文】

SummerinWesternEurope

YuGuangzhong

Light-heartedasheseems,atravelerisinfactundergreatstress.Thoughon

vacation,heisneverthelesssubjecttotherestraintoftime.Hecando

whateverhelikesonthetrip,buthehastokeeptheexpenditurewithinthe

limitsofhispocket.Whereverhegoes,hehastotakewithhimhis

cumbersomehandluggage.Hefacesthemosthorriblepossibilityoflosing

hismoneyandcredentials,whichwillreducehimselftoapauperofunknown

background.And,besides,hecanneverbesureoftheweather.

That’swhatI’mlikenow.I’vetraveledallthewayfromthesoutherntipof

SpaintothenortherntipofEngland,experiencingavarietyofclimatesuntil

I’vebecomeapathetictotheelements.I’mnowsittinginamedievalcastle

turnedhotel,writinganarticleformyreaders.Thedayisjustdawning.In

CentralScotland,thereliesunderthegraywetcloudsawildwoodedregion,

beyondwhichagreenmountainstandsfaintlyvisible.Inthechillyairofthe

earlymorning,Ihavetobedressedinawoolensweaterwhilesittingona

stonewallonefootonthickness.ButIneed,inaddition,anoutergarmentto

keepmewarmincaseIcomedownthespiralstaircase-theintestinesofthe

castle-totakeastrollalonganunfrequentedpathdownthemountainslopein

searchofsecludedplacesofquietbeauty.

2012年華東師范大學(xué)357英語(yǔ)翻譯基礎(chǔ)真題及詳解

I.PhraseTranslation

1．Billofexchange

【答案】匯票

2．CBD

【答案】中央商務(wù)區(qū)(centerofbusinessdistrict)

3．CCPIT

【答案】中國(guó)國(guó)際貿(mào)易促進(jìn)委員會(huì)(ChinaCouncilforthePromotionof

InternationalTrade)

4．Headoffice

【答案】總部

5．OPEC

【答案】石油輸出國(guó)組織(OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries)

6．Knockoutproduct

【答案】拳頭產(chǎn)品

7．Emergencyroom

【答案】急診室

8．Pediatricintensivecareunit

【答案】?jī)嚎浦匕Y室

9．outpatientsurgicalcenter

【答案】門(mén)診手術(shù)中心

10．Cardiology

【答案】心臟病學(xué)

11．Ophthalmology

【答案】眼科學(xué)

12．Illegalforeignexchangetransaction

【答案】非法外匯交易

13．Foreignexchangerevenueandspending

【答案】外匯收支

14．Netizen

【答案】網(wǎng)民

15．Thee-business

【答案】電子商務(wù)

16．人文交流

【答案】culturalandeducationalexchanges

17．法人

【答案】LegalPerson

18．大型實(shí)景歌舞演出

【答案】real-scenemusicalextravaganza

19．廉租房

【答案】low-renthouse

20．經(jīng)適房

【答案】affordablehousing

21．人才戰(zhàn)略

【答案】talentstrategy

22．科教興國(guó)戰(zhàn)略和人才強(qiáng)國(guó)戰(zhàn)略

【答案】thestrategiesofreinvigoratingChinathroughscienceand

educationandstrengtheningthenationthroughhumanresourcedevelopment

23．服務(wù)種類(lèi)

【答案】TypeofService

24．資源調(diào)配

【答案】resourceallocation

25．激發(fā)內(nèi)在經(jīng)濟(jì)活力

【答案】stimulatethevitalityoftheeconomy

26．公務(wù)接待費(fèi)

【答案】officialreceptions

27．新型農(nóng)村社會(huì)養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)

【答案】newold-ageinsurancesystemforruralresidents

28．農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通體系

【答案】circulationsystemforfarmproduct

29．載人航天

【答案】mannedspaceflight

30．違法征地拆遷

【答案】illegallandexpropriationsandhousingdemolitions

II.Passagetranslation

SectionATranslatetheunderlinedsentencestoChinese

PennyGold:Forthreepeoplethrowntogetherbychance,it’sinterestingthat

weallhavespentpartofourlivesattheUniversityofChicago-measan

undergraduatestudent,JohnKomlosasagraduatestudent,andJohn

Goldsmithasaprofessor.Andthethreeofusarecloseinageandinthetypes

ofdisciplineschosen-Iamalsoahistorian,withadditionalgraduatetraining

inliteratureandarthistory.Alargedifferenceamongus,however,isthatmy

teachingcareerhasbeenprimarilyatasmallliberalartscollege(Knox

College),aninstitutionthatputsitsstrongestemphasisonteaching,even

whileresearchisencouragedandexpected.I’malsofemaleandbeganmy

careerduringaperiodoftimeinwhichwomenwerejustbeginningtheenter

academiainsignificantnumbers;thishasbeenaformativeinfluenceonmy

lifeintheacademyandinmyattitudestowardit.

Ienteredgraduateschoolwithoutaclearcommitmenttoprofessional

training.Inthefalltermofmysenioryear,lwassuddenlycaughtupinmy

studiesbyaserendipitousconcatenationofcoursesinmedievalstudiesand

culturalhistory,andIjustwantedtokeeplearning.IthappenedthatStanford,

whereIchosetogo,wasgivingfullfundingforfouryearstoallentering

historygraduatestudentsatthattime(thankstogenerousfundingfromthe

FordFoundation,whichwas-unsuccessfully,itturnsout-tryingtospeed

completionofPh.D.s),soIpaidnothingforgraduateeducation,nordidIhave

togointodebt.Thefirstyearofgraduateschoolwasquiteashock,andifI

hadbeenspendingthousandsofdollarsofmyownmoney.I’mnotsureI

wouldhavestayedinschool.Butintheend,Iwasverygladthefinancial

supportenticedmetostay,helpingmethrougharoughtransition.While

Stanfordthengaveitsgraduatestudentsnoinstructioninteaching(a

situationnowchanged),Ihadthegoodfortunetoexperienceexcellent

mentoringwhileIwasthere,IandunlikeJohnKomlosandJohnGoldsmith,I

llearnedagreatdealduringgraduateschoolabouthowtheacademyworks.

MyadvisorbeginninghisfirstjobasaprofessorinthesameyearIbegan

graduateschoolandIlearnedmuchfromhimaboutthedemands,pleasures,I

andprecariousnessofacademiclife.AnotherprofessorIworkedcloselywith

wasdeniedtenurewhileIwasinmythirdyear;Icontributedalettertoher

successfulappealandlearnedagooddealaboutacademicvaluesand

processesalongtheway.IwasatStanfordintheearlyyearsofthewoman

movement(1969-74),andmyinvolvementintheHistoryGraduateStudents

Women’sCaucuswasalsoacruciallearningexperience.Thedepartmentat

Stanfordhadonlyonefemaleprofessoratthetime,aHarvardPh.D,who,

becauseofnepotismrules(herhusbandhadapositioninanother

department),waslimitedtoanon-tenure-trackadjunctappointment.When

thiswomanresigned,theWomen’Caucusorganizedanefforttopersuadethe

departmenttohireawomenforetenure-trackappointment.Wetalked,we

wroteletters,andwesucceeded.AnotherstudentandIweremembersofthe

searchcommitteethatresulted.IthinkIlearnedmoreabouthowtheacademy

works,andhowonecanworktochangeit,inthatoneyearsthaninmanyof

therest.Also,withinthisearlycohortofwomenintheacademy,therewass

strongsenseofsolidarity,amongstbothgraduatestudentsandfaculty,within

andacrossinstitutions.Weknewweneededtofigureoutallwecouldabout

academicinstitutions.Weknewweneededtofigureoutallwecouldabout

academicinstitutionsandproceduresinordertomakeitasnewcomers,and

wehelpedeachotheroutasbestwecould.Oftenwithoutaccesstothe“old

boy”networks,wefounded“newgirl”networks,andthesehavebeena

crucialsourceofsupport,andhelptomeovertheyear.

——FromChicagoGuidetoYourAcademicCareer

【參考譯文】

佩妮·戈?duì)柕拢喝齻€(gè)人偶然湊到了一起，有趣的是我們都在芝加哥大學(xué)

度過(guò)了一段學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)光——我是本科生，約翰·孔洛斯是研究生，約翰·戈

德史密斯是教授。我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人年齡相仿，而且選的學(xué)科也很相似。我是

歷史研究者，在文學(xué)和藝術(shù)歷史方面參加了額外的研究生培訓(xùn)。然而，

我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人最大的不同就是我的教書(shū)生涯最初是從一個(gè)小的文科院校

（諾克斯學(xué)院）——一所即便是鼓勵(lì)搞研究，但更著重強(qiáng)調(diào)教學(xué)的院

校。作為女性，在別的女性才剛剛開(kāi)始進(jìn)入學(xué)術(shù)界，人數(shù)還寥寥無(wú)幾之

時(shí)，我就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始我的教學(xué)生涯有一段時(shí)間了；這段經(jīng)歷給我對(duì)專(zhuān)科院

校的態(tài)度有了改變，并影響了我的生活。

在我進(jìn)入研究生院校學(xué)習(xí)之時(shí)，并沒(méi)有明確被告知有專(zhuān)業(yè)的培訓(xùn)。在大

四下學(xué)期上課之時(shí)，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了中世紀(jì)研究與文化歷史之間的聯(lián)系，

從此便癡迷于此，我也只是想繼續(xù)深入學(xué)習(xí)。事有湊巧，我選擇要去的

斯坦福大學(xué)那時(shí)正好給進(jìn)入歷史學(xué)系的研究生四年全額的補(bǔ)助（多虧了

福特基金會(huì)的慷慨資助，但后來(lái)該基金會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)不是很好，所以被資助的

博士生只能加緊完成學(xué)業(yè)），（慶幸的是）我不用付研究生費(fèi)用，也不

必承擔(dān)債務(wù)。研究生的第一年是給我?guī)?lái)不小的震動(dòng)，如果我當(dāng)初自己

支付了這幾千美元（我就肯定不用離開(kāi)）。現(xiàn)在我不知道我是不是還能

繼續(xù)留在學(xué)校讀書(shū)。但最后，我還是很高興財(cái)政上的自助使我留了下

來(lái)，大概幫助我做了一個(gè)過(guò)渡。然而斯坦福大學(xué)那時(shí)并不對(duì)學(xué)生在教學(xué)

上有所指導(dǎo)（現(xiàn)在這種情況已經(jīng)改變），但有幸在那兒我接受到了杰出

人士的經(jīng)驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)。和孔洛斯和戈德史密斯不一樣，我在研究生階段才了

解了學(xué)院是如何運(yùn)作的。我的導(dǎo)師也是在我開(kāi)始研究生學(xué)習(xí)的第一年才

開(kāi)始他的第一份工作，從他那里學(xué)到很多有關(guān)學(xué)術(shù)生活中的需求、愉快

和不穩(wěn)定。另一位關(guān)系跟我比較好的教授在我大三的時(shí)候被停職了；我

幫她寫(xiě)了一封很成功的解釋信，在這段時(shí)間里我也；了解到很多學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)

值和做研究的過(guò)程。女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)（1969—1974）初期那段時(shí)間，我在斯坦

福讀書(shū)，然后參加了研究生女性干部學(xué)會(huì)，這對(duì)我而言也是很重要的一

次學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷。

——《芝加哥學(xué)術(shù)生涯規(guī)劃》

SectionBChinesetoEnglish

除非是研究近代史的，很少人會(huì)知道中俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后，從本世紀(jì)初英國(guó)即與

日本結(jié)為同盟。這一特殊關(guān)系一直延續(xù)到一九四一年的“珍珠港事變”。

這期間，英國(guó)老百姓自然始終堅(jiān)定地站在中國(guó)這一邊。我先是在“七七

事變”頭一年就有所察覺(jué)。當(dāng)時(shí)上海還有租界，而大公報(bào)館無(wú)論在津、

滬、港，都始終位于洋人管轄的地方。事變前的一年——一九三六年，

《大公報(bào)》就由于我發(fā)表的陳白塵一個(gè)劇本中多處提到“×洋人”，而三

次被英、日控制的工部局傳到法院，最終還是由于事先打了叉叉而沒(méi)坐

牢。

三八年至三九年間，我在香港《大公報(bào)》編文藝副刊時(shí)，因所登的稿件

而與英國(guó)新聞審查官起沖突的事，更是屢見(jiàn)不鮮。說(shuō)是“沖突”，其實(shí)，

他是主子。在送審的校樣上他隨便打個(gè)紅叉，我就只好抽調(diào)。

——選自《說(shuō)起香港》——蕭乾著作

【張培基譯】

AboutHongKong

—XiaoQian

Mostpeople,apartfromthosefamiliarwithmodernhistory,areunawarethat

asearlyastheturnofthecentury(aft