高中英語ving形式用法講解

Grammarv.-ing形式動(dòng)名詞：v.-ing形式作主語，賓語，表語1動(dòng)名詞的形式、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和短語。2動(dòng)名詞作主語。4動(dòng)名詞作表語3動(dòng)名詞作賓語。1)一般式主動(dòng)（not）writing2)一般式被動(dòng)（not）beingwritten3)達(dá)成式主動(dòng)（not）havingwritten4)達(dá)成式被動(dòng)（not）havingbeenwritten動(dòng)名詞的形式:以write為例1)名詞所有格+動(dòng)名詞：Tom’swriting2)名詞普通格+動(dòng)名詞：Tomwriting3)形容詞性代詞+動(dòng)名詞：hiswriting4)人稱代詞賓格+動(dòng)名詞：himwriting動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞短語：動(dòng)名詞和自己的賓語和狀語speakingaloudreadingthetextaloudgoingtobedattenlastnight1）動(dòng)名詞直接位于句首做主語2動(dòng)名詞作主語三種情況2）it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞真切主語放在句尾，但句子形式有限制，做表語的只能是一些形容詞或名詞，大多半組成固定句式。3）Therebe+no+動(dòng)名詞.1）Readingaloudisveryimportanttous1）動(dòng)名詞作主語置于句首：2）Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.3）FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.LearningEnglishisveryimportantforus.Talkingiseasierthandoing.Takingnaturalmaterialsoutoftherubbishandusingthemagainiscalledrecycling.Playingtricksonothersissomethingwethinkimpolite.動(dòng)名詞短語作主語常用it作形式主語，把動(dòng)名詞短語放在句末。2）it作形式主語代替動(dòng)名詞Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisconsideredtobeagoodhabit.Itisconsideredtobeagoodhabitgoingtobedearlyandgettingupearly2.Takingnaturalmaterialsoutoftherubbishandusingthemagainiscalledrecycling.Itiscalledrecyclingtakingnaturalmaterialsoutoftherubbishandusingthemagain鑒別主語（形式主語和真切主語)Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.Itisdangerousstandinginthemiddleofthestreet.Isitworthwhilequarrellingwithher?It’snogoodwaitinghere.Let’sgohome.it作形式主語的幾個(gè)習(xí)慣句型：Itisnousedoing…Itisuselessdoing…Itisnogooddoing…Itisfundoing…Itisworthwhiledoing…Itisawasteoftimedoing…Itispleasantdoing…“Thereis+no”后能夠用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語，表示“沒法……”。3）Therebe+no+動(dòng)名詞.Therewasnotellingwhenthismightappenagain.沒法預(yù)料這樣的事什么時(shí)候會(huì)再發(fā)生。Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.他能做什么很難說。1）及物動(dòng)詞賓語3動(dòng)名詞作賓語2）介詞賓語3）it作形式賓語，代替動(dòng)名詞4）接doing的動(dòng)詞5）接todo的動(dòng)詞6）接doing又可接todo的動(dòng)詞1）及物動(dòng)詞賓語Edisonneverstoppedsearchingfornewandbetterwaystodothings.Wouldyoumindopeningthewindow?Hegaveupteachingonlytwoyearsago.2）介詞賓語Sincethen,hehasdevotedhislifetofindingwaystogrowmoreandmorerice.Hesearchedforawaytoincreasericeharvestswithoutexpandingtheareaoffields.形容詞busy,worth后接doingTheteachersaidEdisonwasn’tverybrightandthathewasn’tworthteaching.Theteachersarebusycorrectingthestudents’exampapers.如果作賓語的動(dòng)名詞又有自己的補(bǔ)語，習(xí)慣上要將動(dòng)名詞后置，而用先行詞it作它的形式賓語。3）it作形式賓語，代替動(dòng)名詞Ifounditpleasantwalkingalongtheriveraftersupper.Doyouconsideritnecessarytryingagain?mind,finish,admit,advise,consider,enjoy,keep,miss,suggest,can’thelp,giveup,want(需要；該），need(需要；該）4）接doing的動(dòng)詞5）接todo的動(dòng)詞want,wish,hope,ask,help,refuse,learn,demand,choose,,decideplan,manage,pretend,afford◆意義基本同樣，如like,love,hate,begin,start,prefer,attempt6）接doing又可接todo的動(dòng)詞◆意義顯然不同樣，如remember,forgetregret,mean,stop,try,want,need●Pleaseremembertoposttheletterforme.●Irememberpostingtheletter.◆意義顯然不同樣，如remember,forget,regret,mean,stop,try,want,need●Heforgottowritetome.●I’llneverforgetvisitingLondonforthefirsttime.●IregrettosaythatIcannotgowithyou.●Sheregrettedmissingthereport.◆意義顯然不同樣，如remember,forget,regret,mean,stop,try,want,need●Theystoppedtotalk.●Theystoppedtalking.●Youdon’tneedtoleavesoearly.●Hisclothesneededmendingandhisshoesneededrepairing.3.need,require,want作“需要”解時(shí),后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語,主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,相當(dāng)于tobedone。如：Theradioneeds/requires/wantsrepairing/toberepaired.動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語1.有些動(dòng)詞如admit,avoid,consider,escape,deny,risk,suggest等后能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，而不能接動(dòng)詞不定式。如：We’reconsideringpayingavisittotheScienceMuseum.2.有些短語如：can’thelp,beusedto,endup,feellike,leadto,bebusy,betiredof,befondof,beafraidof,beproudof,thinkof/about,putoff,keepon,insiston,begoodat,giveup等.常跟動(dòng)詞ing作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，防止錯(cuò)過持續(xù)練，否定達(dá)成停能賞，不禁介懷準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardonadmit,delay/putoff,fancyavoid,miss,keep/keepon,practisedeny,finish,stop,enjoy/appreciatecan’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escapeforbid,risk,imagine[注意]動(dòng)詞-ing形式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是指在動(dòng)詞-ing形式前面加上邏輯主語來強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，該邏輯主語常為形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格；當(dāng)邏輯主語不出現(xiàn)在句首時(shí)，可用人稱代詞的賓格代替形容詞性物主代詞或用名詞普通格代替名詞的所有格。如：1）I’mannoyedaboutJohn’s/Johnforgettingtopay.2）Ireallycan’tunderstandyou/yourtreatingherlikethat.2.動(dòng)詞-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not，帶有邏輯主語時(shí)not應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞-ing形式以前。如：Notcleaningherteethmadehersmellbad.Yourschoolmate’snotcominghomeintimemadeherparentsworried.需要注意的問題：以下的動(dòng)詞后邊加動(dòng)詞的不定式作賓語：decide,hope,expect,seem,agree,afford,arrange,choose,offer,plan,promise,determine,demand,manage,fail,prepare,refuse,pretend,常跟不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣：三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng)，兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕,設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定,不要假裝在選擇。hope;wish;want;agree;promisedemand;ask;refusemanage;learn;decidepretend;choose想要拒絕命令，需要努力學(xué)習(xí),希望同意幫助，希望決定開始。want;refuse;orderneed;try;learnexpect;agree;helphope;wish;decide;begin;start◆以下的動(dòng)詞后邊既可接動(dòng)詞的不定式又能夠接動(dòng)詞的ing作賓語：hate,love,prefer,remember,forget,regret,like,try,stop,begin,start既跟動(dòng)詞ing又接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞歌訣:雙方一旦開始，不論喜歡與否，都得持續(xù)下去。不論記住與否，努力打算停止，懊悔三個(gè)需要。begin,start,like,prefer,hate,dislike,continue，remember,forget,try,mean,stop,reget,want,need,require[即時(shí)練習(xí)]從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最正確選項(xiàng)。1.It’snecessarytobepreparedforajobinterview.____theanswersreadywillbeofgreathelp.A.TohavehadB.HavinghadC.HaveD.HavingD2.Theparentssuggested____inthehotelroombuttheirkidswereanxioustocampoutduringthetrip.A.sleepB.tosleepC.sleepingD.havingsleptC3.HowIregret___somuchtimeinthenetbar!Ishouldhavestudiedharder.A.towasteB.wastingC.wastedD.beingwastedBII.根據(jù)括號(hào)內(nèi)的漢語提示,達(dá)成下列句子。1._____________(大聲朗誦)inthelibraryisabadhabit.2.It’snouse_____________(像這樣發(fā)言).3.Inmymind,____________________________(進(jìn)入那所著名的大學(xué))willbetheonlywaytobecomeaworld-classwriter.attendingthefamousuniversityReadingaloudtalkinglikethis4.Marygotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forshecouldn’trisk______________________(扔掉這個(gè)好時(shí)機(jī)).5.Heremembered______________________________(沒有達(dá)成作業(yè)),sohegotupearlytodoitthenextmorning.nothavingfinishedhishomeworklosingthegoodopportunityTheParticipleasAttributive分詞作定語thechangingworldthechangedworldboilingwaterboiledwateradevelopingcountryadevelopedcountrylostchild變化中的世界變了的世界正在沸騰的水開過的水發(fā)展中國家發(fā)達(dá)國家失蹤的孩子Wecanseetherisingsun.正在升起的太陽Lookatthesleepingbaby.Socute.Watchoutthatamovinglorry移動(dòng)的卡車Don’teattoomanylikefriedchickenlegsHeisaretiredworker.退休的工人分詞做前置定語定語從句與分詞短語的變換TheconversionofattributiveclauseandparticiplephraseIknowamanworkinginthatfactory.Iknowamanwhoworksinthatfactory.Iknowamanwhoisworkinginthatfactory.Iknowamanwhoworkedinthatfactory.Thegirlsittingbesidemeis(was)mycousin.Thegirlwhositsbesidemeismycousin.Thegirlwhoissittingbesidemeismycousin.Thegirlwhosatbesidemewasmycousin.Theboyswhoareplayingtennisaremyfriends.Theboysplayingtennisaremyfriends.Iknowtheboywhoisrunninginthepark.Iknowtheboyrunninginthepark.定語從句變換成現(xiàn)在分詞短語做后置定語,有主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行的意思。先行詞與現(xiàn)在分詞有主動(dòng)關(guān)系SheboughtacomputerwhichwasproducedinChina.SheboughtacomputerproducedinChina.HereceivedaletterwhichwaswritteninEnglish.HereceivedaletterwritteninEnglish.過去分詞作定語有被動(dòng)或達(dá)成的意思用定語從句及分詞達(dá)成下列句子.Themanismybrother.Heisstandingunderthetree._____________________.2.Doyouknowthegirl?Sheistalkingwiththeteacher.Themanwhoisstandingunderthetreeismybrother.Doyouknowthegirlwhoistalkingwiththeteacher?ThemanstandingunderthetreeismybrotherDoyouknowthegirltalkingwiththeteacher?

v.–ingasPredicative(表語)-ing分詞（短語）作表語,起adj.作用，指主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特點(diǎn)。Itsoundedsohorrifyingandexciting.(asanadj.)Thesituationisencouraging.(asanadj.)-ed分詞做表語也起adj.作用，往往表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。Hegotpromoted.Igrewtired.Heremainedunsatisfied.II:

The–ingParticipleasObjectComplement(賓語補(bǔ)足語)

1.在感覺/感官動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語的行為正在進(jìn)行，呈主動(dòng)關(guān)系。這類動(dòng)詞有：feel,see,notice,watch,hear,smell,listento,lookat,findIfeltmyheartbeatingfaster.Shesmeltsomethingburning.Listentothebirdssingingoutside.-ed分詞同樣能夠做賓補(bǔ)，與賓語呈被動(dòng)關(guān)系。Heishappytoseehisbabytakencareof.Henoticedthethiefcaughtbythepolice.2.在表示“致使”意義的動(dòng)詞后作賓語補(bǔ)足語。這類動(dòng)詞有:make(不跟-ing分詞作賓補(bǔ)),set,have,get,start,leave,keep,catchMyfatherhadmewritingthewholemorning.Hekeptmewaitingforalongtime.Icaughthimcheatingintheexam.Hewasleftstandingthewholemorning.-ed分詞同樣能夠做“致使”動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)。CanImakemyselfunderstood?Thatisaquestion.Hemanagedtogetitdonebyhimself.