2022屆高考英語閱讀二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考：Before the War戰(zhàn)前

2022屆高考英語閱讀二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考：BeforetheWar戰(zhàn)前

1閱讀導(dǎo)航

《大戰(zhàn)火星人》(TheWaroftheWorlds)又名《星際戰(zhàn)爭》，是英國著名科幻小說

作家赫伯特?喬治?威爾斯的作品。小說描寫了火星人入侵地球的過程。小說故事發(fā)生在大英

帝國建立了龐大殖民地、稱霸世界的19世紀(jì)末期，火星人從天而降，在倫敦附近著陸，拉

開了征服地球戰(zhàn)爭的序幕。人類以機槍大炮面對火星人的先進武器——“熱光”和“黑煙”。幾

十個火星人以雷霆萬鈞之勢，所向披靡，在短短幾天時間里就打得英國軍隊落花流水，致

使政府、制度、社會土崩瓦解。然而，火星人尚未徹底征服地球，滅頂之災(zāi)就悄然向它們

襲來。令人啼笑皆非的是，它們的克星竟是地球上最卑微、最渺小的生物——細(xì)菌。通過

這次教訓(xùn)，人類不再相信自己是這個宇宙中唯一的智慧生靈。

《大戰(zhàn)火星人》不僅以超前的思想“創(chuàng)造”了激光和機器人等尖端機器，還通過該作品暗

中極大地批評英國等列強通過對弱國進行侵略來實現(xiàn)殖民主義的無恥暴行。

［閱讀目標(biāo)］

1.了解小說的三要素：人物、情節(jié)和環(huán)境。理解環(huán)境描寫在小說中的多重作用。

2.掌握小說情節(jié)的起因、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局;了解小說推進故事情節(jié)的方法并理解小說

情節(jié)對刻畫人物形象所起的作用。

3.掌握小說的寫作手法，把握小說的語言風(fēng)格，并理解二者與小說主題的關(guān)系。

4.探究小說的主題意義，并對人類的局限性進行反思，培養(yǎng)批判性思維能力。

Itwouldhaveseemedimpossibletoanyonelivingattheendofthenineteenth

centurytothinkthattheearthwasbeingscientificallyobservedbyhighlyintelligent

creaturesonanotherplanet.Atthattime,menwentabouttheirdaysasusual,thinking

themselvescompletelysafeandincontrol.Thechancesofotherlifeexistingonnearby

planetswerethoughtextremelysmall;anditwaspopularlybelievedthat,ifsuchlifedid

exist,itwouldprobablybelessintelligentthanman.Yet,soon,manwouldawaken

fromthisfalsedream,forthebeingsthatlivedonMars,otherwiseknownasMartians,

wantedtheearthforthemselvesandweremakingpreparationstotakeit.

TheplanetMarsismucholderthantheearth.Althoughweknowlittleaboutthe

planet,wedoknowthatmostofitsnaturalresourcesarenearlygone.Itsoceansare

disappearing,itsairiswithoutoxygen,anditstemperaturesareextremelylow.Those

livingonMarshavebeenforcedtodowhatpeopleonearthwoulddoiftheywereinthe

samesituation：lookforanewhome.

Howattractivetheearthmustthenlooktothemwithallofitsoceansandgreenery;

andhowstupidandsimplewehumansmustseem.Whenyouconsidertheimportanceof

survivaltoalllivingbeings,frommantothelowestformoflife,itcanbeunderstood

thattheMartianshadnochoicebuttoattackourplanetandtakeitfromus.Yet,today,

whenpeoplelookbackontheMartianattack,sixyearsago,manystillthinkofthe

Martiansasevil.Buthavehumansnotdonethesamekindsofthingstoanimalsand

eventootherhumanbeings?IfoneweretoconsiderhowthenativesofNewZealand

werealmostallkilledbytheEuropeans,itwouldnotseemsobeyondhuman

understanding.

Foryears,theMartiansmadetheirpreparationsrightunderthenosesofour

scientists,who,althoughconstantlyobserving,couldnotseeMarsclearlyenough

throughtheirinstruments.In1894,anobservatoryreportedseeingaflashoflightonthe

redplanet.Lookingbackatthat,Icanonlyguessthatthatwasthetimetheyputtheir

hugeguninplace.Then,justsixyearsago,ascientistinJavareportedthatalarge

burstoffierygashadbeenreleasedfromMarsandwascomingtowardsearth.Veryfew

people,however,paidmuchattentiontothediscovery.Oneofthepeoplewhodidwas

myfriend,Ogilvy.Hewassoexcitedbythenewsthatheinvitedmetojoinhiminhis

observatorythenextevening.

Irememberlookingthroughhistelescopeandthinkingabouthowmuchspacewas

outtherebetweenthestarsandplanets.JustbetweentheearthandMarslaytensof

millionsofmiles.Theredplanetlookedsosmall,liketheheadofapen.ThenIcaught

sightofsomething,aflashoflight.ItoldOgilvy,andhetookmyplaceatthetelescope.

ItwasanotherburstoffirefromMars.Heexplainedthatitwasprobablylargepiecesof

rockfromspacehittingthesurfaceoftheplanet.I,ofcourse,hadnoideawhatitwas

andjustrememberwishingIhadacigarettetosmoke.Thenightwassoquietand

peaceful.Noonehadanyideaoftheterribledangerthatwascomingstraightforthemin

thenightssilence.

Overthenexttendays,aburstoccurredeachdayatmidnight.Soon,the

newspapersstartedtotakemoreinterestinthevolcanoesofMars.Noonewaswillingto

believetheideathatitmightbesomeoneorsomethingtryingtocommunicatewithus

fromanotherplanet.Ogilvywasevencompletelyagainsttheidea.

Itisalmosthumorousandwonderfultorememberhowmancarriedouthisdailylife

justbeforetheMartiansarrived.I,forexample,waslearninghowtorideabicycleand

waswritingsomephilosophicalpaperson"rightandwronginthemodernworld".I

remembertakingawalkwithmywifeandteachingheraboutthedifferentpatternsof

starsinthesky.IevenshowedherwhichplanetwasMars.Therewasagroupofyoung

peopleplayingtheguitarandsinging.Thesoundofthenearbytraincouldbeheard,

whichwasslowlymovingalongitstracks.Theworldfeltverycalmandpeaceful.

2文本解讀

［目標(biāo)呈現(xiàn)］

I.Fastreading

1.Forthemainidea

Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.WhymanthoughtnothingoftheMartians.

B.Whattheauthorexperiencedbeforethewar.

C.WhytheMartiansdecidedtoinvadetheearth.

D.WhathappenedbeforethewarbetweentheMartiansandman.

2.Forthekeyinformation

3.Forthestructure

II.Carefulreading

1.Forthesettingsofthewar

(1)Whatdidmanontheearththinkofthecreaturesbeyondtheearth?

(2)WhatsituationweretheMartiansfacedwithbeforethewar?Andwhatwould

theydo?

(3)WhatdidtheMartiansthinkoftheearth?

(4)WhatwasthefundamentalreasonfortheMartianstoattackandoccupythe

earth?

2.Fortheplotofthenovel

【點石成金】

閱讀小說時，應(yīng)充分關(guān)注小說中的“LOCK系統(tǒng)”?！癓OCK系統(tǒng)”的各個要素分別為：L

代表主角(Lead),O代表目標(biāo)(Objective),C代表沖突(Confrontation),而K代表

沖擊結(jié)尾(Knockout)。這可以概括為一個公式：故事情節(jié)=主角+目標(biāo)+沖突+沖擊結(jié)尾。

閱讀本章節(jié)時應(yīng)時時關(guān)注小說中兩大沖突主角的行為，即火星人和地球人的行為。關(guān)注小

說以時間為順序進行敘述，推進故事情節(jié)的手法。在把握故事情節(jié)的過程中，還應(yīng)注意將

兩者的行為進行對比，為推測小說的后續(xù)情節(jié)做好鋪墊，從而明白小說的結(jié)局，即火星人

戰(zhàn)勝地球人具有其必然性。

3.Fortheinformationabout"I"

【點石成金】

小說以第一人稱推進故事發(fā)展，使得情節(jié)的敘述更加真實。小說中的“我”是星際戰(zhàn)爭的

見證者、親歷者和反思者。把握“我”的行為，有助于理解小說的主題意義，推動學(xué)生批判性

思維能力的形成。通過對“我”的行為的掌握，學(xué)生可以為后續(xù)的縮寫進行有效鋪墊。

III.Postreading

1.ForthecharacteristicsoftheMartiansandman

2.Forroleexperience

(1)Supposeyouaremanontheearth,whatwouldyouthinkoftheMartians?

Whatwouldyousaytoman?Andwhatwouldyoudotoman?Why?

(2)SupposeyouareMartian,whatwouldyoudobeforethewar?Wouldyou

persuadeyourracetogiveupthewaragainsttheearth?Andwhatwouldyousayto

man?

3.Forcriticalthinking

(1)WhatdidthenovelistthinkofthewaragainstmanfromtheMartians?Findout

thecluesinthenovel.

(2)WhatisyouropinionaboutthewaragainstmanfromtheMartians?Shareit

withyourclassmates.

3讀寫整合

Summarywriting

Writeasummaryofthenovelinthefirstperson.Yoursummaryshouldbeabout60

words.Thefollowingkeywordsmaybehelpfultoyou：

[theMartiansmanwartheMarstheearthpreparations]

【點石成金】

小說的概要寫作應(yīng)抓住三要素：人物、情節(jié)和環(huán)境。在敘述小說的情節(jié)時，應(yīng)考慮敘

述的順序，凸顯小說情節(jié)的起因、發(fā)展、高潮和結(jié)局。同時，還應(yīng)注意，在縮寫時語言要

高度概括，不要穿插小說中的細(xì)節(jié)和不重要的情節(jié)。

4素養(yǎng)建構(gòu)

Writingtechniques

1.旁敲側(cè)擊的satire(諷刺)

satire(諷刺)意為"awayofcriticizingpeopleorideasinahumorousway,orapiece

ofwritingorplaythatusesthisstyle"(CambridgeDictionary)。諷刺常用委婉的詞語來

論述、評價事物或人物，或采用拐彎抹角、旁敲側(cè)擊、含沙射影的說法去喑示某人，或某

些有損榮譽的事，以免引起諷刺對象的傷感與不快。satire(諷刺)旨在嘲弄，以求達(dá)到一

種生動活潑、幽默風(fēng)趣的語言效果。

2.豐富多樣的description(描寫)

【點石成金】

小說中的描寫可以分為語言描寫、行為描寫、肖像描寫，以及環(huán)境描寫(包括自然環(huán)

境描寫和社會環(huán)境描寫)等。小說中語言描寫和行為描寫可以折射出小說人物的特征，而

環(huán)境描寫則可以起到交代故事背景、渲染氣氛、烘托心情、推動情節(jié)發(fā)展、深化主題等多

種作用。描寫是小說的重要表現(xiàn)手法之一。同學(xué)們在平時的閱讀中要強化對小說中描寫語

言的積累，以便為讀后續(xù)寫積累必要的語料，并學(xué)會在小說中嫻熟地運用描寫手法。

戰(zhàn)前答案

2文本解讀

I.1.D

2.(1)attheendofthenineteenthcentury

(2)man;theMartians;friend;scientists

(3)plot

3.(1)settings(2)development

II.1.(1)Manconsideredtheretobenocreaturesonotherplanetsandifany,they

werelessintelligentthanman.

(2)TheMars,wheretheylived,ranoutofitsnaturalresourcesandtheywouldlook

foranewhome.

(3)Attractive/Resourceful.

(4)Tosurvive.

2.(1)Foryears,theMartiansmadetheirpreparationsrightunderthenosesofour

scientists.

(2)Anobservatoryreportedseeingit.

(3)Sixyearsago,alargeburstoffierygaswasreleasedfromMarsandwas

comingtowardsearth.

(4)ThenewspapersstartedtotakemoreinterestinthevolcanoesofMars.

(5)Noonewaswillingtobelievethatitmightbesomeoneorsomethingtryingto

communicatewithusfromanotherplanet.

3.(1)Iguessedthatthatwasthetimetheyputtheirhugeguninplace.

(2)inquisitive/curious

(3)IjoinedmyfriendOgilvyinhisobservatorythenexteveningandImadecareful

observationontheMars.

(4)responsible/inquisitive/curious/alert

(5)Iwaslearninghowtorideabicycleandwaswritingsomephilosophicalpapers.

(6)Itookawalkwithmywifeandtaughtheraboutthedifferentpatternsofstarsin

thesky.Ievenshowed