構(gòu)詞法及猜詞

welcometoourclass囧如果這只毛茸茸的狗被大雨淋了，會(huì)是什么模樣呢

？囧?嗚……好囧??！Ifyoucomeacrosssomewordsyoudon’tknowwhilereading,Whatwillyoudo?Guessthemeaning2010年高考大綱中關(guān)于閱讀理解的要求要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報(bào)、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能：１、理解主旨要義；２、理解文中具體信息；３、根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義；４、作出簡單判斷和理解；５、理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；６、理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度。猜測詞義讀懂文章---------高三英語閱讀指導(dǎo)（閱讀篇）猜測詞義題目類型對考綱外生詞的猜測ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.“polyglot”mostprobablymeans“_______________.”對考綱內(nèi)熟詞新義的猜測Ihadfirstknownshewaswrongthatheranxietyhadcloudedherjudgment.(04全國卷)“cloud”means“_____________________.”Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched對句義的猜測

詞義猜測題常用的提問方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto_______.2.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?3.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......

4.Theword“…”couldbestbereplacedby_______.語境法Contextclues猜測詞意怎么猜？構(gòu)詞法Wordformation

WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)：派生法:supermarket合成

法:salesgirl轉(zhuǎn)化法:“walk”thedog有什么啟發(fā)？中學(xué)英語中常見的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無）-wards(向)派生法supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronounce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯(cuò)音)(向東)

(05重慶卷)Whenhereachedtheplacewithhisarmy,hefoundanimpassableriverinfrontofhim.

impassable:不能通行的It’struethatlighthouse（燈塔）werebuiltinout-of-the-wayplace.out-of-the-way：

偏僻的

合成法

Whenmenandwomenlivedbyhunting50,000yearsago,howcouldtheypicturemodernlife?

picture：

想象，描繪轉(zhuǎn)化

法猜測詞義：語境法?Logicalrelations

（邏輯關(guān)系）No.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjects（物體、物件）

iscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

木匠

動(dòng)物學(xué)家語境法猜測詞義1.定義描述

定義或釋義關(guān)系通常表現(xiàn)為定語從句，同位語，由becalled，beknownas,bedefinedas，thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway等詞匯或破折號引出的具體解釋性的話。小結(jié)試試看：◎Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.◎Lastweek,Iworkontheday.ButthisweekIamonthenightshift

---frommidnightto8a.m.

牧人夜班No.2

Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostas

plump

asmother,andmuchshorter.肥胖的，豐滿的Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.節(jié)約的語境法猜測詞義2.同義反義

表同義關(guān)系的詞：and，or，like,as…as,thesameas表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的詞：but,while,however,insteadof,ratherthan,unlike,yet,otherwise,though，onthecontrary。小結(jié)試試看(05廣東卷)“UnlikevitaminC,leadershipskillscan’tbeeasilyswalloweddown（吞）Theymustbecarefullycultivated.”Theunderlinedwordroughlymeans____.A.encouragedB.comparedC.examinedD.developedNo.3◎He’ssuchashrewdbusinessmanthathelosesnomoneyinanytrade.◎Shewantedthehairdressertotrimherhairabitbecauseitwastoolong.精明的

修剪語境法猜測詞義3.因果關(guān)系

常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，asaresult，so,so…that,such…thattherefore等)表示前因后果。小結(jié)(06陜西卷)Thehomelesspeoplemayhavebecomejoblessandthenbeenunabletopaytheirrentandsotheywillnolongerhavearoofovertheirheads.Inparagraph2,“aroofovertheirheads”mostprobablymeans______.A.acapB.acarC.ahomeD.acovering試試看No.4

Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽語境法猜測詞義4.舉例歸納

常用suchas,like，forexample,forinstance等引出例子，可根據(jù)例子隸屬的類別歸納出總稱詞即詞義。小結(jié)Thenewcoupleboughtalotofhouseholdappliances,suchaswashingmachine,fridgeandmicrowaveoven(微波爐)etc.家電試試看ManyUnitedNationsemployeesarepolyglots:Mr.Jim,forexample,speaksfivelanguagesfluently.通曉多種語言的No.5

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetic

tomakehimunconscious(失去知覺）,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.

麻藥語境法猜測詞義5.生活常識

小結(jié)根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識將生詞推測出來。因此平時(shí)多了解英美國家的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，宗教信仰，社會(huì)生活等，可以幫助加深對文章的理解，遇到生詞，猜測詞義的能力自然就提高了。試試看Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcharipplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.

波紋（05福建卷）RainforestsliketheAmazonareimportantformoppingupCO2fromtheatmosphereandhelpingtoslowglobalwarming.Thephrase“moppingup”intheparagraphmeans______.A.cleaningupB.takinginC.wipingoutD.givingout

TheashesoftheGreatWallarefallingdown.

IthinktheGreatwallisnowlikean80yearsoldman.Insomeplacesitisstillstanding,butreallynotfirmenough.Unlessthereissomegoodmedicine,mostofitwon’tbestandinginthenextfiftyoronehundredyears.Ifpeopledon’ttakemedicine,theGreatWallwillfalldown.B.TheGreatWallislikean80year-oldman,whoneedsmedicalcare.C.WemusttakesomemeasurestoprotecttheGreatWall,ormostoftheGreatWallwillbreakdownin50or100yearsD.TheGreatWallisfallingdown,anditwilldisappearinthefuture.No.6語境法猜測詞義6.上下推斷

小結(jié)所謂“詞不離句，句不離章“講的就是對于詞語或句子的正確理解依賴于一定的情景。猜測生詞義或句意時(shí)，一定要認(rèn)真讀懂與生詞密切相關(guān)的前后句子，進(jìn)行合情合理的推測，排除膚淺的表義，選擇蘊(yùn)含在其中的深意。Thebiggestfindinginbrainresearchinthelasttenyearsisthatthebrainatanyageishighlyplastic.Ifyouaskyourbraintolearn,itwilllearn.(07四川卷)Bysaying“thebrainatanyageishighlyplastic”,thewritermeansthebraincanbe_____.A.usedB.masteredC.developedD.researched語境法Contextclues怎么猜?summary構(gòu)詞法Wordformation

WordFormation(構(gòu)詞法)派生法合成

法轉(zhuǎn)化法語境法猜Homework1.Gooverwhatwelearnedinthisperiod.2.Finishadditionalexercises

Readingmakesafullman;conferenceareadyman;andwritinganexactman.Enjoyreading!Bye-bye!Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(dòng)(1)1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

小試身手3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.A.租用B.借出C.購買D.參觀

4.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathisoccupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest5.Theoldwomanhasastrangehabittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛貓的B.古怪的C.閑不住D.動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者

6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱7.Mrs.Smithisloquaciouswhileherhusbandisthesilenttype.A.活潑的B.好動(dòng)的C.多嘴多舌的D.可愛的

8.Thosenewcomerswerenotusedtothelifeinthesuburbswhichwassodifferentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countrysideD.house9.Thisboyisnotstupid,onthecontrary,noonecouldbemoreintelligent.A.勤奮的B.愚蠢的C.聰明的D.情報(bào)10.Childrenarealwaysboasting.Theysaythingslike“MyDad’scarisbiggerthanyourDad’s,”“MyMomissmarterthanyours.”and“Myfamilyhasmoremoneythanyours.”Theword“boasting”means_____.A.驕傲B.吹牛C.頑皮D.幼稚Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活動(dòng)(2)Passage1Tensofthousandsofbabypenguins(企鵝)facestarvation（饑餓）

aftertwogianticebergs（冰山）

brokeofftheAntarcticicesheet（南極冰川）

andblocked（阻塞）

theirparents’roadtothefeedingareas.Adelineandemperorpenguinsnesting（筑巢）

ontheRossislandrookeriesarenowforcedtowalklongdistancesovertheicebergstoobtainfoodfortheirchicks,bornduringtheNovember-Decemberbreeding（繁殖）

season.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obtain”probablymean?A.eatB.getC.sellD.buyBPassage2

Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen（部落成員）.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameDPassage3

Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolution（革命）hewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposed（反對）

thisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

BPassage4

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughed（犁）thecanefields（甘蔗田）.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitpreparedmeforlifeandtaughtmemanylastinglessons.Becausetheplantationownerswerealwayswatchingus,IhadtobeontimeeverydayandworkashardasIcould.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tedious”probablymean?A.interestingB.tiresomeC.relaxingD.challengingBPassage5

Althoughheoftenhadthechance,Mr.Brownwasneverabletostealmoneyfromacustomer.Thiswouldendangeredhispositionatthebank,andhe